南海南部海域岛礁区海底珊瑚砂声速影响因素的初步研究

通过对南海南部海域岛礁区科学考察数据资料的分析研究,得出了岛礁区海底珊瑚砂的纵波声速随孔隙度、含水量增大而减小,以及声速随中值粒径、湿密度增大而增大的统计结果,并在Biot和Wyllie的松散饱和水沉积物声速理论公式与模型基础上,解释了物理力学因素对海底珊瑚砂声速的影响机制,阐明了固相因素和液相因素的强弱变化引起声速增大或减小的理论原因,分析了各种声速经验公式在海底珊瑚砂声速估算上的精度差异,得出了有必要建立包括海底珊瑚砂在内的单一类型声速经验公式的初步结论。     

A Rapid Assessment of Scleractinian and Non-Scleractinian Coral Growth Forms Along the Saudi Arabian Coast,Red Sea

In this study we assessed the current status of coral reefs along the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea. Among the three growth forms of Acroporid corals, the branching forms were found to dominate in the Farassan Islands （44.55%±11.10% cover） fol-lowed by tabular forms in the Doga Islands （ranging between 18%±6.47% and 18.30%±9.47% cover）. Digitate forms were rarely found along the coast except at Maqna. Among the five growth forms of non-Acroporid corals, we observed maximum cover of branching forms in the Yanbu offshore area （58.89%±15.11% cover） followed by the Jeddah coast （24.76%±14.04% cover）. The Millepora spp., a non-Scleractinian coral, was abundant at all the near-shore sites, such as Jeddah （10.70%±8.21%） and A1-Wajh （9.81%±6.69%）. The live coral cover （including both Scleractinian and non-Scleractinian corals） of Saudi Red Sea coast was seen to be higher in the north and gradually decrease towards the south. Principal Component analysis showed that the contribution of Acro- porid corals was greater in the southern region than in the northem and middle regions, but vice-versa in the case of non-Acroporid corals. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis categorized all the study sites into two major clusters with 60% similarity. Among them, one cluster-forming sites from Maqna to Masturah （Northem region） and the second one comprised the middle and southem regions （Jeddah to Farassan Islands）, and one outlier Rabigh.     

荣成大疃刘家铍矿矿物赋存状态

大疃刘家铍矿铍元素主要以羟硅铍石单矿物赋存在矿石中。以羟硅铍石单矿物存在的BeO占79.45%;少部分分散在其他矿物中,以赤铁矿、褐铁矿中BeO含量较高,其次是绢云母、重晶石等。BeO呈分散状态占20.55%,主要集中在绢云母中,这是由于矿石中绢云母含量高所致,分散状态的BeO无法回收。根据矿石中有用矿物和脉石矿物组合,矿石类型为羟硅铍石-绢云母-碳酸盐岩-长石-石英型铍矿石。     

高密度电法在石材矿探测中的应用

针对石材矿勘探和开发中存在的矿体边界确定、石材完整性判别等实际难题,首次将高密度电法技术引入到石材矿探测中,在新疆哈密黄山南黑冰花型石材矿开展了探测研究。通过改造测线布置方法、优选装置,获取了高分辨率的测量数据;进行二维反演和三维电阻率成像反演,实现了三维电阻率数据体在三维可视化环境下的交互式显示和操作;结合地质资料,完成了对石材矿的探测解释及评价。结果表明:高密度电法能清晰地刻画出具有高电阻率特征的石材矿矿体三维空间形态,对影响石材矿质量的风化层、裂隙构造等不利因素有较强的识别能力。     

Attainment of ecosystem based governance in European waters—A State property rights regime approach for Ireland

