AP1000核电厂模型基底隔震振动台试验研究

为研究AP1000核电厂基底隔震性能,设计了缩尺比为1/40的AP1000核电厂模型结构,进行了AP1000核电厂模型基底隔震振动台试验。试验中采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座进行隔震,并选取RG1.60人工波、El Centro波和Kobe波作为地震动输入。本文从加速度响应、楼层加速度反应谱、加速度峰值放大系数、减震率等方面对隔震与非隔震核电厂结构的地震响应特性进行了研究。试验结果表明:隔震能明显减小上部结构水平向加速度响应和加速度反应谱峰值,而在隔震频率处隔震模型加速度反应谱有所增加;隔震模型由于摇摆效应在隔震频率处的水平向楼层加速度反应谱随楼层高度的升高先减小后增大;在三向输入地震动作用下,隔震和非隔震AP1000模型各楼层在竖向基频附近的竖向加速度反应谱较竖向输入的地震动放大较为明显。     

Riparian land use and stream habitat regulate water quality

Riparian land use is a key driver of stream ecosystem processes but its effects on water quality are still a matter of debate when proposing measures to improve freshwater quality. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of riparian land use on stream habitat and water chemistry, and to assess in what extent stream habitat also affects water quality. To that end, we selected eight reaches in the Ave River basin (northwestern Portugal) and compared longitudinal variations in water chemistry and stream habitat between reaches with different land use (urban, agricultural and natural), and between reaches with natural riparian areas and different habitats. Stream habitat was assessed using the Fluvial Functional Index, the HABSCORE, and the Riparian Forest Quality Index. Longitudinal variations in water chemistry were determined measuring differences in concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and oxygen, and conductivity, pH and temperature between the downstream and the upstream ends of each reach. Nitrate concentration tended to decrease along reaches with more natural riparian areas and to increase along reaches with more urban and agricultural land uses. Longitudinal variations in water chemistry also differed between reaches with natural riparian areas, suggesting that water quality also depends on stream habitat. Moreover, longitudinal variation in water chemistry was proven a simple, useful and low-cost approach to assess the influence of land cover and stream habitat on water quality. Overall results demonstrated that both riparian land use and stream habitat influence water quality and that riparian forests are essential to reduce nutrient export to downstream ecosystems.     

辽宁核电厂东岗断裂的能动性研究

东岗断裂的能动性问题争议较大 ,在前人研究成果的基础上 ,结合区域构造应力场模拟计算结果 ,对东岗断裂的能动性问题进行研究 ,认为断裂西端存在明显的应力集中现象 ,东岗断裂为能动断层 ,不会对温坨子厂址稳定性构成威胁。     

金川超镁铁质岩体矿物化学特征及矿物地质温度计、压力计研究

根据金川超镁铁质岩体主要造岩矿物和副矿物的共生组合关系及各种矿物的化学成分特点；选用５种较成熟、使用较方便的矿物地质温度计、压力计（主要是辉石温压计和角闪石压力计），对岩体形成的温、压条件进行了估算，其结果为：成岩温度为１０００～１３００℃（上限可到１４００～１５００℃），成岩压力约为５×１０￣８～１１×１０￣８ｐａ。金川超镁铁质岩体的主要岩石类型为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩，这一岩石类型在复杂体系相关系图中的稳定区域大致处于５×ｌ０￣８～１５×１０￣８ｐａ的范围，这与矿物温压计估算的成岩温压条件是一致的。     

中国庐山晚第四纪沉积岩系的石英形貌显微结构及环境过程

基于庐山山地晚第四纪地层典型断面的系统调查,从地层剖面层序中筛选的微粒(θ=1～3mm)石英颗粒进行环境电子显微镜观测研究,辨认出显微结构-颗粒形态-变形构造-动力化学作用等特征,运用系统过程发展中的节点事件进行层型剖面的环境响应分析,采取综合指标表征地球表层过程及环境响应情景,明确划分出四个古气候环境发展阶段,由下往上分别表现为冰期环境-间冰期环境-冰缘环境-冰后期环境,为深入研究及科学认识庐山第四纪环境演化过程及全球变化提供了新的基础依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块上三叠统延长组砂岩中绿泥石矿物特征

本文对鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块上三叠统延长组长8油层组砂岩中绿泥石矿物的类型、赋存状态、形成时间、晶体化学特征及成因机制进行了较为系统的研究.结果表明研究区的绿泥石以铁镁绿泥石和铁斜绿泥石为主,包括陆源碎屑绿泥石、自生绿泥石和蚀变绿泥石3种,自生绿泥石又包括颗粒包膜、孔隙衬里和孔隙充填绿泥石3种,以孔隙衬里绿泥石为主,形成...     

滇中腊梅铁矿床磁铁矿地球化学特征及其指示意义

滇中腊梅铁矿床位于西南“三江”地区金沙江-哀牢山-红河富碱斑岩带中段,其矿化类型不明,成矿机制和资源潜力不清,制约了该区找矿勘查的深入研究。本次研究工作在详细的地质调查基础上,根据矿(化)体产出特征,将磁铁矿划分为正长斑岩内的豆状-星点状磁铁矿(Ⅰ-Mag)、透辉石角岩内浸染状-团块状磁铁矿(Ⅱ-Mag)和层间破碎带内脉状及囊状充填型磁铁矿(Ⅲ-Mag)3种类型。通过LA-ICP-MS原位微区成分对比,发现3类磁铁矿总体富集Ti、Mn、V、Mg、Zn及Ni,贫Sn、Ga及Sc等元素,并且从Ⅰ-Mag→Ⅱ-Mag→Ⅲ-Mag, Mg、V、Zn含量及Ni/Cr值逐渐增加,Cr、Sn及REE含量逐渐降低,反映3类磁铁矿具有从岩浆成因向热液成因演化的特征。结合Ni/(Cr+Mn)-(Ti+V)、(Al+Mn)-(Ti+V)图解及磁铁矿矿相学特征,认为该矿床属于接触交代热液型铁矿床,其成矿物质来源与富碱斑岩密切相关。3类磁铁矿形成温度约300～500℃,Ⅰ-Mag→Ⅱ-Mag→Ⅲ-Mag的氧逸度有逐渐降低的趋势。地球化学特征及成矿温度、氧逸度等信息指示,腊梅铁矿床深部具斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿潜...     

