近十年中国海效应降雪研究进展

海效应降雪的发生发展机制与内陆地区降雪有明显区别。中国渤海中东部、渤海海峡、黄海、东海海面及其沿海地区均可产生海效应降雪,以山东半岛的烟台和威海地区最为显著。从各海域海效应降雪的分布特征、渤海海效应暴雪的多尺度作用、地形对渤海海效应暴雪的影响、海效应降雪的研究资料、方法和数值预报检验等5个方面总结了近十年中国海效应降雪的主要研究进展,旨在进一步加深对海效应降雪的理解和认识。并针对当前预报业务难点和研究的薄弱环节提出了未来的研究重点。     

基于WRF模式的青岛近海能见度算法比较研究

采用GFS背景场资料和ADAS资料同化系统,使用WRF模式对2014—2016年青岛近海17个海雾个例进行了模拟,分析了3种能见度算法的预报效果。结果表明, FSL（Forecast Systems Laboratory）算法对于沿海站、岸基站雾的预报较SW99（Steolinga and Warner 1999）算法有优势;对于海岛站而言,SW99算法则优于FSL算法。混合算法CVIS（Combined Visibility）较单一算法预报雾准确率有所提高。3种能见度算法基本上是高估能见度的,SW99算法能见度预报均方根误差最大。另外,SW99算法对沿海站、岸基站雾开始时间预报较实况多偏晚,结束时间预报较实况多偏早,持续时间预报较实况多偏短。     

具有结构-桩-土相互作用的海洋平台结构体系承载能力的概率分析

本文研究了桩在竖向荷载和横向荷载作用下承载能力的计算模型,给出了单桩承载能力的概率分析以及不同支承条件对海洋平台结构体系承载能力的影响;提出了具有结构－桩－土相互作用的海洋平台结构体系承载能力的概率特性和在极端荷载作用下海洋平台结构体系的可靠度计算方法。研究结果表明：对于桩支承海洋平台结构体系的承载能力,结构－桩－土相互作用的影响是不容忽视的,其偏差影响取决于土性的离散度。     

海洋平台隔水套管群桩性状的研究

海洋平台的隔水套管群桩与土共同作用研究是一个很复杂的课题,目前国内外研究资料甚少,因此在平台导管架设计中,一般不考虑隔水套管群桩承受水平力作用,这与实际不相符合。本文结合工程课题,在调查研究和模型试验的基础上,对隔水套管群桩在水平力作用下的工作性状与破坏机理、群桩的水平力及其主要影响因素、单桩与群桩情况下应力应变关系等方面进行较深入的研究;并提出砂土地基隔水套管群桩效应经验公式,弥补了现行计算方法的缺陷和不足。研究成果可供工程设计参考使用。     

Study on Coastal Protection Engineering in the Area of Abandoned Yellow River Mouth

This paper reviews the history of coast evolution and coastal protection in the area of theabandoned Yellow River mouth in Jiangsu Province,analyzes the erosion characteristics and dynamic en-vironment,evaluates the efficiency of coastal protection engineering works and designs the dimensions ofthe main seadike and offshore submerged dam.A gerneral scheme of shore protection for this area is pro-posed.     

福建近海五种主要捕捞作业适宜捕捞力量的研究

本文根据福建省定置、拖、围、刺、钓五种捕捞作业在本省近海的捕捞力量和渔获量,并以１９９４年单位功率的渔捞效率为基准进行逐年捕捞力量的标准化,应用Ｓｃｈａｅｆｅｒ和Ｆｏｘ两同电脑分别估算它们的ｆＭＳＹ和ＭＳＹ。结果两处在算的ｆＭＳＹ和ＭＳＹ的平均值是：定置网为８．９０尤明等３７．４１万ｔ;推网为５５．８８万ＫＷ,３５．５１万ｔ;为桃围网为７．１２万ＫＷ,１０．０６万ｔ;刺网为１５．１９万ＫＷ,９．５     

Application of Organic Inclusions in Offshore Oil—Gas Exploration

Studies of organic inclusions from the offshore oil and gas fields provide much information about the number of times,temperature,depth,time and phase state of oil-gas migration,as well as about the composition of organic inclusions.On the basis of the type,character,composition and distribution of organic inclusions in the Zhu-Ⅲ Depression at the Pearl River Mouth,information can be developed about the source rocks of oil and gas,and their evolution and migration.     

A Probabilistic Model for Fatigue Crack Propagation Analysis

A simple probabilistic model for predicting crack growth behavior under random loading is pre-sented.In the model,the parameters c and m in the Paris-Erdogan Equation are taken as random variables,and their stochastic characteristic values are obtained through fatigue crack propagation tests on an offshorestructural steel under constant amplitude loading.Furthermore,by using the Monte Carlo simulation tech-nique,the fatigue crack propagation life to reach a given crack length is predicted.The tests are conducted toverify the applicability of the theoretical prediction of the fatigue crack propagation.     

Multiple-Step Predictive Control for Offshore Structures

—Ocean wave propagation is slow,visible and measurable,so a wave theory can be used to approxi-mately predict the imminnent wave force on an offshore structure based on measured,real-time wave elevation nearthe structure.This predictability suggests the development of a more efficient algorithm,than those that have beendeveloped for structures under wind and seismic loads,for the active vibration control of offshore structures.Thepresent study delveops a mutiple-step predictive optimal control(MPOC)algorithm that accounts for multiple-step external loading in the determibation of optimal control forces.The control efficiency of the newly developedMPOC algorithm has been investigated under both regular(single-frequency)and irregular(multiple-frequency)wave loads,and compared with that of two other well-known optimal control algorithms:classical linear optimalcontrol(CLOC)and instantaneou optimal control(IOC).     

The Optimal Design of TMD for Offshore Structures

This paper presents the optimal design procedure of Tuned Mass Damper(TMD)for re-ducing vibration of an actual steel jacket offshore platform excited by random wave loading.In this study,a frequency domain is taken.The force on the structure is determined by use of the linearized Morisonequation for an input Power Spectral Density(PSD)of wave elevation.The sensitivity of optimum valuesof TMD to characteristic parameters of random wave spectrum is analyzed.An optimized TMD designfor the modeled platform is given based on design conditions and the findings of the study.