大型水泥厂大气影响预测中污染源简化处理的一种方法

在大气环境影响评价工作中，对于多源问题通常采用逐个计算叠加的方法。本文介绍了在大型水泥厂大气环境影响预测中，对数量众多的粉尘排放源进行简化处理的一种方法。在瑞昌水泥厂的环境影响评价中，我们采用了这种方法，并对这种方法得到的结果进行了比较验证，讨论了这种方法的合理性和可行性。通过这种简化处理，可以使大气预测工作更简单化，更省时。     

Hydroclimatic fluctuations of the Upper Narmada catchment and its association with break-monsoon days over India

In this paper, hydroclimatic fluctuations of the Upper Narmada catchment (upto Narmadasagar damsite) have been studied by examining the time series (1901–80) of (i) 1-to 10-day annual extreme rainfall; (ii) seasonal total rainfall between May and October; (iii) the precipitation concentration index (PCI); (iv) a modified version of PCI(MPCI); and (v) parameters of the periods contributing specified percentages of rainfall to annual total. Most of these parameters followed the normal distribution and did not show any significant long-term trend. However, some dominant long period oscillations have been noticed in extreme rainfall, seasonal rainfall, PCI and MPCI series. Influence of break-monsoon days over India during July and August on the rainfall activities of the Upper Narmada catchment has also been investigated and salient findings discussed.     

华南T岩体白云母化与铀活化的关系

白云母化是华南许多花岗岩型铀矿床常见的“前提蚀变”。T岩体白云母化呈面型分布,黑云母转变为白云母后,单位晶胞体积缩小,在等容交代条件下,粒间空隙增多,导致岩石孔隙度增加,为活化出来的铀准备了空间和迁移通道。黑云母在结晶过程中,吸附和隐晶捕获的铀及所包裹的副矿物中的铀也部分活化,引起铀配分的调整,使分散、吸附形式的铀增加。铀存在形式的转变和初步浓集,对花岗岩型铀矿床的形成是不可少的成矿机制之一。     

用浮选法分离萤石的探讨

本文简略地叙述了萤石的物理特性及共生矿物组合。根据萤石的物理化学性质,选择了对萤石的分选方法,并着重分析了用重选和浮选法分离萤石的技术方案比较,确认用浮选法分离萤石是有效的方法之一,因而对用浮选法分离萤石进行了一系列的不同药剂种类和用量试验,并选择了对萤石富集比较有效的药剂对某铁矿中微细萤石的浮选富集和提纯,结果采用粗选与精选相结合的提纯流程,可以达到预想的目的,萤石的纯度可达97%左右。     

岷江柏林下土壤养分特征及种群间差异分析

对现存于川西6个县的岷江柏林下土壤养分状况及其空间差异性比较研究表明，土壤表层（0～20em）有机质、全N、全P、碱解N、速效P、速效K和阳离子交换量均以马尔康居群最高，其次为金川、小金、丹巴居群，理县和茂县居群较低，土壤全K和土壤pH恰好相反，茂县居群较大，马尔康居群较小。从土壤的垂直变化看，除全K和土壤pH外，其它土壤养分均为表土层大于底土层。从相关性分析看，岷江柏林下土壤全N、全P、碱解N、速效P和CEC与土壤有机质呈极显著相关，土壤速效养分主要受全量养分控制，土壤养分指标地理空间差异较大，通过岷江柏林土壤养分指标的相关性分析，马尔康岷江柏居群土壤养分指标综合性能最好，其次为理县、金川、丹巴、小金岷江柏居群，最差的为茂县岷江柏居群。岷江柏林下养分差异是植被状况、地形条件、保护管理措施和人为干扰状况等多种因素综合作用的结果。     

Spatial and temporal factors controlling short‐term sedimentation in a salt and freshwater tidal marsh,Scheldt estuary,Belgium, SW Netherlands

