斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地生境质量时空变化及分异特征

斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地是全球重要的亚洲象保护区,象群分布密度约为其他地区的10倍,但由于生境破碎与丧失以及人象冲突等原因导致亚洲象数量急剧下降.对斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地的生境质量监测与评估能够为亚洲象及其栖息地的保护政策制定与规划提供理论依据,并在全球物种多样性保护中具有重要意义.为评估斯里兰卡亚洲象栖息地的生境质量,综合...     

云南省9种优先保护物种适生区评价

针对云南省因土地利用结构变化,自然环境遭到破坏,导致许多物种极度濒危甚至灭绝、生物多样性遭到严重破坏的问题,本文利用最大熵模型（MaxEnt）对云南9种特色优先保护物种进行了环境适宜性分析。首先以资源环境承载力及国土空间开发适宜性为基础,筛选出具有云南特色的9个优先保护物种,然后对各物种的最优生存环境进行了预测。研究结果表明,云南省9种优先保护物种现存分布区总计0.21万km²。经最大熵模型（MaxEnt）预测可知,最优适生分布区可达5.45万km²,是现存分布区的25倍。     

β-diversity Patterns of Plant Community in Fragmented Habitat in a Degenerated Meadow in Songnen Plain, China

A number of isolated islands of Leymus chinensis + herbosa community were investigated in fragmented habitat islands, by Braun-Blanquet field survey approach, in a degenerated meadow in the Songnen Plain, China in 2007. These islands were classified as large, medium, and small scales on the basis of the island area (100–1000m², large island; 50–100m², middle island; 10–50m², small island). Each scale of the investigation involved eight islands. The responses of β-diversity patterns of plant taxon to the habitat fragmentation at local community and metacommunity levels were analyzed on different scales of 24 isolated islands. The results indicated that at the local community level, there were 57 species belonging to 20 families and 49 genera in large islands, 49 species belonging to 16 families and 40 genera in middle islands, and 27 species belonging to eight families and 23 genera in small islands. β-diversity indexes for species, genus and family in large, middle, and small islands varied greatly, and the highest value of the indexes was not noted in the largest island. However, the average of the data obtained at the three scales showed that across large islands, Whittaker indexes were low and Bray-Curtis similarity indexes were high, while across small islands, Whittaker indexes were high and Bray-Curtis similarity indexes were low. At the metacommunity level, Whittaker indexes for species and genus showed a great significantly negative double logarithmic correlation (p<0.01) with the island area, whereas the Bray-Curtis indexes for species, genus and family showed a great significantly positive double logarithmic correlation (p<0.01) with the island area. At both local community and metacommunity levels, turnovers of species and genus could respond more sensitively to spatial changes of plant diversity patterns than that of family. Hence, the species and the genus could be used for the analysis of β-diversity patterns of plant community.     

含矿区小流域生境质量评估方法——以宝兴河流域锅巴岩矿山为例

为了探究小流域背景下的地质工程活动对生境质量的影响评估方法,文章以宝兴河流域为例,利用遥感技术对流域内的重点工程锅巴岩矿山的土地利用变化情况进行了信息提取,并采用InVEST模型定量评估了生境质量.结果表明:锅巴岩矿山的土地利用类型主要由林地向裸地转变,林地面积占比减少15.11％,裸地的面积占比增加12.30％;锅巴...     

适宜生态流量计算方法研究

从河流生态系统的特征出发,提出了以鱼类生境法和鱼类生物量计算适宜生态流量的途径。采用鱼类生境法和鱼类生物量法,对松花江流域的适宜生态需水开展应用研究。结果表明,两种方法计算的结果基本一致。在一般情况下,鱼类生境法和鱼类生物量方法可以互相验证,二者计算成果相差3%以下。在没有回水顶托的影响下,鱼类生境法适用于不同尺度的河流。而鱼类生物量方法,一般适用于较大的平原型河流,对于较小的山区河流,该方法需慎重使用。     

Stream response to subsidence from underground coal mining in central Utah

 Short-term geomorphic and hydrologic effects of subsidence induced by longwall mining under Burnout Creek, Utah were evaluated. During the year after longwall mining, 0.3–1.5 m of subsidence was measured near impacted reaches of the mountain stream channel. The major channel changes that occurred in a 700-m reach of Burnout Creek that was subsided from 1992 to 1993 were: (1) increase in lengths of cascades and to a lesser extent glides; (2) increases in pool length, numbers and volumes; (3) increase in median particle diameter of bed sediment in pools; and (4) some constriction in channel geometry. Most of the changes appeared short-lived, with channel recovery approaching pre-mining conditions by 1994. In a 300-m reach of the South Fork that was subsided from 1993 to 1994, only channel constriction was observed, although any impacts on pool morphology may have been confounded by heavy grazing in the riparian reaches during the dry summer of 1994. Similar near-channel sedimentation and loss of pool volume between 1993 and 1994 were noted throughout Burnout Creek and in adjacent, unmined James Creek. Subsidence during the 3-year period had no effect on baseflows or near-channel landslides. Received: 10 April 1998 · Accepted: 21 September 1998     

Habitat changes in coastal wetlands associated to hydrological changes in the watershed

In recent decades wetlands associated with the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain) have undergone several hydrological and biological changes as a consequence of increased water inputs from agricultural drainage off the watershed. Changes in the vegetal communities were studied by means of supervised classification of Landsat images, and TM and ETM+ sensors during the period 1984–2000, and a series of land cover maps was created. Changes in the wetland area during this period were analysed and a good fit was found with the total area of irrigated lands in the watershed. The series of land cover maps also allowed the study of the internal composition of the vegetal communities in each wetland. Important changes were detected, with an expansion of reedbeds and a significant reduction in the area occupied by priority habitats according to the Habitats Directive.     

Subdivision of Permian Fossil Communities and Habitat Types in Northeast Sichuan, South China

Recent achievement in hydrocarbon exploration In Northeast Sichuan (四川) demonstrated that Permian calcareous and argillaceous deposits are the major contributing source rocks. Reevaluation on the hydrocarbon potential of the Permian strata over the whole Yangtze region is thus to be desired. A comprehensive corroboration was carried out at the Shangsi (上寺) Section, Guangyuan (广元), Northeast Sichuan, which is believed to be another promising area in South China. This article deals with the ecological and depositionai conditions of the Permian strata in the section, including the Chihsla, Maokou (茅口), Wujiaping (吴家坪), and Dalong (大隆) formations, which share some similarities with those occurring in the broad Yangtze carbonate platforms. Five fossil communities of Mizzia-Permocalculus, Hayasakaia, Inozoan, Ostracod, and Crinoid were identified in the Yangtze region and described in detail including their components and occurrence. On the basis of the fossil communities and depositional features, 23 habitat types, mainly occurring from inner to outer shelves, were recognized at the Shangsi Section in order to reconstruct the depositional conditions and accordingly to evaluate the paleoproductivity. In addition, the subdivision of Chihsia Formation in the section was revised, which would be of significance for the reconstruction of the Chihsian paleogeography in the study area.