珊瑚礁对赤潮的响应与记录研究进展

大量研究证实，对环境变化非常敏感的珊瑚能够记录越来越多的环境信息。由于浮游生物过度繁殖而引发的赤潮对珊瑚礁生态系统有明显的影响。赤潮爆发时，赤潮区海水pH值和铁、锰含量异常；赤潮生物覆盖海水表面，阻碍珊瑚共生藻的光合作用；后期赤潮生物大量死亡。还会大量消耗溶解氧。排放有害化学物质，导致珊瑚死亡。理论上讲。幸存的珊瑚在其骨骼中能够记录这些环境异常过程。通过采用硼同位素法、铁锰微量元素法和生长特征观测法等方法，研究珊瑚骨骼的化学特征，从而可能揭示过去赤潮发生的规律。目前，关于珊瑚礁对赤潮的生态响应和记录研究仍处于探索之中，如果能够结合赤潮的机理、特征、生态影响以及珊瑚本身的特性而成功实现这项研究的话，则不仅对珊瑚礁环境记录研究领域是个重要的补充，而且还提供了一把记录赤潮的新钥匙。     

贵州思南乌江喀斯特国家地质公园旅游环境容量研究——以石林主景区为例

在研究总结国内外研究现状的基础上,应用线状总量模型和面状总量模型从空间环境容量、生态环境容量、经济环境容量、心理环境容量四个方面综合研究了贵州思南乌江喀斯特国家地质公园石林主景区环境容量,最后根据“木桶原理”确定石林景区合理的日环境容量旺季为7298人,淡季为3649人,年环境容量为182.45万人,在此基础上提出了从旅游路线、就餐处特色、管理方式三方面采取合理调节人车分流比例、交通线路适时分流、游客自主分流就餐三项调控措施,以期实现景区游人合理分布、基础设施充分利用。      

四川石材资源及其开发建议

四川是一个石材大省。本文依据详尽的经济地质资料介绍了四川主要高档优质石材。四川产出的优质石材,包括红色系列、黑色系列、蓝绿色系列的花岗石;白色系列、黑色系列的高档大理石,在国内外拥有广大的潜在市场。鉴于此,提出了关于四川石材开发利用的有益建议。     

Lithium Isotope Composition of Marine Biogenic Carbonates and Related Reference Materials

In this study, the accuracy and the precision corresponding to Li isotopic measurements of low level samples such as marine and coastal carbonates are estimated. To this end, a total of fifty‐four analyses of a Li‐pure reference material (Li7‐N) at concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 ng ml^?1 were first performed. The average δ⁷Li values obtained for solutions with and without chemical purification were 30.3 ± 0.4‰ (2s, n = 19) and 30.2 ± 0.4‰ (2s, n = 36), respectively. These results show that the chosen Li chemical extraction and purification procedure did not induce any significant isotope bias. Two available carbonate reference materials (JCt‐1 and JCp‐1) were analysed, yielding mean δ⁷Li values of 18.0 ± 0.27‰ (2s, n = 6) and 18.8 ± 1.8‰ (2s, n = 9), respectively. Small powder aliquots (< 15 mg) of JCp‐1 displayed significant isotope heterogeneity and we therefore advise favouring JCt‐1 for interlaboratory comparisons. The second part of this study concerns the determination of δ⁷Li value for biogenic carbonate samples. We performed a total of twenty‐nine analyses of seven different tropical coral species grown under controlled and similar conditions (24.0 ± 0.1 °C). Our sample treatment prior to Li extraction involved removal of organic matter before complete dissolution in diluted HCl. Our results show (a) a constant δ⁷Li within each skeleton and between the different species (δ⁷Li = 17.3 ± 0.7‰), and (b) a Li isotope fractionation of ?2‰ compared with inorganic aragonite grown under similar conditions. Comparison with literature data suggests a significant difference between samples living in aquaria and those grown in natural conditions. Finally, we investigate ancient (fossil) carbonate material and foraminifera extracted from marine sedimentary records. Different leaching procedures were tested using various HCl molarities. Results indicate that carbonate preferential dissolution must be carried out at an acid molarity < 0.18 mol l^?1. Possible contamination from silicate minerals can be verified using the Al/Ca ratio, but the threshold value strongly depends on the carbonate δ⁷Li value. When the silicate/carbonate ratio is high in the sediment sample (typically > 2), contamination from silicates cannot be avoided, even at low HCl molarity (? 0.1 mol l^?1). Finally, bulk carbonate and foraminifera extracted from the same core sample exhibited significant discrepancies: δ⁷Li values of foraminifera were more reproducible but were significantly lower. They were also associated with lower Sr/Ca and higher Mn/Ca ratios, suggesting a higher sensitivity to diagenesis, although specific vital effects cannot be fully ruled out.     

