ȫ���������ģ�;���Ӱ�����ط���

??2012??1???????????????????г??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????к?????????????????????????????????--??????????????????????????????     

Assessing integration of intensity,polarimetric scattering,interferometric coherence and spatial texture metrics in PALSAR-derived land cover classification

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important alternative to optical remote sensing due to its ability to acquire data regardless of weather conditions and day/night cycle. The Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) provided new opportunities for vegetation and land cover mapping. Most previous studies employing PALSAR investigated the use of one or two feature types (e.g. intensity, coherence); however, little effort has been devoted to assessing the simultaneous integration of multiple types of features. In this study, we bridged this gap by evaluating the potential of using numerous metrics expressing four feature types: intensity, polarimetric scattering, interferometric coherence and spatial texture. Our case study was conducted in Central New York State, USA using multitemporal PALSAR imagery from 2010. The land cover classification implemented an ensemble learning algorithm, namely random forest. Accuracies of each classified map produced from different combinations of features were assessed on a pixel-by-pixel basis using validation data obtained from a stratified random sample. Among the different combinations of feature types evaluated, intensity was the most indispensable because intensity was included in all of the highest accuracy scenarios. However, relative to using only intensity metrics, combining all four feature types increased overall accuracy by 7%. Producer’s and user’s accuracies of the four vegetation classes improved considerably for the best performing combination of features when compared to classifications using only a single feature type.     

浅层钻探技术在海南某矿区化探取样中的应用研究

主要介绍了浅层钻探技术（包含浅层钻探设备和工艺方法）在海南某矿区的化探取样中的应用。针对该矿区遇到的问题,给出了解决方案。阐述了浅层钻探技术代替槽探、坑探在某些地区的先进性和必要性。最后提出了浅层钻探技术进一步研究的建议。     

空气反循环连续取样施工中卡钻事故的预防与处理

利用空气反循环连续取样钻进技术,在露天矿山进行生产勘探施工,对所遇到的卡钻问题进行原因分析,确定了相应的操作规程,以便预防卡钻事故的发生,并通过施工辅助孔和套铣技术,在处理卡钻事故方面取得了很好的效果。     

我国海洋钻探技术

介绍了中国海洋钻探的主要技术方法,其内容包括：中国大洋钻探、南海天然气水合物钻探、深海矿产钻探、深水工程钻探。对每种钻探技术进行了描述,为海洋钻探提供部分技术支持。     

岩土工程勘察外业工作的技术与措施

从工程实际出发,对岩土工程勘察中钻探、取样、野外地质编录和水文地质观测工作进行了归纳总结,并阐述了岩土工程勘察外业工作的重要性。     

基于试验的模拟月壤表层取样理论修正及其应用

月球探测对于我国各方面综合实力的提升均具有巨大的推动作用。当前我国各研发机构对月球采样的研发重点集中于采样机具的设计制造上,对采样机具和月壤之间相互作用却研究较少。与地球土壤相比,月壤的形成环境与条件完全不同,从而造就了其较为特殊的物理力学性质。在利用与真实月壤类似的模拟月壤进行的薄壁圆筒贯入试验中,发现存在月壤滞留和月壤附壁现象,从而分析得出在采样机具表面与月壤相互作用的理论分析中,除了传统的摩擦力理论外,还可通过最大抗剪强度进行分析。通过对试验现象和数据对比摩擦力理论和最大抗剪强度理论发现,最大抗剪强度理论更加符合实际情况。故将最大抗剪强度理论引入已有的月球螺旋钻进采样的理论模型中,通过计算得出基于最大抗剪强度理论计算的螺旋临界转速低于基于摩擦力理论计算的临界转速,在一定程度上能够降低采样机具的能耗。     

Time-Expanded Sampling Approach for Ensemble Kalman Filter:Experiment Assimilation of Simulated Soundings

In the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation-prediction system, most of the computation time is spent on the prediction runs of ensemble members. A limited or small ensemble size does reduce the computational cost, but an excessively small ensemble size usually leads to filter divergence, especially when there are model errors. In order to improve the efficiency of the EnKF data assimilation-prediction system and prevent it against filter divergence, a time-expanded sampling approach for EnKF based on the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model is used to assimilate simulated sounding data. The approach samples a series of perturbed state vectors from Nb member prediction runs not only at the analysis time (as the conventional approach does) but also at equally separated time levels (time interval is △t) before and after the analysis time with M times. All the above sampled state vectors are used to construct the ensemble and compute the background covariance for the analysis, so the ensemble size is increased from Nb to Nb+2M￡Nb=(1+2M)×Nb) without increasing the number of prediction runs (it is still Nb). This reduces the computational cost. A series of experiments are conducted to investigate the impact of △t (the time interval of time-expanded sampling) and M (the maximum sampling times) on the analysis. The results show that if △t and M are properly selected, the time-expanded sampling approach achieves the similar effect to that from the conventional approach with an ensemble size of (1+2M)×Nb, but the number of prediction runs is greatly reduced.     

数字滤波技术在射电天文测量中的应用

随着数字技术的发展，数字信号处理芯片的速度越来越快，这为高速数字滤波的实时实现提供了可能。简要阐述了数字滤波的原理，并对两种数字滤波的实现方法进行了分析；给出了数字滤波较模拟滤波的优势；介绍了数字滤波在射电天文测量中的各种应用。     

Y/JTG-1下架式陀螺全站仪快速定向

快速精确定向是现代陀螺定向测量的重要研究方向。本文利用下架式陀螺全站仪跟踪测量法精确测定了仪器分划板格值τ和悬带零位系数λ两个重要参数,从而使悬带零位改正更加可靠。并基于下架式陀螺全站仪跟踪测量法进一步提出采用连续采样跟踪法实现快速定向。利用跟踪一个周期的数据进行定向测量,耗时仅需12min左右,定向精度与积分法相当。