西藏赛角铜金矿闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和地球化学特征及成矿意义

赛角铜金矿是西藏多龙超大型铜金矿集区的组成矿床之一,目前对其成岩成矿时代、矿床成因等方面的认识程度还很低,制约了对多龙矿集区成矿潜力的全面认识。对赛角闪长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素、全岩主量和微量元素、锆石Hf同位素测试。测得闪长岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为120.5±1.2Ma,该年龄被解释为岩浆结晶年龄。全岩主量和微量元素分析显示,闪长岩为中钾—高钾钙碱性岩石,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素,具有活动大陆边缘弧岩浆岩的特征。锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,锆石εHf(t)值为+5.4~+12.1,平均值为+9.0,二阶段Hf模式年龄为373~743Ma,平均值为545Ma,表现出明显的幔源特征。赛角铜金矿的形成受控于班公湖—怒江洋陆俯冲体系,成岩成矿岩浆是板片流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的基性母岩浆与新生下地壳部分熔融形成的酸性岩浆混合的产物。     

河流离岸排放污染物二维浓度分布特性分析

从河流移流扩散二维简化方程的解析解出发,考虑两岸边界反射作用,通过离岸排放条件下的系列计算实验、浓度图谱绘制、数学归纳和分析整理,提出了以相对离岸距离a'(=排放口离近侧河岸的距离a/河宽B)为自变量的宽阔与中宽河段的分类线x_1.2'方程;提出了断面最大浓度轴线的定义、分段方程以及简化分段条件,给出了最大浓度轴线x轴段与弯曲段的分段线x_e'方程、弯曲段与靠岸段的临界线x_k'方程以及断面最大相对浓度沿程分布的分段简化计算公式,提出了河流中心线和两岸线上相对浓度沿程分布的计算公式,为河流水环境影响预测与评价提供了理论支持.     

Spatial concentration and variability of rainfall in the Iguaçu River Basin,State of Paraná−Brazil

The analysis of rainfall as an environmental factor that influences landscape dynamics is an important and ongoing topic of discussion. This discussion can be centred on the discovery of impacts caused by the increase or decrease in rainfall frequency and intensity. From this perspective, this study sought to analyse the rainfall variability in the Iguaçu River basin, located in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. The main objective was focused on the temporal-spatial rainfall distribution in the study area and its interaction with landscape dynamics (different land uses). Precipitation data for the period 1988−2018 were obtained from the ‘Águas Paraná’ Institute. To calculate the Concentration Index−CI values of the study area, data analysis was performed using the ‘R’ software with Climatol and Precindicon subroutines of the software, and analysis of Landsat 8 satellite images through ArcGIS. The results indicated that there was a well-defined spatial variability in the study area, as the CIs defined higher rainfall concentrations upstream from the river basin and lower rainfall concentrations downstream—implying that these processes may be strongly associated with land use.     

干旱沙区典型人工植被群落下土壤剖面CO_2浓度变化特征及其驱动因子

对人工固沙植被区柠条(Caragana korshinskii)群落和油蒿(Caragana korshinskii)群落下不同深度的土壤气体采样,主要研究和讨论了不同类型人工植被区下土壤CO2浓度的变化特征及土壤温度和土壤水分对其的影响。结果表明:柠条和油蒿群落0~80cm处的土壤空气CO2浓度随着土壤深度的增加而增加,并且在0~40cm,油蒿群落下的土壤CO2浓度值大于柠条,而在40cm以下则相反。其平均值分别为1 229.3μmol·mol-1和1 242.7μmol·mol-1,大于同一深度流沙下土壤CO2浓度值978.9μmol·mol-1。土壤水分与二者的土壤CO2浓度变化趋势在年际尺度上具有一致性,浅层40cm内油蒿群落下的土壤CO2浓度和土壤水分含量的相关性明显大于柠条和流沙。而在40cm以下,则表现为柠条油蒿流沙。土壤温度对土壤CO2浓度的影响程度一般为流沙油蒿柠条,特别是流沙,在表层达到了极显著的水平,之后随着土壤深度的增加而降低。而土壤温度对油蒿和柠条样地土壤CO2浓度的影响较为复杂,呈现出先增加后减小的趋势。在年际尺度上,土壤水分含量是不同植被群落下土壤剖面CO2浓度的关键限制因子,而在日尺度上,土壤温度则为主要限制因子。据粗略估计,在0~80cm内,柠条和油蒿根系呼吸所占的比例约为30.7%和33.3%。     