Strengthening crushed coarse aggregates using bio-grouting

This paper focuses on using urea hydrolysis as a bio-grouting process to increase the strength of crushed aggregates commonly used in stone columns. Various reagent phases (2, 4, 6 and 12 phases) consisted of alternately percolating solutions containing bacterial suspension and cementation solution through the soil column. In addition, a multi-soil lift strategy with options of up to four soil lifts was undertaken to test the applicability of bio-grout to cement crushed aggregate columns. While the average amount of calcium carbonate precipitation was roughly unchanged in both techniques, the distribution within the crushed aggregate columns was heterogeneous. However, the distribution of the precipitated calcium carbonate is almost uniform in crushed aggregates treated by a two-soil lift strategy and a four-phase treatment strategy. It is also deducted that both techniques can be combined to gain a uniform calcium carbonate and strength along a long sand/stone column. Furthermore, a one-soil lift resulted in higher strength than using multi-soil lifts, and a maximum strength of approximately 2.3 MPa was achieved using 4-reagent phase treatment strategy. Scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive spectroscopy analysis validate that calcium carbonate was deposited as white crystals on the surface of the crushed aggregate particles.     

In Situ Resonance Raman Spectra of Organic Pigments in Momo Coral

In this study, Raman scattering measurements were obtained for momo corals covering their typical range of colors. Three different excitation wavelengths (785, 633, 514 nm) are used for the same samples at the same points. All the samples show the two major Raman features of polyenic compounds assigned to double carbon-carbon (C=C) stretching vibration at approximately 1 500 cm-1 and single carbon-carbon (C--C) stretching vibration at approximately 1 130 cm-1 bond stretching mode. These peaks are not detected in the corresponding white parts of momo corals. However, somechanges in intensities, shape, and position of C=C stretching vibrations of the same point are observed by using different excitation wavelengths. The exact position of C-C stretching vibration of polyenic molecules depends strongly on the number of double bonds contained in their polyenic chain. In addition, the number of double bonds contained in the polyenic chains shows that different colors of the red momo coral are caused by different mixtures of polyenic compounds.     

珊瑚砂微生物固化体三轴压缩试验及损伤本构模型研究

利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）技术固化南海某岛礁的陆域吹填珊瑚砂,对珊瑚砂微生物固化体进行了三轴压缩试验,基于损伤力学理论建立了珊瑚砂微生物固化体的损伤本构模型。结果表明,利用MICP技术固化珊瑚砂效果好,强度高;固化体的三轴压缩应力–应变曲线可分为近似线弹性阶段、屈服阶段与延性流动阶段。将固化体划分为匀质微元进行损伤演化分析,根据连续介质损伤力学的有效应力理论与应变等效假说,定义了损伤变量,假定固化体强度服从双参数的Weibull分布及Druker-Prager准则,建立了损伤本构模型。模型参数包括固化体力学参数和Weibull分布参数,由三轴试验和线性回归法确定,并用试验资料初步验证了模型的合理性。     

基于混合离散的砌石挡土墙边坡极限承载力下限分析

将极限分析下限法理论、混合数值离散思想和线性规划结合起来研究砌石挡土墙边坡的极限承载力。采用三角形有限单元离散土体来模拟土体的连续介质力学特性,构建土体静力许可应力场的约束条件,采用块体单元离散砌石体来模拟砌石体的非连续介质力学特性,构建砌石挡土墙的静力许可应力场的约束条件;同时建立有限元单元和块体单元交界面的约束条件;然后以超载系数为目标函数建立求解砌石挡土墙极限承载力的下限法线性规划模型,并使用内点算法进行最优化求解,获得边坡的极限荷载（或安全系数）和对应的应力场。通过3个算例的分析验证了所提方法的正确性。所提方法是将混合数值离散思想引入极限分析领域的一次尝试。     

深圳市扩库填海问题研究

填海造地对深圳市具有深远的可持续发展意义,而增加调蓄水库库容不仅具有现实的经济意义,而且具有巨大的环境和生态意义,扩库填海是满足此两个意义的最优选择。分别从生态、环境、景观、经济、社会、城市供水安全等角度论证了扩库填海的必要性和合理性。     

一种振冲碎石桩复合地基的沉降计算方法

对振冲碎石桩复合地基桩体和桩间土的变形与应力--应变关系进行研究。假设在荷载作用下,复合地基中桩体变形均匀,桩－土变形协调,推导出振冲碎石桩复合地基沉降计算公式为: ABk2 εh3v + 2ABhkεh2v + A ( D2 + B) h2hv = nh2 pD2 ; 利用牛顿迭代法解一元三次方程,可求得复合地基沉降。将本方法应用于沿海某大型储油罐工程,计算振冲碎石桩复合地基总沉降量为171. 5 mm,实测沉降量为 162. 2 mm,计算结果与实测结果基本吻合,表明该方法有一定的实用性。