广东徐闻西部沿岸海区"珊瑚类"的物种及其分布

广东省徐闻西部沿岸海区的珊瑚资源状况基本查清，发现分布的珊瑚共计2目17科49种．其中石珊瑚11科35种，软珊瑚6科14种．连片分布面积约5940hm^2，沿着海岸线呈南北走向的狭长带状分布．高出海底1．00m的高礁区分布在水尾角以北和大腰岭邻近沿岸的3．00～5．00m水深海域以及灯楼角以北水深3．00～6．00m沿岸海域．石珊瑚以木珊瑚科中盾形陀螺珊瑚、鹿角珊瑚科、滨珊瑚科分布最为普遍．柳珊瑚中以海底柏科赭色海底柏、黄叠叶柳珊瑚，鞭柳珊瑚科中以灯心柳珊瑚、鳞灯心柳珊瑚，类尖柳珊瑚科中的扁小尖柳珊瑚、紧绒柳珊瑚，软柳珊瑚科中的侧扁软柳珊瑚等的数量最多、分布最广，一般分布在石珊瑚的外围和较深水域。     

Species Diversity and Abundance Distribution of Pelagic Siphonophores in Nan Wan Bay of Taiwan, China, in Late Autumn and Early Winter

Zooplankton surveys were carried out on November 2-3 and December 8-10, 2001 at 12 stations in the Nan Wan Bay of Taiwan, China. Altogether 92 quantitative zooplankton samples were collected from subsurface water and bottom water layers with two conical plankton nets （180 cm in length, 45 cm in opening diameter, 333μm and 200 larn in mesh size）. A total of 31 species of Siphonophores were identified, among them 7 species are new records in the waters around Taiwan Island, of which Rocacea cymbiformis is a new record in China. Dominated by Chelophyes appendiculata, Bassia bassensis, Diphyes bojani, Diphyes dispar, Abylopsis eschscholtzi and Chelophyes contorta, these species accounted for over 76 % and 63 % of the total abundance in November and December. The species number and Siphonophores abundance in December （25 species, 1.99 inds/m3） were more than those in November （19 species, 0.438 inds/m3）, and they were more in the surface water layer than in the bottom layer at most sampling stations. In early winter, the offshore high salinity water mass was a main factor influencing the distribution. The sampling efficiency for two plankton nets is discussed and the seasonal variation of species number and abundance in the Nan Wan Bay is compared with that in the neighboring waters.     

Size fractionated biomass and productivity of phytoplankton and new production in the Prydz Bay and the adjacent Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer 1998/1999

INTRODUCTIONComparedwithotheroceansintheworld ,thereisrelativelyhigherlevelofnutrients (ni trate ,phosphate ,silicate)intheSouthernOcean .Butprimaryproductivitiesarelow ,andnewproductionisalsoonlyinthemiddlelevelthere .Itiscommonlyconsideredthatthelowerpro ductivitiesintheSouthernOceaniscausedbylowtemperature ,lowlight,lowstabilityofwa ter,scarcityoftraceelementsuchasironandgrazingbyzooplankton (Burkilletal.,1 995) ,etc.ThemostexistedstudiesconcentratedontheAtlanticSectoroftheSouthernO…     

Time-series observation of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients in the northwestern North Pacific

Time-series measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrient concentrations were conducted in the northwestern North Pacific from October 2002 to August 2004. Assuming that data obtained in different years represented time-series seasonal data for a single year, vertical distributions of DIC and nutrients showed large seasonal variabilities in the surface layer (∼100 m). Seasonal variabilities in normalized DIC (nDIC) and nitrate concentrations at the sea surface were estimated to be 81–113 μmol kg⁻¹ and 12.7–15.7 μmol kg⁻¹, respectively, in the Western Subarctic Gyre. The variability in nutrients between May and July was generally at least double that in other seasons. In the Western Subarctic Gyre, estimations based on statistical analyses revealed that seasonal new production was 39–61 gC m⁻² and tended to be higher in the southwestern regions or coastal regions. The seasonal new productions in the northwestern North Pacific were two or more times higher than in the North Pacific subtropical gyre and the northeastern North Pacific. It is likely that this difference is due to spatial variations in the concentrations of trace metals and the species of phytoplankton present. In addition, from estimations of surface pCO₂ it was verified that the Western Subarctic Gyre is a source of atmospheric CO₂ between February and May and a sink for CO₂ between July and October.     

