利用半参数模型估计确定验潮组网的深度基准面

深度基准面的确定是进行海洋测量的基础,准确确定深度基准面是进行海洋测量的有效前提。提出了一种将CORS技术与验潮组网技术进行结合的新传递深度基准面的方法,实现长、短期验潮站同步验潮实现深度基准面的增强传递;提出了采用半参数模型理论来求取潮差比的计算方法;具体阐述了验潮组网通过间接平差求取短期验潮站的深度基准面的计算方法,减少了验潮测量的人力投入,计算潮差比时考虑了系统误差的影响,计算短期验潮站时考虑了观测误差对深度基准面传递的影响。     

钙质土中重力串锚水平承载力特性有限元研究

目前没有规范给出串锚的水平承载力计算公式,为了利用有限元法研究串锚水平承载力特性,采用相关理论计算以及室内试验的方法来验证有限元法模拟计算的可靠性。实践证明,有限元法具有较高的计算精度。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了串锚-土体模型,模拟串锚在水平荷载作用下破坏过程,研究了串锚在水平荷载作用下破坏机理,从而得到了串锚水平承载力特性。在相同的工况条件下,串锚的水平承载力与其锚链长度有关,在一定范围内,增加锚链的长度可以提高串锚的水平承载力;串锚的水平承载力不是相应的单个锚的水平承载力相加,其水平承载力小于相应的单个锚水平承载力之和,在进行串锚水平承载力设计计算时应给与相应的考虑。     

指导工程测量竞赛经验探讨

技能竞赛的蓬勃发展为加强技能人才培养、选拔和促进优秀人才脱颖而出发挥了重要作用。通过对全国和北京市测绘地理信息行业职业技能竞赛工程测量赛项设置、技术要求、竞赛特点的归纳分析,从参赛队员的选拔、竞赛训练方案、技战术、比赛注意事项等方面对竞赛工作进行探讨,为今后的备赛以及参赛提供借鉴。     

巡天项目中的白矮星搜寻

首先,描述了白矮星的颜色特点和光谱型分类。白矮星是大多数恒星的终极状态,它会随着时间的推移而逐渐冷却。根据表面大气成分,它被划分成DA和DB等不同的光谱型。对某一颗白矮星来说,其光谱型分类可能会随着时间的推移而发生变化,这主要是由于其大气包层中的元素含量被对流过程改变引起的。为了对各类光谱型有更深入的研究,样本的完备性不可或缺。得益于近十几年来大型巡天项目的开展(如斯隆数字巡天、郭守敬望远镜的光谱巡天等),目前通过光谱证认的白矮星已超过4×10~4颗,其中绝大多数是H主导的DA型白矮星,另外还包含2 000多颗He主导的DB白矮星。此外,GALEX项目和GAIA卫星分别提供了有价值的白矮星紫外数据、空间位置和速度等信息。这些数据和信息对于白矮星的研究工作起到了非常大的促进作用。随后,对白矮星的大气参数、质量和运动学等内容作了简单的总结。人们利用模板匹配测量了绝大多数已知白矮星的大气参数,并获得了DB型白矮星的有效温度与紫外颜色间的线性关系。基于斯隆数字巡天的光谱数据,白矮星的质量分布和质量-半径关系也得到了较深入的研究。小质量白矮星具有较大的速度弥散,而大质量的则相反。最后,讨论了白矮星的形成和演化机制,这些机制都是基于现有的理论模型得到的。随着巡天项目中白矮星样本的增加,现有的模型会逐渐被修正和完善,新的模型也将随之建立。     

