北半球平流层中低层纬向风季节转换及转换层特征的分析研究

使用1979～2005年NCEP/NCAR 再分析数据,分析了北半球平流层中低层（300 hPa至10 hPa）纬向风的季节转换规律,并采用二维空间场相似性方法确定了平流层的季节过渡日期。分析表明,平流层大气环流基本为冬夏二元状态,冬夏转换具有突变性;其季节过渡在纬向是接近同步进行的,而在经向则有时间差异,无论是冬夏转换还是夏冬转换高纬都要早于低纬。在平流层中部（10～70 hPa）季节过渡是自上而向下进行的;而在平流层下部（100～200 hPa）季节过渡的上下传递关系则比较复杂,在不同的纬度带有不同的表现。在北半球热带外地区,平流层中部东风期的起止日期与相似性方法计算得到的平流层季节过渡日期之间具有较好的对应关系,在东风期之前和之后往往各存在持续10天左右的零风—弱风期。     

海洋石油工程服务管理研究

海洋石油工程具有高投资、高风险、高技术含量等特点.海洋石油工程是项复杂的系统工程,提高服务管理水平,对于保证施工、建造、拖航及安装设置过程的安全,提高效率,进而提高竞争力极为重要.文中提出了海洋石油工程服务管理的系列理论与方法,并提出海洋石油工程服务管理中应注意的事项,为此类工程项目管理提供合理建议.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地风蚀起沙特征观测研究

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站2009—2018年的地面观测资料,分析塔中地区的风蚀起沙特征,结果表明:(1)塔中地区临界起沙风速呈明显的季节变化特征,夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,临界起沙风速介于4.47～4.92 m/s;(2)春、夏季是风蚀事件的多发季节,春、夏季沙尘水平通量的平均值分别为2638.9、3298.9 ...     

Simulation of wind-induced near-inertial oscillations in a mixed layer near the east coast of Korea in the East/Japan Sea

Using a simple damped slab model,it was possible to show that a local wind induced 88%(15 of 17)of the near-inertial oscillations(NIO)observed in the mixed layer near the east coast of Korea from 1999 to 2004.The model,however,overestimated the energy level in about two-thirds of the simulated cases,because the slab model was forced with winds whose characteristic period was shorter than the damping time scale of the model at 1.5 d.At the observation site,due to typhoons and orographic effects,high-frequency wind forcing is quite common,as is the overestimation of the energy level in the slab model results.In short,a simple slab model with a damping time-scale of about 1.5 d would be enough to show that the local wind was the main energy source of the near-inertial energy in this area,but the model could not be used to accurately estimate the amount of the work done by the wind to the mixed layer.     

太湖风浪场的计算与比较

首先探讨了浅水风浪数值模型—SWAN模型应用于模拟内陆湖泊风浪生成和传播变形时的特点。该模型存在不能有效地模拟近固壁边界处风浪场的缺点,以能正确地模拟湖区的风浪场和节约计算时间为原则,确定了计算范围。对太湖进行了风场和风浪场的现场观测。分别利用规范公式和SWAN模型两种方法、根据观测和预报的风场计算了湖区的有效波高,并将计算结果和现场观测值进行了详细比较。结果表明基于观测的风场,利用两种方法所计算的太湖风浪场的精度基本相当;在根据观测的风场、利用SWAN模型计算内陆湖泊的风浪场时,需要精心选择恰当的风场;在根据预报的风场预报湖区风浪场时,SWAN模型的精度要高于规范公式的精度。     

Offshore wind capital cost estimation in the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf—A reference class approach

Offshore wind power developed rapidly in Northern Europe in the first decade of the 21st century and is expected to spread to Southern Europe, North America and Asia before 2020. To date, no projects have been built offshore North America because of the high development costs and economic risk and uncertain profitability. The purpose of this paper is to review the development cost of constructing offshore wind farms to inform the U.S. market. The capital expenditures of a reference class of 18 European wind farms constructed after 2005 with monopile foundations are normalized to proxy U.S. capital cost. Regression models are developed to investigate the physical features that influence expenditures. U.S. capital costs are expected to range between $4 and $5.6 million/MW for projects built between 2012 and 2015. Capital costs increase with increasing water depth and steel prices. For most farm components, capital expenditures are expected to be similar in Europe and the U.S., but the installation markets differ and this may impact the reliability of the reference class approach.     

浮式油气生产储卸装置风倾力臂解析解及相关线性关系研究

为了建立驳船型浮式生产储卸装置的风倾力臂和船型参数之间的函数关系,构造了与其主尺度及设计工况对应吃水、排水量和正浮状态侧向所受风倾力臂相关的3个无因次量——"相对力臂"、"相对排水量"和"相对吃水",使前二者的乘积与相对吃水呈现出线性变化关系,通过拟合直线得到风倾力臂的解析解,其有效性经6艘我国现役FPSO的设计数据和理论分析验证,结果理想。     

The co-location of offshore windfarms and decapod fisheries in the UK: Constraints and opportunities

The offshore wind sector in the UK is expanding rapidly and is set to occupy significant areas of the coastal zone, making it necessary to explore the potential for co-location with other economic activities. The presence of turbine foundations introduces hard substrates into areas previously dominated by soft sediments, implying that artificial reef effects may occur, with potential benefits for fisheries. This review focuses on the possibilities for locating fisheries for two commercially important decapods, the brown crab Cancer pagurus and the European lobster Homarus gammarus, within offshore wind farms.Existing understanding of habitat use by C. pagurus and H. gammarus suggests that turbine foundations have the potential to act as artificial reefs, although the responses of these species to noise and electromagnetic fields are poorly understood. Offshore wind farm monitoring programmes provide very limited information, but do suggest that adult C. pagurus associate with turbine foundations, which may also serve as nursery areas. There was insufficient deployment and monitoring of rock armouring to draw conclusions about the association of H. gammarus with offshore wind farm foundations. The limited information currently available demonstrates the need for further research into the ecological and socio-economic issues surrounding fishery co-location potential.     

The comparison of altimeter retrieval algorithms of the wind speed and the wave period

With the launch of altimeter,much effort has been made to develop algorithms on the wind speed and the wave period.By using a large data set of collocated altimeter and buoy measurements,the typical wind speed and wave period algorithms are validated.Based on theoretical argument and the concept of wave age,a semi-empirical algorithm for the wave period is also proposed,which has the wave-period dimension,and explicitly demonstrates the relationships between the wave period and the other variables.It is found that Ku and C band data should be applied simultaneously in order to improve either wind speed or wave period algorithms.The dual-band algorithms proposed by Chen et al.(2002) for the wind speed and Quilfen et al.(2004) for the wave period perform best in terms of a root mean square error in the practical applications.     

海上固定平台雷达测波技术及典型数据处理算法

首先总结了国内外海上固定平台使用的多种非接触式波浪测量方法,比较了不同测波方法的适用性。针对不同的测量方法给出了常用的传感器与设备,同时提供了每种设备的主要生产销售商。然后,对单点测波雷达和X波段雷达测波算法进行了综述,给出了波面的时间序列和雷达影像的时空序列两种数据的处理过程。最后,提出了波浪测量技术存在的一些问题,以期为我国海洋环境监测与观测系统的完善提供参考。