During a one‐year period temporal and spatial variations in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and deposition were studied on a salt and freshwater tidal marsh in the Scheldt estuary (Belgium, SW Netherlands) using automatic water sampling stations and sediment traps. Temporal variations were found to be controlled by tidal inundation. The initial SSC, measured above the marsh surface at the beginning of inundation events, increases linearly with inundation height at high tide. In accordance with this an exponential relationship is observed between inundation time and sedimentation rates, measured over 25 spring–neap cycles. In addition both SSC and sedimentation rates are higher during winter than during summer for the same inundation height or time. Although spatial differences in vegetation characteristics are large between and within the studied salt and freshwater marsh, they do not affect the spatial sedimentation pattern. Sedimentation rates however strongly decrease with increasing (1) surface elevation, (2) distance from the nearest creek or marsh edge and (3) distance from the marsh edge measured along the nearest creek. Based on these three morphometric parameters, the spatio‐temporal sedimentation pattern can be modelled very well using a single multiple regression model for both the salt and freshwater marsh. A method is presented to compute two‐dimensional sedimentation patterns, based on spatial implementation of this regression model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DESIGN OF SLIT DAMS FOR CONTROLLING STONY DEBRIS FLOWS

1 INTRODUCTION Stony debris flows are natural, highly concentrated water-sediment mixture, which forms wherever the simultaneous availability of water, debris material and an adequate slope, steeper than o10 are satisfied (Gregoretti, 2000). In mountainous regions of Taiwan, due to vast development and utilization of hills, stony debris flows are important from the point of disaster prevention, since they occur frequently and often bring about heavy loss of lives and properties. Therefo…     

Intercomparison of Boron Isotope and Concentration Measurements. Part I: Selection, Preparation and Homogeneity Tests of the Intercomparison Materials

In 1999 the Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse (IGG), with the support of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), undertook the collection, preparation and distribution of eight geological materials intended for a blind interlaboratory comparison of measurements of boron isotopic composition and concentration. The materials came from Italian sources and consist of three natural waters (Mediterranean seawater and two groundwaters) and five rocks and minerals (tourmaline, basalt, obsidian, limestone and clay). The solid materials were crushed, milled and mixed, in preparation for distribution. Extensive assays performed at the IGG on these materials demonstrated that their boron isotopic and chemical compositions are homogeneous.
Additional homogeneity tests were carried out on solid material fragments at the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, with the specific objective of investigating the suitability of some of them for the calibration in situ of micro-analytical techniques. Two materials, B4 (tourmaline) and B6 (obsidian), proved to be isotopically homogeneous and may become excellent references for in situ microanalyses of boron isotopes.
The materials described here were used as the basis of a major laboratory intercomparison study and are now available for further distribution from either the IAEA (solid materials) or the IGG (waters).     

二维水流数学模型区产流、汇流问题的探讨

目前,二维水流数学模型已得到普遍应用,但模型区的产流、汇流问题考虑较少。通过南水北调中线工程总干渠左岸串流区二维水流模拟计算,针对水面区和陆面区不同情况对模型区的产流、汇流问题进行了分析研究,在二维水动力学数学模型的基础上建立了串流区水文、水力学模型,提出了处理模型区产流、汇流问题的一套行之有效的方法。     

O3浓度增加对油菜影响的诊断试验研究

利用OTC-1型农田开顶式气室对油菜进行了不同臭氧浓度200×10-9、100×10-9、50×10-9、未过滤（25×10-9～40×10-9）和过滤掉自然大气的O₃后（约为10×10-9）5个处理的长期接触试验，结果表明:目前大气本底（25×10-9～40×10-9）和50×10-9的低浓度臭氧对油菜有慢性伤害作用。臭氧浓度增加到100×10-9、200×10-9时油菜出现退绿、失水等急性伤害症状。臭氧浓度增加可导致植株矮化，株型缩小，叶片数和叶面积减少，光合速率、生物产量和经济产量下降。试验还表明，正常生长的油菜移入浓度为100×10-9、200×10-9的臭氧环境下，首先受影响的是叶肉和表皮，而此环境下的新生叶片其叶脉将首先扭曲变形。