Numerical Modeling on Suspended Sediment Transportation in the Hangzhou Bay

In this paper the characteristics of tidal flow and seasonal variation of seidment content in theHangzhou Bay and their affecting factors are studied.Field investigations and data analysis indicate thatthe sediment movement is mainly influenced by the Yangtze estuary and the sediment of the Yangtze estua-ry is induced by wind wave and tidal flow.Owing to the variation of dynamic conditions,the instanta-neous sediment content is controlled by tidal flow,wind wave,depth of water and tidal range synthetically.A sediment content relationship formula is established with related factors.A non-equilibrium2-dimensional numerical model of suspended sediment transportation is set up,and the finite element meth-od is applied.The computation results of the model is in accordance with field data.     

新疆玛纳斯湖沉积柱样的古气候古环境研究

本文提供玛纳斯湖两个长约５ｍ柱样的研究结果，并据此讨论新疆西部晚第四纪古气候演化。研究内容包括沉积物的矿物组成、自生碳酸盐的稳定同位素组成、孢粉组合等；用加速器质谱（ＡＭＳ）测定碳酸盐或有机质的＾１４Ｃ年龄。讨论了δ＾１８Ｏ剖面与亚洲夏季季风的关系。柱样的研究结果表明：玛纳斯湖地区晚更新世的３７０００－３２０００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候潮湿，而后又回到末次冰期的极端干旱气候。１２０００－１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．     

Variation in the sediment deposition behind check‐dams under different soil erosion conditions on the Loess Plateau,China

To maintain a reasonable sediment regulation system in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, it is critical to determine the variation in sediment deposition behind check‐dams for different soil erosion conditions. Sediment samples were collected by using a drilling machine in the Fangta watershed of the loess hilly–gully region and the Manhonggou watershed of the weathered sandstone hilly–gully (pisha) region. On the basis of the check‐dam capacity curves, the soil bulk densities and the couplet thickness in these two small watersheds, the sediment yields were deduced at the watershed scale. The annual average sediment deposition rate in the Manhonggou watershed (702.0 mm/(km²·a)) from 1976 to 2009 was much higher than that in the Fangta watershed (171.6 mm/(km²·a)) from 1975 to 2013. The soil particle size distributions in these two small watersheds were generally centred on the silt and sand fractions, which were 42.4% and 50.7% in the Fangta watershed and 60.6% and 32.9% in the Manhonggou watershed, respectively. The annual sediment deposition yield exhibited a decreasing trend; the transition years were 1991 in the Fangta watershed and 1996 in the Manhonggou watershed (P < 0.05). In contrast, the annual average sediment deposition yield was much higher in the Manhonggou watershed (14011.1 t/(km²·a)) than in the Fangta watershed (3149.6 t/(km²·a)). In addition, the rainfalls that induced sediment deposition at the check‐dams were greater than 30 mm in the Fangta watershed and 20 mm in the Manhonggou watershed. The rainfall was not the main reason for the difference in the sediment yield between the two small watersheds. The conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland was the main reason for the decrease in the soil erosion in the Fangta watershed, while the weathered sandstone and bare land were the main factors driving the high sediment yield in the Manhonggou watershed. Knowledge of the sediment deposition process of check‐dams and the variation in the catchment sediment yield under different soil erosion conditions can serve as a basis for the implementation of improved soil erosion and sediment control strategies, particularly in semi‐arid hilly–gully regions. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1983 年梅雨期前后亚洲季风区水汽输送的分析

分析了1983年江淮流域入梅前,梅雨期以及出梅后垂直积分的水汽输送和水汽通量散度分布,计算了南海和中国东部地区的水汽收支。结果指出：江淮流域入梅前,华南地区降水的水汽主要来自印度西南季风和东南季风气流;梅雨期降水的水汽主要来自印度西南季风气流;出梅后华北雨季则主要受中低纬水汽输送气流汇合的影响。分析表明,江淮流域梅雨期是印度西南季风气流加强并东进北上,西太平洋高压东撤所造成的;而梅雨结束则是由于西南季风气流减弱西退和西太平洋高压西进北上所造成的;此外,还讨论了水汽输送、水汽通量辐合与云量及我国东部降水的关     

西双版纳原始热带季节雨林净初级生产力

研究了西双版纳原始热带季节雨林生物量增量、凋落量、叶虫食量和净初级生产量.该雨林年平均净初级生产量为25.764 t/hm2.a,其中各层次的净初级生产量分别为:乔木层23.972 t/hm2.a(占总净初级生产量的93.04 %)、灌木层0.749 t/hm2.a (占2.91 %)、木质藤本层0.431 t/hm2.a(占1.67 %)、草本层0.612 t/hm2.a(占2.38 %).乔木层净初级生产量分配为:凋落量11.566 t/hm2.a、叶虫食量0.694 t/hm2.a和生物量增量11.712 t/hm2.a.     

