考虑起始坡降双层地基的大应变非线性固结

天然软土成层分布特性及土中渗流存在起始水力坡降的现象已被人们熟知。但变荷载下能同时考虑黏土中起始水力坡降、软土非线性压缩渗透特性及大应变特性的双层地基固结理论还鲜见报道。在拉格朗日坐标系中建立以超静孔压为变量的双层软土地基大应变非线性固结模型并给出其有限差分解。通过与考虑起始水力坡降的单层地基大应变非线性固结数值计算结果对比,验证了差分解的可靠性。着重分析了上、下土层起始坡降无量纲参数R1、R2对双层地基固结性状的影响,分析在大应变与小应变假定下双层地基超静孔压消散及固结沉降变形的异同。结果表明：上层土无量纲参数R1对双层地基固结性状的影响程度较下层土无量纲参数R2显著;大应变假定下双层地基渗流前锋的下移速度要快于小应变假定下的移动速度;大应变假定下考虑起始水力坡降的双层软土地基超静孔压消散速率要比小应变假定下快,且大应变假定下考虑起始水力坡降的双层地基最终沉降量要比小应变假定下大。     

基于有限杆单元法的陡坡基桩非线性分析

根据陡坡段桥梁基桩承载特性,提出了一种可考虑桩土非线性作用的基桩内力与位移分析有限杆单元方法。首先,基于单元划分结果,结合桩侧摩阻力和坡体侧向推力的分布规律,得到了相应的等效结点荷载向量表示方法;其次,在线弹性地基反力法的基础上,引入p-y曲线开展了桩周土抗力非线性分析,并结合桩身P-?效应（P为桩顶轴向荷载,?为桩顶水平位移）计算方法给出了单元刚度矩阵修正方法,进而提出了适用于基桩内力位移非线性分析的有限杆单元法并编制了MATLAB计算程序;最后,结合某工程实例,将计算结果与工程实测值及已有理论值进行对比。结果表明：考虑桩土非线性作用的计算方法是合理的;当桩身具有自由段时,P-?效应对基桩内力位移的影响较大,在实际工程设计中不可忽视。     

南海北部表层颗粒有机碳的季节和年际变化遥感分析

海洋颗粒有机碳（POC）是海洋固碳的一个关键参数。为了研究南海北部陆架及海盆表层POC浓度的时空分布特征以及变化趋势,本文利用2009-2011年4个季节的实测数据,对NASA发布的MODIS/AQUA卫星月平均POC遥感产品,进行了验证和校正;并利用校正后的遥感数据分析了2003-2014年POC的时空分布特征和变化趋势。发现POC遥感产品与南海北部实测数据具有较好的线性关系（R2=0.72）,但存在系统性偏高,需利用实测数据对遥感数据进行区域性校正。分析校正后的遥感数据发现,南海北部陆架POC浓度较高,平均为（33.34±8.02）mg/m3;吕宋海峡西南海域浓度较低,平均为（29.25±6.20）mg/m3;中央海盆区浓度最低,平均为（27.02±4.84）mg/m3。春夏季POC浓度较低,最低值一般出现在5月,冬季（12月至翌年1月）POC浓度达到最高。利用2003-2014年的长时间序列遥感叶绿素（Chl a）和海表温度（SST）、混合层深度（MLD）模式数据,以及实测数据对南海北部POC浓度的影响机制进行了分析。发现POC与Chl a在秋冬呈现较好的相关关系（R2=0.51）,但在春夏季较离散,表明秋冬季生物作用对POC影响较大。2003-2014年期间,POC与Chl a、MLD及SST存在明显的年际变化,但并没有显著的上升或下降趋势。     

沿岸流非线性不稳定特征数值研究

当不稳定剪切波的波幅达到有限幅值之后,需要用非线性不稳定模型来分析沿岸流不稳定运动特征。本文通过建立并验证沿岸流非线性不稳定数学模型,在讨论该模型参数对沿岸流不稳定影响的基础上,率定实验中的模型参数并利用该数学模型模拟了实验中沿岸流不稳定的发展过程及其特征,主要结论有:（1）底摩擦系数越小,侧混系数越小,不稳定发生的时间越早,不稳定的波动幅值越大;（2）沿岸流非线性不稳定演化可能出现的5个阶段（线性阶段、倍周期阶段、大周期阶段、波群阶段以及不规则阶段）,实验中出现的沿岸流通常处于线性阶段或非线性倍周期阶段,倍周期阶段的涡旋是由线性阶段的涡旋发生追赶、配对直至合并产生的。涡旋配对以碰撞的形式发生,大部分能量转移至追踪波,然后以较慢的涡旋速度沿岸传播。     

