The impact of scour processes on a smothered reef system in the Irish Sea

The Irish Sea, like many marine areas, is threatened by anthropogenic activities. In particular the Pisces Reef system, a series of smothered rocky reefs are subject to fishing pressures as a result of their position within a Nephrops norvegicus fishery. In an area of sediment deposition and retention the reefs modify the environment by increasing the energy of near-bottom currents which results in localised scouring. This is the first study to attempt to characterise and investigate the ecological functioning of the Pisces Reef system. A multidisciplinary approach was essential for accurate investigation of the area. To facilitate more effective management of the benthic habitats of the Reef system, this study integrates acoustic, seismic, grab sampling and video ground-truthing methods for benthic habitat discrimination. Orientation of the scour hollows also suggest that seabed features could be used to infer dominant flow regimes such as the Irish Sea Gyre. The data revealed significant geology–benthos relationships. A unique biotope was described for the reef habitat and it was demonstrated that scouring may influence community composition through disturbance mechanisms. This study provides preliminary information required for management of a unique habitat within a uniform region.     

庙岛群岛海域沉积动力环境分区及沉积物输运趋势

基于庙岛群岛海域的107个表层沉积物样品粒度分析结果,利用Pejrup三角图、Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析等方法,对庙岛群岛海域沉积动力环境进行分区,并探讨了沉积物的输运趋势。结果表明,研究区沉积动力环境可划分为5个分区(A、CⅢ、CⅣ、DⅢ、DⅣ),以庙岛海峡为中心,各分区基本呈左右对称分布,与潮流流速中部辐聚、两侧辐散的分布特征相对应,研究区沉积物分布及沉积动力格局主要受潮流控制。研究区内存在两个沉积物输运趋势的汇聚中心,沉积物的长期输运趋势在海峡区主要受控于往复潮流,波流共同作用在外海区影响较为显著,使其具有与海峡区截然不同的特点。     

西非塞拉利昂—利比里亚盆地深水岩性油气藏成藏特征

立足于大西洋的构造演化,划分了盆地构造演化阶段,明确了不同演化阶段的构造、沉积特征,分析了漂移期岩性油气藏的成藏特征,建立油气成藏模式,指出了油气勘探的方向。研究表明,塞拉利昂—利比里亚盆地经历了裂陷期和漂移期两个演化阶段,早白垩世裂陷期,构造活动强烈,以陆相沉积为主;晚白垩世至今的漂移期构造活动弱,以海相沉积为主。赛诺曼—土伦阶海相烃源岩是漂移期岩性油气藏的主要油气来源,是油气成藏的基础;盆地漂移期广泛发育大型深水沉积体,深水沉积体是漂移期储层和岩性圈闭形成的关键;油气运移控制了岩性油气藏的成藏模式,漂移期构造活动弱,缺少油源断裂,赛诺曼—土伦阶成熟烃源岩生成的油气就近运移至烃源岩层内的岩性圈闭中聚集成藏,形成自生自储的油气成藏模式;寻找赛诺曼—土伦阶烃源岩灶内大型沉积体是盆地未来深水区油气勘探的重要方向。     

冲绳海槽沉积物物源示踪研究进展

冲绳海槽作为浅水陆架与深海大洋之间联系的过渡地带,其海底的厚层沉积物记录了晚第四纪海平面波动、构造活动、气候变化,以及冲绳海槽古环境演化信息,因此,对于冲绳海槽沉积物的研究一直是边缘海研究中的热点问题之一,而识别沉积物物源成为解决这一系列问题的关键。众多学者已对冲绳海槽沉积物的来源进行了诸多探讨,并取得了丰硕的成果。在综合前人研究成果的基础上,系统地总结了冲绳海槽沉积物的来源及示踪方法,包括矿物学、地球化学以及环境磁学,评述了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来沉积物物源的识别工作提出了展望。     

黄海近岸锋面的时空变化及其对沉积物输运和沉积的影响

利用2010和2012年黄海海域不同季节的航次观测数据与HYCOM模式再分析数据进行了比对,检验了HYCOM模式的水体温度数据在黄海海域的适用性。据此分析了黄海海域的温度锋面和混合锋面的时空变化。结果显示,温度锋通常在秋季开始出现,在冬季最为发育,在春季逐渐消失;黄海混合锋面与季风活动密切相关,主要在秋季开始出现,在冬季发育。悬浮沉积物基本上集中在温度锋的向岸一侧,难以跨越锋面输运。山东半岛成山头海域的温度锋在形态及空间位置上与泥质沉积区相对应,沉积中心(厚度40 m)主要分布在温度锋的西侧,而在其东侧泥质沉积厚度快速减小。研究结果发现,秋冬季节混合锋与温度锋的空间位置并不一致,混合锋位于温度锋的西侧,强烈混合使得沉积物不易沉降,对应泥质沉积厚度小;而在混合锋东侧,悬浮沉积物浓度高且水体层化显著,沉积物易于沉降堆积,与泥质沉积中心对应。混合锋与温度锋的空间分布差异与共同作用可能是该区域泥质沉积体"Ω"形态发育的动力学机制。     