CORS网区域重力场变化与地面稳定性跟踪监测方法

为了实现地面稳定性降低时间与地点、持续作用时间与空间影响分布的全面跟踪监测,该文基于卫星定位连续运行站(CORS)站网观测数据,结合地表水、大气及海平面变化资料,提出了CORS站网时变重力场及负荷形变场精化的已知负荷移去恢复法,建立了基于时变重力场的确定性地面稳定性变化定量辨识准则。以丽水温州地区为例,利用2015-2017年CORS网及有关水文观测数据进行计算分析,根据40起已发生的历史地质灾害(险情)事件对结果进行验证:丽水温州地区的CORS网具备区域重力场变化与地面稳定性跟踪监测能力,具备地质灾害灾变过程追踪与前兆捕获能力,CORS站网的地质灾害前兆提前捕获率可达92.5%。     

RTK无验潮水深测量误差分析及控制方法

实时动态(real time kinematic,RTK)无验潮水深测量技术已成为海洋测绘发展的方向。从RTK无验潮水深测量原理和误差来源入手,定性与定量分析了高程拟合误差、波浪引起的误差、仪器测量误差、定位时延以及仪器安装等误差对成果精度的影响,指出选择恰当的拟合模型是控制高程拟合误差的关键,安装姿态传感器可以削弱波浪引起的误差,提出测量前对换能器连接杆进行垂直度测量、采用双频接收机和PPS等控制方法可以有效减小测量误差。结合实践提出减小RTK无验潮水深测量精度四点建议,为RTK无验潮水深测量技术的推广应用提供参考。     

广州增城地质公园安山质-流纹质火山岩地球化学特征及Rb-Sr年龄测定

广州市增城地质公园发育有大量的燕山期安山岩和流纹岩,由于缺少详细的岩石地球化学研究,这些火山岩的成因和所代表的大地构造意义一直未明确.文章对上述火山岩进行了较为系统的全岩地球化学以及同位素地球化学分析.研究结果显示,安山岩具有安第斯型火山岩特点,显示Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti的亏损,Isr值介于0.70332～0.7144...     

A new understanding of Demala Group complex in Chayu Area,southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Evidence from zircon U-Pb and mica 40Ar/39Ar dating

The Chayu area is located at the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This region was considered to be in the southeastward extension of the Lhasa Block, bounded by Nujiang suture zone in the north and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in the south. The Demala Group complex, a set of high-grade metamorphic gneisses widely distributed in the Chayu area, is known as the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Lhasa Block in the area. According to field-based investigations and microstructure analysis, the Demala Group complex is considered to mainly consist of banded biotite plagiogneisses, biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss, granitic gneiss, amphibolite, mica schist, and quartz schist, with many leucogranite veins. The zircon U-Pb ages of two granitic gneiss samples are 205 ± 1 Ma and 218 ± 1 Ma, respectively, representing the ages of their protoliths. The zircons from two biotite plagiogneisses samples show core-rim structures. The U-Pb ages of the cores are mainly 644 –446 Ma, 1213 –865 Ma, and 1780 –1400 Ma, reflecting the age characteristics of clastic zircons during sedimentation of the original rocks. The U-Pb ages of the rims are from 203 ± 2 Ma to 190 ± 1 Ma, which represent the age of metamorphism. The zircon U-Pb ages of one sample taken from the leucogranite veins that cut through granitic gneiss foliation range from 24 Ma to 22 Ma, interpreted as the age of the anatexis in the Demala Group complex. Biotite and muscovite separates were selected from the granitic gneiss, banded gneiss, and leucogranite veins for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating. The plateau ages of three muscovite samples are 16.56 ± 0.21 Ma, 16.90 ± 0.21 Ma, and 23.40 ± 0.31 Ma, and the plateau ages of four biotite samples are 16.70 ± 0.24 Ma, 16.14 ± 0.19 Ma, 15.88 ± 0.20 Ma, and 14.39 ± 0.20 Ma. The mica Ar-Ar ages can reveal the exhumation and cooling history of the Demala Group complex. Combined with the previous research results of the Demala Group complex, the authors refer that the Demala Group complex should be a set of metamorphic complex. The complex includes not only Precambrian basement metamorphic rock series, but also Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Mesozoic granitic rock. Based on the deformation characteristics, the authors concluded that two stages of the metamorphism and deformation can be revealed in the Demala Group complex since the Mesozoic, namely Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (203 –190 Ma) and Oligocene –Miocene (24 –14 Ma). The early stage of metamorphism (ranging from 203 –190 Ma) was related to the Late Triassic tectono-magmatism in the area. The anatexis and uplifting-exhumation of the later stage (24 –14 Ma) were related to the shearing of the Jiali strike-slip fault zone. The Miocene structures are response to the large-scale southeastward escape of crustal materials and block rotation in Southeast Tibet after India-Eurasia collision.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Archean (about 2500 Ma) anatexis in eastern North China Block