海水养殖水体中病害纤毛虫一新种──长拟尾丝虫Parauronema longum nov．spec．（纤毛门，盾纤目）

报道了１９９３—１９９４年采自养殖水体中的一种海洋盾纤类纤毛虫，经鉴定系拟尾丝虫属一新种。文中对其形态学做了综合描述。指出该种可生存于多污低氧环境及贝类外套腔内并可构成对养殖动物的危害。     

A new species of the genus Paramisophria (Copepoda, Calanoida,Arietellidae) from the China Seas

ＡｎｅｗｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｇｅｎｕｓＰａｒａｍｉｓｏｐｈｒｉａ（Ｃｏｐｅｐｏｄａ，Ｃａｌａｎｏｉｄａ，Ａｒｉｅｔｅｌｌｉｄａｅ）ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｓ￥ＬｉａｎＧｕａｎｇｓｈａｎａｎｄＱｉａｎＨｏｎｇｌｉｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＦｅｂｒｕ...     

海洋生物中硒的催化动力学光度测定与形态分布研究

建立了一种测定海洋生物中不同形态硒的催化动力学光度法。在pH=3的Clark—Lubs缓冲介质中，硒(Ⅳ)能催化溴酸钾氧化甲基紫的褪色反应，硒(Ⅳ)含量在0．14～8μg／L范围内与褪色反应速率成正比，生物样品经HNO3-HClO4消化后直接测定硒(Ⅳ)和有机硒含量，再经盐酸还原后测定总硒含量，两者差减得硒(Ⅵ)含量。结合MIBK(甲基异丁基酮)萃取分离干扰组分，该方法具有良好的选择性和准确度，用于海洋生物材料中不同形态硒的测定，操作简便快速，结果令人满意。对几种海藻和双壳贝类样品中硒的形态分析结果表明，在海洋生物中，硒主要以有机硒和硒(Ⅳ)的形式存在于难溶性的大分子蛋白质中，硒(Ⅵ)的含量普遍较低，且存在显著的种间差异。     

珠江口初级生产力和新生产力研究

1996年12月和1997年8月在珠江河口湾及其毗邻海域对浮游植物生物量、初级生产力和新生产力及其环境制约机制的研究.结果表明,调查海区的叶绿素a、初级生产力和新生产力均是夏季高于冬季,冬、夏两季的平均值分别为(0.95±0.41)和(1.08±0.52)μg/dm3,(69.2±75.5)和(198.7±119.1)mg/(m2·d),(1.46±0.79)和(3.05±3.09)mg/(m3·h).冬、夏两季平均f-比分别为0.45和0.38.分级叶绿素a结果显示,冬、夏两季均以微型和微微型级分(<20μm)占优势,其对海区叶绿素a的贡献分别为796%和81.6%,对初级生产力的贡献分别为70.7%和896%.调查海区具显著的空间区域化特征,叶绿素a和潜在初级生产力的高值出现在冲淡水区的中部,向口门区和远岸区逐渐降低.现场初级生产力的高值出现在远岸区,它与复合参数B_eZ_pI₀(B_e为真光层平均叶绿素a,Z_p为真光层深度,I₀为海面光辐射强度-PAR)呈很好的正相关,说明光是研究海区初级生产力的主要限制因子.新生产力冬、夏两季的高值分别出现在交椅湾和伶仃洋西南部.     

杭州湾期间带生态学研究──Ⅰ．种类组成与分布

对杭州湾软相潮间带周年调查，共获底栖动物９５种，以甲壳动物（３４种）、鱼类（２８种）、软体动物（２１种）占绝对优势。生态类群以我国沿岸广温广盐性种和半成水特有种为主，生活方式多为活动性和埋栖类型。这与杭州湾水域盐度低且变化幅度大及动力作用强，底质不稳定等因素密切相关。从湾底到湾口，底栖动物种类增多，组成类群逐渐从低盐的河口种向广盐的海洋种演替，表现出明显的湾性分布。种类的垂直分布是中潮区大于低潮区大于高潮区，各类群生物在潮间带呈现随机镶嵌分布，无明显的分带现象。种数的季节分布呈现更、秋两季较多、冬季最少的特点。     

汞对三角褐指藻的毒性

汞对三角褐指藻一次培养毒性实验表明,当无机汞(HgCl_2)浓度为5μg/dm~3时能抑制细胞分裂,汞浓度达到80μg/dm~3,则细胞完全停止分裂。甲基汞浓度为1μg/dm~3时能抑制细胞分裂,浓度为25μg/dm~3时,则完全抑制细胞分裂。有机络合剂对无机汞有解毒作用,这表明汞的毒性与汞在溶液中形态有关。根据实验结果,分析讨论了汞对三角褐指藻的毒性机理。无机汞和甲基汞对细胞毒性的差别,可能与它们同细胞膜的结合及传输方式不同所致。