生物肥部分替代化肥对甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)养分吸收、光合作用以及品质的影响

采用大田试验,研究了化肥减量20%~40%、配施生物肥对春茬甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)生长、养分吸收利用、光合作用以及品质的影响。结果表明:与当地施肥量(底肥:N 139.2kg·hm-2,P2O5255kg·hm-2,K2O 93.6kg·hm-2;追肥:N 208.8kg·hm-2)相比,化肥减量并配施生物肥使甘蓝生长前期、后期的茎粗变小;对甘蓝的叶片数、冠幅投影面积无显著影响;叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率均与对照无显著差异;促进了甘蓝叶球生长,叶球中硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量降低,Vc含量增加;甘蓝叶球、叶片和根系氮含量降低,氮在叶球分配的比例提高,在叶片、根系分配的比例降低。化肥减量并配施生物肥提高了幼苗株高、增加了茎粗,气孔导度和净光合速率升高,降低了硝酸盐和可溶性固形物含量、叶球氮含量和根系的钾含量。     

海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土表面氯离子浓度计算模型

海洋混凝土结构的表面氯离子浓度反映了海洋氯化物环境的腐蚀作用强度,是海洋混凝土结构耐久性分析和定量设计的重要参数。本文依据国内外不同地区的大量自然暴露试验数据,通过数理统计和回归分析,确定了各种海洋环境条件下表面氯离子浓度的统计特征值,分析了海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土中氯离子的传输机理和积聚规律,揭示了水胶比对混凝土表面氯离子浓度的影响规律,进而综合考虑水胶比、胶凝材料种类和时变特性等因素的影响,建立了海洋潮汐浪溅区混凝土表面氯离子浓度的改进计算模型。结合国内外各种表面氯离子浓度经验模型的预测结果和海洋自然暴露试验的实测数据,对比验证了所建立表面氯离子浓度计算模型的有效性和适用性,为海洋氯化物环境下混凝土结构的耐久性设计和服役寿命分析提供了重要边界条件。     

Spatio-temporal distribution of dissolved sulfide in China marginal seas

With sulfide increasingly recognized as an important parameter to assess the oxidation-reduction level in aqueous environment, research on its geochemical behavior is becoming important. Water samples collected in Bohai Sea(1–19 August, 2010), Yellow Sea(20–30 November, 2010) and East China Sea(3–17 June, 2010 and 1–10 November, 2010) were used to determine the occurrence and distribution of dissolved sulfide by methylene blue spectrophotometric method. Results show that:(1) horizontally, concentration of dissolved sulfide significantly varied from the coastal region to the open sea and profoundly influenced by physical processes. High values occurred in the river-sea boundary zone "marginal filter" due to rich riverine input, frequent upwelling and active exchange in shelf edge. Terrestrial input from adjacent rivers and the current cycling contributed to the high sulfide appeared in western Bohai Sea, eastern Shandong Peninsula, and northeast of Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary. Especially, relative higher sulfide values occurred in Yellow Sea, which is consistent with the variation of salinity largely due to the hydrodynamic feature;(2) vertically, measurement of dissolved sulfide in bottom water was higher and more variable than that in surface water caused by the wind-induced resuspension and dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Moreover, nutrient-type profile clearly identified that oxidation plays a major role in the biogeochemistry cycle of sulfide in water;(3) seasonally, investigation for East China Sea in June and November reflected seasonal variation of Changjiang River Diluted Water, Kuroshio Current, and Taiwan Warm Current. Concentration in June was much higher than that sampled in November at most stations. Mean concentration of dissolved sulfide varied seasonally from 2.26 μg/L(June) to 1.16 μg/L(November) in surface and 3.00 μg/L(June) to 1.56 μg/L(November) in bottom. Progress in the field is slow and more effort is needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of determination and estimate the natural or anthropogenic contribution of dissolved sulfide in ecosystems.     