Global Correlations of Ocean Ridge Basalt Chemistry with Axial Depth: a New Perspective

The petrological parameters Na₈ and Fe₈, which are Na₂O andFeO contents in mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) melts correctedfor fractionation effects to MgO = 8 wt%, have been widely usedas indicators of the extent and pressure of mantle melting beneathocean ridges. We find that these parameters are unreliable.Fe₈ is used to compute the mantle solidus depth (P_o) and temperature(T_o), and it is the values and range of Fe₈ that have led tothe notion that mantle potential temperature variation of T_P= 250 K is required to explain the global ocean ridge systematics.This interpreted T_P = 250 K range applies to ocean ridges awayfrom ‘hotspots’. We find no convincing evidencethat calculated values for P_o, T_o, and T_P using Fe₈ have anysignificance. We correct for fractionation effect to Mg^# = 0·72,which reveals mostly signals of mantle processes because meltswith Mg^# = 0·72 are in equilibrium with mantle olivineof Fo_89·6 (vs evolved olivine of Fo_{88·1–79·6}in equilibrium with melts of Fe₈). To reveal first-order MORBchemical systematics as a function of ridge axial depth, weaverage out possible effects of spreading rate variation, local-scalemantle source heterogeneity, melting region geometry variation,and dynamic topography on regional and segment scales by usingactual sample depths, regardless of geographical location, withineach of 22 ridge depth intervals of 250 m on a global scale.These depth-interval averages give Fe₇₂ = 7·5–8·5,which would give T_P = 41 K (vs 250 K based on Fe₈) beneathglobal ocean ridges. The lack of Fe₇₂–Si₇₂ and Si₇₂–ridgedepth correlations provides no evidence that MORB melts preservepressure signatures as a function of ridge axial depth. We thusfind no convincing evidence for T_P > 50 K beneath globalocean ridges. The averages have also revealed significantcorrelations of MORB chemistry (e.g. Ti₇₂, Al₇₂, Fe₇₂,Mg₇₂, Ca₇₂, Na₇₂ and Ca₇₂/Al₇₂) with ridge axial depth. Thechemistry–depth correlation points to an intrinsic linkbetween the two. That is, the 5 km global ridge axial reliefand MORB chemistry both result from a common cause: subsolidusmantle compositional variation (vs T_P), which determines themineralogy, lithology and density variations that (1) isostaticallycompensate the 5 km ocean ridge relief and (2) determine thefirst-order MORB compositional variation on a global scale.A progressively more enriched (or less depleted) fertileperidotite source (i.e. high Al₂O₃ and Na₂O, and low CaO/Al₂O₃)beneath deep ridges ensures a greater amount of modal garnet(high Al₂O₃) and higher jadeite/diopside ratios in clinopyroxene(high Na₂O and Al₂O₃, and lower CaO), making a denser mantle,and thus deeper ridges. The dense fertile mantle beneath deepridges retards the rate and restricts the amplitude of the upwelling,reduces the rate and extent of decompression melting, givesway to conductive cooling to a deep level, forces melting tostop at such a deep level, leads to a short melting column,and thus produces less melt and probably a thin magmatic crustrelative to the less dense (more refractory) fertile mantlebeneath shallow ridges. Compositions of primitive MORB meltsresult from the combination of two different, but geneticallyrelated processes: (1) mantle source inheritance and (2) meltingprocess enhancement. The subsolidus mantle compositional variationneeded to explain MORB chemistry and ridge axial depth variationrequires a deep isostatic compensation depth, probably in thetransition zone. Therefore, although ocean ridges are of shalloworigin, their working is largely controlled by deep processesas well as the effect of plate spreading rate variation at shallowlevels. KEY WORDS: mid-ocean ridges; mantle melting; magma differentiation; petrogenesis; MORB chemistry variation; ridge depth variation; global correlations; mantle compositional variation; mantle source density variation; mantle potential temperature variation; isostatic compensation     

氨基氰在高温高压水流体中反应化学的实验研究

氨基氰在水热环境,尤其在超临界水中的反应化学实验结果表明,氨基氰可以通过自聚合作用,生成较高分子量的氮杂环混合物,进而水解并最终转化成ＣＯ２和ＮＨ３。实验还证明,超临界水可以有效地破坏那睦含有危险的或剧毒的有机资料,使之转化成无毒无在的Ｈ２Ｏ,ＣＯ２,ＮＨ３和无机盐等,根据实验结果,提出水解反应的可能机制是水的亲核加合。     

金矿床石英中负价氮的发现及赋存状态探讨

利用ｘ光电子能谱测试，发现金矿床石英中有负价氮的存在。这种氮的结合能为３９８ｅＶ士，该结合能氮的化合物有多种，氦均为负价态，其中有Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４Ｓｉ的ｘ光电子能谱有二个谱峰值：１０３．４ｅＶ和１０１．９ｅＶ，前者为ｓｉＯ＿２的结合能，后者为Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４的结合能。Ｎ和Ｓｉ的结合能均表明石英中有Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４为负三价态。石英中负价Ｎ可能为替代氧的类质同象成分。