Two Neoarchean alkaline feldspar-rich granites sourced from partially melted granulite-facies granodioritic orthogneiss have been here recognised in the eastern part of the North China Block (NCB). These poorly foliated granites have previously been assumed to be Mesozoic in age and never dated, and so their significance has not been recognised until now. The first granite (AG1) is a porphyritic syenogranite with megacrystic K-feldspar, and the second (AG2) is a quartz syenite with perthitic megacryst. Zircons from the granites yield LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 2499 ± 10 Ma (AG1), and 2492 ± 28 Ma (AG2), which are slightly younger than the granodioritic orthogneiss that they intrude with a crystallisation U-Pb age of 2537 ± 34 Ma. The younger granites have higher assays for SiO₂ (71.91% for AG1 and 73.22% for AG2) and K₂O (7.52% for AG1 and 8.37% for AG2), and much lower assays for their other major element than the granodioritic orthogneiss. All of the granodioritic orthogneiss and granite samples have similar trace element patterns, with depletion in Th, U, Nb, and Ti and enrichment in Rb, Ba, K, La, Ce, and P. This indicates that the granites are derived from the orthogneiss as partial melts. Although they exhibit a similar REE pattern, the granites have much lower total REE contents (30.97×10⁻⁶ for AG1, and 25.93×10⁻⁶ for AG2), but pronounced positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 8.57 for AG1 and 27.04 for AG2). The granodioritic orthogneiss has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70144, εNd(t) value of 3.5, and εHf(t) values ranging from −3.2 to +2.9. The orthogneiss is a product of fractional crystallisation from a dioritic magma, which was derived from a mantle source contaminated by melts derived from a felsic slab. By contrast, the AG1 sample has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.6926 that is considered too low in value, εNd(t) value of 0.3, and εHf(t) values between +0.57 and +3.82; whereas the AG2 sample has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70152, εNd(t) value of 1.3, and εHf(t) values between +0.5 and +14.08. These assays indicate that a Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic disequilibrium exists between the granite and granodioritic orthogneiss. The elevated εHf(t) values of the granites can be explained by the involvement of Hf-bearing minerals, such as orthopyroxene, amphibole, and biotite, in anatectic reactions in the granodioritic orthogneiss. Based on the transitional relationship between the granites and granodioritic orthogneiss and the geochemical characteristics mentioned above, it is concluded that the granites are the product of rapid partial-melting of the granodioritic orthogneiss after granulite-facies metamorphism, and their crystallisation age of about 2500 Ma provides the minimum age of the metamorphism. This about 2500 Ma tectonic-metamorphic event in NCB is similar to the other cratons in India, Antarctica, northern and southern Australia, indicating a possible connection between these cratons during the Neoarchean.     

航空重力弱信号提取的卡尔曼滤波方法研究

航空重力测量以飞机为载体对重力场数据进行采集.由于气流、飞行状态及机体自身振动等因素的影响,航空重力测量原始数据含有大量的噪声,信噪比高达上万级分之一,因此从原始测量数据中获取弱小重力信号成为航空重力测量系统发展的一个技术难题.本文针对航空重力测量系统将通用卡尔曼滤波公式进行了适应性调整,建立了航空重力异常的数学模型,...