18.5 ka以来冲绳海槽中部沉积物碎屑态来源和古环境变化的常量元素记录

为进一步了解冲绳海槽中部18.5 ka以来柱状沉积物碎屑态的常量元素组成特征及其古环境指示意义,对KX12-3孔进行了151个样品中碎屑态的提取及其常量元素和粒度综合分析。结果表明：主要常量元素含量表现出明显的两段式垂向变化特征,底部的Z1阶段(492~96 cm)形成于末次冰消期及早全新世(18.5~9.6 ka),中国大陆河流(长江、黄河)物质输入是沉积物中陆源碎屑物质的主要来源;而顶部的Z2阶段(96~0 cm)则形成于早全新世以来(＜9.6 ka),沉积物中的陆源碎屑物质仍以中国大陆来源为主,台湾物质输入也有一定贡献。此外,岩心中还记录到了7.3 ka时发生的K-Ah火山事件。常量元素相关性、R型因子及典型常量元素比值分析均表明主要氧化物含量在垂向上的变化主要受控于附近的陆源碎屑物质输入,热液活动和火山物质的影响较小。不同时期陆源碎屑物质对研究区的影响表现出明显的变化规律,并与海平面波动及黑潮的演化具有很好的耦合关系。此外,在5~3.5 ka期间,KX12-3孔的Fe2O3、MgO、Fe/Ti、Mg/Ti值及粒度减小,这应该是由当时黑潮的减弱或“摆动”出冲绳海槽引起的。     

中国北方四类典型下垫面能量分配特征及其环境影响因子研究

中国北方疆域辽阔,多种植被类型交错分布,陆面过程较为复杂.研究该区域地表能量平衡及分配过程,有助于进一步了解其生态系统的生产力及气候变化.本文使用"中国北方协同观测实验"观测资料,选取中国北方四种植被类型——高寒草甸、荒漠草地、玉米农田及半干旱草地,在深入认识地表能量分配特征的基础上,讨论了环境因子对能量分配的影响.结...     

柴达木盆地东部尕海湖DG03孔岩芯粒度特征及环境意义

对柴达木盆地东部尕海湖DG03孔岩芯沉积物的粒度特征的研究,结果表明:在12 800—11 800 cal a BP之间,DG03孔沉积物主要以砂为主,含少量的粉砂和粘土,表明钻孔地点的水动力条件比较强,湖泊水位较低,尕海地区经历了一次短暂的干旱事件,这一事件可能是该区域对全球性的YD事件的响应;全新世早中期（11 800—5 600 cal a BP）,沉积物主要以粉砂和粘土为主,钻孔地点的水动力条件比较弱,湖泊水位较高,气候环境相对湿润;全新世中晚期以来（5 600 cal a BP以来）,沉积物中砂粒组分含量越来越多,粉砂和粘土含量越来越少,平均粒径越来越大,钻孔地点的水动力越来越强,该区域经历了一个干旱化的过程。     

A critical zone observatory dedicated to suspended sediment transport: The meso-scale Galabre catchment (southern French Alps)

The 20 km² Galabre catchment belongs to the French network of critical zone observatories (OZCAR; Gaillardet et al., Vadose Zone Journal, 2018, 17(1), 1–24). It is representative of the sedimentary lithology and meteorological forcing found in Mediterranean and mountainous areas. Due to the presence of highly erodible and sloping badlands on various lithologies, the site was instrumented in 2007 to understand the dynamics of suspended sediments (SS) in such areas. Two meteorological stations including measurements of air temperature, wind speed and direction, air moisture, rainfall intensity, raindrop size and velocity distribution were installed both in the upper and lower part of the catchment. At the catchment outlet, a gauging station records the water level, temperature and turbidity (10 min time-step). Stream water samples are collected automatically to estimate SS concentration-turbidity relationships, allowing quantification of SS fluxes with known uncertainty. The sediment samples are further characterized by measuring their particle size distributions and by applying a low-cost sediment fingerprinting approach using spectrocolorimetric tracers. Thus, the contributions of badlands located on different lithologies to total SS flux are quantified at a high temporal resolution, providing the opportunity to better analyse the links between meteorological forcing variability and watershed hydrosedimentary response. The set of measurements was extended to the dissolved phase in 2017. Both stream water electrical conductivity and major ion concentrations are measured each week and every 3 h during storm events. This extension of measurements to the dissolved phase will allow progress in understanding both the origin of the water during the events and the partitioning between particulate and dissolved fluxes of solutes in the critical zone. All data sets are available at https://doi.osug.fr/public/DRAIXBLEONE_GAL/index.html .     

太湖不同营养水平湖区沉积物磷形态与生物可利用磷的分布及相互关系

采用EDTA螯合剂法和不同的化学提取法,研究了太湖3个不同营养水平湖区中8个位点表层沉积物总磷、各组分磷及生物可利用磷的含量分布,探讨了太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物的释磷潜力和生物可利用磷的来源．结果表明,太湖不同营养水平湖区表层沉积物总磷、无机磷和生物可利用磷含量分布差异较大,且与各湖的营养水平相一致．有机磷含量与有机质和含水率显著相关;沉积物中Fe-P和Ca-P对生物可利用磷的贡献较大,这部分磷具有较大的潜在释放风险．