藻体部位、藻质量、碳源、水流对铁钉菜和羊栖菜营养盐吸收的影响

采用实验室生态学研究方法,进行了藻体部位、藻质量、碳源质量浓度及水流流速对铁钉菜(Ishige foliaceaokamurai)和羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)氮磷营养盐吸收影响的研究。结果表明:2种大型海藻不同部位对营养盐的吸收速率不同,铁钉菜下部的吸收速率最大,其次是固着器;羊栖菜顶部的吸收速率最大,其次是中部。铁钉菜藻质量1.0g的吸收速率最大,其次是1.5g;羊栖菜藻质量0.5 g的吸收速率最大,其次是1.0g;2种藻类2.0g和2.5g的吸收速率相差不多。碳源质量浓度为1200mg/L时,铁钉菜的吸收速率最大,其次是碳源800mg/L;碳源质量浓度为800mg/L时,羊栖菜的吸收速率最大,其次是碳源400mg/L;2种海藻对照组的吸收速率均相对较低。相同流速下,2种海藻均以PO4-P对照组的吸收速率最大;NO3-N、NH4-N吸收速率在流速为50cm/s时最大。     

长江口深水航道三期工程后北槽洪枯季水沙运动特征研究

利用长江口深水航道三期整治工程前后,北槽洪枯季各测点水沙资料初步探讨了北槽洪枯季水沙运动特征。研究结果表明,北槽洪枯季潮周期平均含沙量分布自上而下总体呈"低-高-低"的分布态势,中段含沙量较高。洪季北槽各测点潮周期平均含沙量与潮周期平均流速相关性较差,北槽泥沙输运以平流输移为主。枯季两者相关较好,北槽泥沙运动则以起悬输运为主。北槽悬沙输运主要以欧拉输运为主,洪季北槽悬沙净输运率要明显大于枯季。洪季北槽中段潮泵及垂向环流作用最为明显,枯季,除北槽上段外,潮泵及垂向环流作用较小,水沙输运方向较为相近。造成洪季北槽中段潮泵作用及垂向环流输沙较大的原因是由于北槽中段滩槽泥沙交换频繁,涨潮流经南槽拦门沙及九段沙滩面后,挟带一定高含沙水体进入北槽,进而造成北槽中段潮泵及垂向环流输沙明显。     

Distribution of dissolved oxygen and causes of maximum concentration in the Bering Sea in July 2010

According to data obtained in the Bering Sea during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, the distribution of dissolved oxygen(DO) was studied, causes of its maximum concentration were discussed, and the relationships between DO and other parameters, such as salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll a were analyzed. The results showed DO concentration ranged from 0.53 to 12.05 mg/L in the Bering Sea basin. The upper waters contained high concentrations and the maximum occurred at the depth range from 20 to 50 m. The DO concentration decreased rapidly when the depth was deeper than 200 m and reached the minimum at the depth range from 500 to 1 000 m, and then increased slowly with the depth increasing but still kept at a low level. On the shelf, the DO concentration ranged from 6.53 to 16.63 mg/L with a mean value of 10.75 mg/L, and showed a characteristic of decreasing from north to south. The DO concentration was higher in the area between the Bering Sea and Lawrence Island and was lower in the southeast and southwest of Lawrence Island at the latitude of 62°N. The formation of maximum DO concentration was concerned with phytoplankton photosynthesis and formation of the themocline. To the south of Sta. B07 in the Bering Sea basin, the oxygen produced by photosynthesis permeated to the deeper water and the themocline made it difficult to exchange vertically, and to the north of Sta. B07, the maximum DO concentration occurred above the themocline due to phytoplankton activities. On the shelf, the oxygen produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis gathered at the bottom of the thermocline and formed the DO maximum concentration. In the Bering Sea basin, the DO and salinity showed a weak negative correlation(r=0.40) when the salinity was lower than 33.1, a significant negative correlation(r=0.92) when the salinity ranged from 33.1 to 33.7, and an irregular reversed parabola(r=0.95) when the salinity was greater than 33.7.