Geomorphic process from topographic form: automating the interpretation of repeat survey data in river valleys

The ability to quantify the processes driving geomorphic change in river valley margins is vital to geomorphologists seeking to understand the relative role of transport mechanisms (e.g. fluvial, aeolian, and hillslope processes) in landscape dynamics. High‐resolution, repeat topographic data are becoming readily available to geomorphologists. By contrasting digital elevation models derived from repeat surveys, the transport processes driving topographic changes can be inferred, a method termed ‘mechanistic segregation.’ Unfortunately, mechanistic segregation largely relies on subjective and time consuming manual classification, which has implications both for its reproducibility and the practical scale of its application. Here we present a novel computational workflow for the mechanistic segregation of geomorphic transport processes in geospatial datasets. We apply the workflow to seven sites along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, where geomorphic transport is driven by a diverse suite of mechanisms. The workflow performs well when compared to field observations, with an overall predictive accuracy of 84% across 113 validation points. The approach most accurately predicts changes due to fluvial processes (100% accuracy) and aeolian processes (96%), with reduced accuracy in predictions of alluvial and colluvial processes (64% and 73%, respectively). Our workflow is designed to be applicable to a diversity of river systems and will likely provide a rapid and objective understanding of the processes driving geomorphic change at the reach and network scales. We anticipate that such an understanding will allow insight into the response of geomorphic transport processes to external forcings, such as shifts in climate, land use, or river regulation, with implications for process‐based river management and restoration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

台湾海峡西部柱状沉积物粘土矿物的分析

根据台湾海峡西部10个柱102个样品的X 射线衍射等分析,鉴定了该区粘土矿物组合与含量变化,分析了其与沉积环境的关系.结果表明,该区粘土矿物组合大多数站位以伊利石含量占首位,绿泥石和高岭石次之,且含少量蒙脱石;伊利石含量随距岸、水深的增加而递增,高岭石则反之;蒙脱石含量与火山活动密切相关,绿泥石含量呈斑块状分布;775和819号站有典型的陆相层,为早玉木冰期的“台湾陆桥”或“东山陆桥”提供有力证据.     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Supple Nets

1 .Introduction Owing to the decline of capture fisheries andsaturation of traditional inshorefarms ,sea cage cul-ture as a newtype of aquaculture is developingrapidlyin China .However ,cage culture is a highriskoperation.The practice is vulnerable to natural hazards ,such as strong tides ,storms and typhoons .So,it is necessaryto assess the behavior of a sea cage exposedto waves and current before the designandinstallation of the structure . Computer simulation,due to its many advantages ,ha…     

Characters of the Pco2 and CO2 Flux in the East China Sea in Autumn

Pco2 of air and seawater samples from the East China Sea(ECS) were measured in situ in autumn, 1994,Ocean currents,terrestrial fluviation,biological activities,etc.,Pco2 char-acters in air and seawater were investigated,CO2 flux and its character in the East China Sea are discussed on the basis of the Pco2 profiles of air and seawater,It was clear that the nearshore was the source of CO2;and tht the oulter sea area was the sink of CO2; and that the shelf area of the EXS is a net sink for atmospheric CO2 in autumn.     

2000-2015年三江平原主要作物需水量征及影响因素分析

全生育期内作物需水量的研究是农业水资源有效利用和进行合理灌溉的重要依据。基于三江平原22个气象站点2000—2015年逐日气象观测资料及中国区域地面气象要素数据集,利用国际粮农组织 （FAO）Penman-Monteith模型和分段单值平均作物系数法,分别对三江平原水稻、玉米和大豆的作物需水量进行计算,分析作物需水量年际变化特征,采用通径分析法研究作物需水量的变化成因。结果表明：（1）三江平原16 a来年均参考作物蒸散量为537.4 mm,日均为 3.5 mm,呈波动减少趋势。（2）生长季内,水稻在分蘖期需水量最大,为177.1 mm,玉米在七叶期需水量最大,为99.7 mm,大豆在结荚期需水量最大,为96.1 mm;水稻、玉米和大豆的净灌溉需水量分别为195.4 mm、130.8 mm和72.2 mm,对灌溉的依赖程度水稻>玉米>大豆。（3）由通径分析结果可知,三江平原作物需水量的主要影响因素为净辐射、气温和日照时数。