On Ireland's continental shelf, as well as within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), there are significant biodiversity hotspots including those associated with Cold Water Corals (CWC). Some of these ecosystems enjoy little or no actual protection and are subject to the effects of open access. Sectorally driven initiatives, a recalcitrant attitude to environmental law and inadequate governance, have added to the conditions that have facilitated years of damage by fishers and other actors from many States. A review of the current governance regime, influenced primarily by the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), is presented. Failings of this regime are highlighted by the destruction of some biodiversity hotspots associated with vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs), an externality primarily arising from the effects of deepwater fishing. While exploring some of the principles relating to the institution of property rights, this paper makes a link between property rights, the public trust doctrine and sovereign rights. The paper suggests that such biodiversity systems are the property of citizens of the individual States in whose area of jurisdiction they occur. The paper argues for an Irish State property rights regime as part of an ecosystem approach within a nested institutional architecture. This has important implications for the governance of biodiversity such as that associated with CWC and for the development of an Irish National Oceans Policy.     

叶绿素荧光技术在珊瑚礁研究中的应用

珊瑚礁生态系统最基本的生态特征是虫黄藻与珊瑚虫的共生,虫黄藻的光合作用在珊瑚礁生态系统中发挥着重要作用,因此用于测定植物光合作用的叶绿素荧光技术在认识珊瑚礁生态系统中得到越来越广泛的应用。应用方面主要包括:①揭示珊瑚共生藻光生理学原理;②探索珊瑚白化的机制;③监测及预警珊瑚白化事件;④研究珊瑚对污染的响应;⑤监测珊瑚对水体浑浊的响应;⑥探寻珊瑚礁生态模式。叶绿素荧光技术具有快速、灵敏和非破坏性测量等优点,在造礁珊瑚生理生态研究方面将有广阔的应用前景。     

西南天山康克林组早二叠世小型无鳞板珊瑚动物群的发现及其地质意义

西南天山哈拉奇地区康克林组第三段发现大量单体无鳞板四射珊瑚,经鉴定共有11属23种。根据该动物群的组成特征和与邻区的对比,建立了Amplexocaniaia-Tachylasma—Bradyphyllum组合,并确定其时代为早二叠世紫松期或阿舍尔（Asselian）期。通过对沉积相及该无鳞板四射珊瑚动物群古生态的对比分析,确定本区当时水深大于100m,属碳酸盐台地与盆地之间的过渡环境。     

振冲碎石桩在地基处理中的应用

振冲碎石桩是近几年发展较快的软弱地基处理方法。通过对辽源污水处理厂A?/0反应池地基处理的应用,系统介绍了振冲碎石桩在施工过程中的机械及工艺流程。并就加固机理、施工方法以及实用效果几个方面进行了阐述。说明振冲碎石桩适用于松散砂土、粉土及淤泥质粉土地层,经过成孔、排污、清孔、填料、振密,最终控制成桩,可明显改善地基承载力,对软弱地基处理效果显著,具有一定的推广价值。     

特殊性岩土膏溶角砾岩的工程特性研究

膏溶角砾岩,是含膏盐岩系中的易溶硫酸盐岩溶蚀后的角砾岩,也是工程勘察中新发现的特殊性岩土的一种新类型。对膏溶角砾岩的地质背景、成因、工程地质特征进行了系统论证。     

A Porites lutea climate record from Sodwana Bay,South Africa

We report on a 41-year (winter 1970 to winter 2010) Porites lutea coral core climate record from Two-Mile Reef, Sodwana Bay, in the South-Western Indian Ocean. X-ray analysis, ultraviolet fluorescent photography and stable isotope (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) analysis revealed skeletal high-density, late-winter and low-density, late-summer bands with very little terrestrial humic input. An overall decrease in coral growth rate was seen over this period, possibly linked to global temperature and acidification trends. The stable isotopes δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C were predominantly out of phase, with calculated temperatures showing a slight increase over the 41-year period but with an overall decrease from 1994 to 2010. The insignificant ocean warming recorded in the coral supports the existence of a local, self-regulating, cold-water upwelling system from the adjacent shelf break and canyons that is potentially moderating coastal water temperature rise in Sodwana Bay.