中国早石炭世四射珊瑚动物地理分区

 以中国主要地区早石炭世四射珊瑚化石资料为依据,采用传统的综合比较法与二态聚类分析方法相结合,把中国早石炭世四射珊瑚归为两大动物地理区,即特提斯大区和岗瓦纳大区,其中特提斯大区东部中国部分可再分为四个亚区:(1)华南亚区;(2)滇西亚区;(3)西南亚区;(5)北方亚区。     

福建永安石林地貌的现代生物喀斯特侵蚀营力

本文以永安石林为例，阐述分析了石林地貌的现代生物喀斯特侵蚀现象的类型及形态特征。结果表明，地表及地下的生物喀斯特侵蚀营力是石林现代侵蚀过程的主要因素，石林表面的大部分均有微生物覆盖并起侵蚀作用，形成明显的微观及超微溶蚀形态，石林表面的溶蚀作用性质不同于传统认识。对石林地貌发育提出了新的思考。     

沉积鲕石和尿路结石若干特征的对比研究

本文从仿生学的思路出发，将几种沉积鲕石、核形石、结核等从其结构、成分和形成条件等方面与四种常见尿路结石进行对比研究。认为这些产物虽然发生在自然界或人体内两种截然不同的环境中，但是在研究其形成机理时，彼此有许多可以互相借鉴之处。沉积鲕石、核形石的分层结构和再结晶交代现象等，可以对比应用于尿石的形成和发育机理的解释；同时，尿路结石形成理论中的局部过饱和以及取向附生学说，也可引进于沉积鲕石、核形石和结核的形成理论中。此外，本文首次介绍了热发光方法研究沉积鲕石和尿路结石的成果，并认为这一研究方法仍有继续深入探讨其应用范围的潜力。     

A ‘mathematical’ spider living on gravel plains of the Namib Desert

In certain areas of the Namib gravel plains a new Ariadna sp. was discovered. It rims its vertical burrow with a stone circle, made on average of seven quartz stones. Some mathematical relationships between hole diameter, stone sizes and weight, and animal size were studied. A correlation was found, and stone selection by this spider postulated. Different hypotheses on the adaptive value of stone circle are suggested.     

Aggregate resources: Production and environmental constraints

Aggregates are produced from sand and gravel deposits or from bedrock sources. Production sites are numerous to minimize transport and are more and more in a competing land use position. Urbanization, while creating a market, also sterilizes deposits and pressures producers to relocate further from populated areas. Regulating and permitting quarries is an issue in regions with growing populations. This regulatory environment may cause exploitation schemes to evolve towards greater recycling, importing, and marine production, for example. These changes may be entirely attributable to increased environmental constraints on producing operations and not on conventional mining constraints such as overburden, ore grade, and costs of operation.     

四川省芦山—宝兴地区花岗石石材产出地质特征及其品质

本文扼要阐明四川省芦山－宝兴地区花岗石石材产出地质特征的基础上，重点讨论花岗石石材的品种、规模和质量。     

广东大亚湾石珊瑚群落的分布及动态变化

2006年6月对位于南海北部亚热带的大亚湾和大鹏湾石珊瑚群落的分布、种类和覆盖率进行了调查,结果显示大亚湾共有石珊瑚24种,以秘密角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites abdita)为优势种,总覆盖率为20%,大鹏湾有石珊瑚21种,以精巧扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra daedalea)为优势种,总覆盖率为7.9%。大亚湾石珊瑚群落健康状况良好,但生长稀疏,群落密度低,空间结构简单,生长带窄;与1964年、1983年、1984年和1991年的调查结果相比,覆盖率从76.6%下降到20%,优势种从枝状的霜鹿角珊瑚(Acropora Pruinosa)转变成块状或皮壳状的秘密角蜂巢珊瑚,群落生态退化严重,主要原因可能是人为破坏活动对珊瑚本身以及生长环境造成的压力所致,包括过度捕捞、盗采珊瑚、沿岸施工和水体污染等,建议采取相应的保护措施。     

华南栖霞组菊花石假象内正延性玉髓的成因及其地质意义

正延性玉髓常被视为干旱蒸发沉积环境的标志。正延性玉髓亦广泛分布于华南地区栖霞组菊花石 (目前绝大多数为天青石假象 )内。本文在天青石后期矿物交代序列识别的基础上,通过对菊花石内各期次碳酸盐交代矿物的电子探针分析,发现菊花石内正延性玉髓形成于富含硫酸根离子和镁离子的成岩介质条件中。结合已有的正延性玉髓研究报道和栖霞组的沉积、成岩作用环境特征分析,认为华南地区栖霞组菊花石内正延性玉髓的形成环境与高蒸发沉积环境或高盐度成岩环境无关。因此,仅根据正延性玉髓的出现不足以确定沉积或成岩环境的盐度条件。     

Depth–transport functions and erosion–deposition diagrams as indicators of slope inclination and time-averaged traction forces: applications in tropical reef environments

The trigonometric relationship between slope inclination, the horizontally acting time‐averaged traction force and the vertical depth of transport allows the estimation of one factor, when both others are known. Depth–transport functions can be deduced by comparing the depth distributions of living organisms and their skeletal remains, and this paper simplifies this comparison using foraminifera in which a single test represents an individual. Differences in distribution parameters between living individuals and empty tests allow depth–transport functions to be determined; these functions differ between species at a single transect according to the varying buoyancies of the tests. Within a single species, differences in depth–transport functions between locations are based on either slope inclination or traction intensities. After establishing a mean depth–transport function by averaging species‐characteristic functions, the time‐averaged traction force acting on the studied transect can be calculated. Transport intensities are also estimated using an erosion–deposition diagram that combines the relative frequency distributions of living individuals and empty tests. The proportion of ‘eroded’, ‘parautochthonous’ and ‘allochthonous’ tests mirrors the influence of both slope inclination and traction force for the deposition of empty tests. To test the model, six species of symbiont‐bearing benthic foraminifers were investigated at two transects in front of a NW Pacific coral reef. One transect is distinguished by a strong slope flattening below the steep reef slope (30 m), whereas further steepening characterizes the equivalent part in the other transect. These differences are mirrored in the depth–transport functions as well as in the erosion–deposition diagrams of all species. The time‐averaged traction forces differ in intensities between transects, because of the position of the reef front with respect to the predominant wind direction. However, the form of the functions is identical and distinguished by an increase from the surface to 35 m depth, followed by a decrease down to 105 m. This can be explained by successive onshore and offshore forces acting on the shallow slope, such as the tropical cyclones that cross the region every summer.     

四川龙门山地区阳新组灰岩地质特征及用途

二叠系阳新组灰岩厚度240~350 m，走向延伸大于50 km，出露面积15 km²以上，资源储量极为丰富.研究区0.6 km²范围内资源量为5193×10⁴ t.阳新组灰岩CaO含量49.87%~55.74%，MgO含量0.24%~2.80%，SiO₂含量0.38%~5.80%之间，SO₃含量0.01%~0.40%，K₂O+Na₂O含量0.02%~0.12%，均达到Ⅰ级水泥用料要求.饱和抗压强度41.6~82.4 MPa，坚固性1%~3%，压碎指标8.2%~9.6%；所有指标均符合建筑石料用要求.对阳新组灰岩地质特征、物理化学指标的分析评价显示，其可广泛运用于水泥、建筑石料等领域，具有重要的经济价值和意义.