江苏近海风暴潮增水数值模拟研究

为研究江苏近海海域风暴潮的特性以及为该海域风暴潮增水变化机理及后报做铺垫,本文基于FVCOM(Finite Volume Coast and Ocean Model)海洋模式和Jelesnianski圆形台风风场模型,建立了江苏近海风暴潮数值模型,并对江苏近海的天文潮以及1109号台风和1210号台风引起的风暴潮进行模拟。结合验潮站水位观测,研究了连云港站和吕泗站的天文潮和风暴潮增水过程。我们将风暴潮与天文潮非线性作用下的风暴潮增水和纯风暴潮增水过程进行对比,讨论了天文潮与1109号和1210号台风风暴潮之间的非线性作用引起的增水特征。结果均表明,在天文潮高潮时,天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用可以抑制增水,在天文潮低潮时,天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用有利于增水。除了气象因子以及天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用外,该海区的地理环境也对台风风暴潮增水产生影响。因此对江苏近海的海岸线变化和浅滩地形变化进行敏感性试验,结果表明,本文所设计的海岸线变化对该海域的风暴潮增水影响较小,江苏沿海岸线的向外推移使得江苏海域风暴潮的增水略微上涨,而本文所设计的地形的变化对风暴潮增水影响较大。     

Anchor loads in taut moorings: The impact of inverse catenary shakedown

Taut mooring systems have become prospective alternatives for the station keeping of offshore floating facilities in deep water. The associated embedded anchors cause a part of the mooring line to be buried in the seabed − the inverse catenary − which introduces a requirement to predict the load and uplift angle at the padeye, where the chain is connected to the anchor. The padeye load and angle depend on the shape and tension profile of the inverse catenary, which must be assessed in the mooring system design. The dynamic interaction between the embedded chain and the soil in the inverse catenary is not usually considered in this analysis. Instead, the inverse catenary is assessed statically, albeit potentially using cyclically-degraded soil strength parameters. The present study employs the lumped mass method to simulate the dynamic response of mooring lines under different imposed oscillations at the fairlead, where the chain is connected to the floating facility. A new chain-soil interaction model, which includes hysteresis effects associated with irrecoverable relative chain-soil displacement is calibrated by experimental results. Simulations of cyclic vessel motion are then performed, and the resulting chain-seabed interaction is observed. During constant-amplitude vessel motion cycles, the load angle at the padeye significantly decreases due to progressive ratcheting or ‘shakedown’ of the inverse catenary from the initial static profile towards a straighter profile. This effect is due to the hysteretic soil response and creates a less onerous loading condition for the anchor which may be beneficial, but is conventionally overlooked in design. At the end of the present study, an elastic bound method is proposed to estimate the profile of the inverse catenary after shakedown. A parametric study illustrates the performance of this simple method for predicting the steady state condition.     

天津海域围填海工程对渤海湾水交换的影响研究

利用三维海洋数值模型FVCOM,进行渤海湾三维水动力和水交换数值模拟,经实测潮汐和潮流资料验证,模型模拟结果较好。然后采用该模型对渤海湾内的水体水交换能力进行定量研究。研究结果表明,在天津海域进行围填海工程之前渤海湾水体的半交换周期为300 d左右,围填海之后,水体半交换周期延长25 d,渤海湾西部水体的水交换率下降可达10%,半交换周期延长92 d。尤其是天津沿海南部海域的水交换能力下降严重,围填海之后其水体半交换周期延长可达200 d。渤海湾北部也有部分海域水交换周期延长达200 d。建议在进行围填海工程建设时,应将工程对水体交换能力的影响纳入考虑,避免因围填海工程因素造成的恶劣环境影响。     

J-lay铺管作业力学分析

目前J-lay铺管法作为深水和超深水铺管的最适用方法广泛应用于深海油气开发。考虑J-lay铺管时管道几何非线性特征以及触地区边界效应,将J-lay铺管模型划分三构件进行力学分析:悬浮段、边界层段以及触地段。建立Orca Flex模型和引入Wang改进二构件模型,通过对比上述三种方法计算J-lay相应构型、轴力、弯矩和剪力分布,验证该三构件模型的可行性和考虑边界效应的必要性。基于Lamé公式计算管道横截面处轴向、径向以及环向应力,对比分析J-lay铺设管道应力分布特征。结果表明:该改进三构件模型能真实有效地模拟J-lay铺管过程中管道受力情况,特别是触地点附近弯矩和剪力变化情况,能为管道疲劳损伤分析提供理论基础。     

Prediction of Height and Period Joint Distributions for Stochastic Ocean Waves

This article proposes a new methodology to predict the wave height and period joint distributions by utilizing a transformed linear simulation method. The proposed transformed linear simulation method is based on a Hermite transformation model where the transformation is chosen to be a monotonic cubic polynomial, calibrated such that the first four moments of the transformed model match the moments of the true process. The proposed new approach is applied for calculating the wave height and period joint distributions of a sea state with the surface elevation data measured at an offshore site, and its accuracy and efficiency are favorably validated by using comparisons with the results from an empirical joint distribution model, from a linear simulation model and from a second-order nonlinear simulation model.     

Vertical dynamic impedance of pile considering the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil

A new analytical model is presented to analyze the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil on the vertical dynamic impedance of the pile. The surrounding soil of the pile is modeled by using the plane strain model and the pile is simulated by using one-dimensional elastic theory. Finite soil layers below the pile end are modeled as conical fictitious soil pile with stress diffusion angle which reflects the dynamic stress diffusion effect of pile end soil. By means of the Laplace transform and impedance function transfer method, the analytical solution of the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head in frequency domain is yielded. Then, a comparison with other models is performed to verify the conical fictitious soil pile model. Finally, based on the proposed solution, the selected numerical results are compared to analyze the influence of dynamic stress diffusion effect for different design parameters of the soil-pile system on the vertical dynamic impedance at the pile head.