庐山菊花石及其形成条件和价格评定

庐山菊花石是一种天然观赏石,它的切面形似菊花,花形优美,蕴意深刻。它的形成与保存具特定的地质建造及构造条件,因此罕见珍贵,作者探讨了它的价格评定原则。     

南沙群岛遥感复合信息的珊瑚礁顶趋势面分析

基于南沙海域区域地质构造的控制与珊瑚岛礁发育及其所表观的遥感信息特征,借助数学模型和电子计算机,以遥感复合信息所建立的趋势面分析系统,模拟了南沙珊瑚岛礁顶部地理数据的空间分布及其区域性变化趋势,从而对南沙珊瑚岛礁的空间分布特征作出科学的解释与区域比较.     

Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Coral Reef Lagoon Waters: Comparative Study of Atolls and Barrier Reefs in the Indo-Pacific Oceans

Factors controlling the CO₂ system parameters, including the partial pressure of CO₂ (PCO₂) in coral reef waters, were investigated in three mid-oceanic reefs of the Indo-Pacific region. Surface water PCO₂ in the lagoons of Majuro Atoll and Palau barrier reef in the Pacific were 25 µatm and 48 µatm higher than those of the offshore waters, respectively, while South Male Atoll lagoon of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean exhibited relatively small difference in PCO₂ compared to the offshore water. Observations from Majuro Atoll and Palau barrier reef are consistent with the view that calcium carbonate production predominates in coral reefs. On the other hand, results from South Male Atoll can be attributed to the thorough flushing of the lagoon, which is connected to the open ocean by numerous deep channels. The offshore-lagoon PCO₂ difference depends on system-level net organic-to-inorganic carbon production ratio while reef topography, especially residence time of the lagoon, has a secondary effect on the magnitude of the offshore-lagoon difference. A potential for releasing CO₂ might be more evident in an enclosed atoll where the reef water has a longer residence time. Oceanic atoll and barrier reef lagoons, which are in the terminal stage of evolutionary history of oceanic volcanic islands, have the potential to release CO₂ to the atmosphere.     

Physical weathering of marbles caused by anisotropic thermal expansion

 Marbles as building stones as well as in their natural environments show complex weathering phenomena. The most important damage scenario is based on the highly anisotropic thermal expansion coefficient α of calcite, i.e. extreme expansion parallel and contraction normal to the crystallographic c-axis. Therefore, the rock fabric and especially the lattice-preferred orientation (texture) of calcite and/or dolomite as the predominant mineral phases in marbles have a significant influence on the mechanical weathering. The textures of marbles from five different locations vary from a more or less perfect prolate to moderate oblate shape of the [006] pole figure tensor. Accordingly, the texture-derived bulk thermal dilatation anisotropy covers a broad range from –0.048 to 0.680. The modelled thermal dilatations correlate with those obtained from experimental measurements. The difference in magnitude is basically explained by the microcrack fabrics which was not considered in the computations. All samples show a deterioration due to thermal treatment regardless of the strength of texture. The directional dependence of (a) the total magnitude of the thermal dilatation coefficient and (b) of the residual strain is highest in marbles with a strong texture, whereas the Carrara marble with a weak texture exhibits a uniform crack formation. The progressive loss of cohesion along grain boundaries due to dilatancy may serve as an example for the initial stage of physical weathering. Received: 10 February 1999 / Accepted: 16 October 1999     

人体泌尿系统结石及人发成分分析的意义

利用红外光谱分析法对尿路结石进行了物相分析,并用原子吸收分光光度法测定了结石和发样的微量元素,根据结石的物相特征、微量元素含量以及与人体发样微量元素含量进行对比分析,探讨了尿路结石的成因、影响因素及预防措施。     

Distribution of the genus Hypoplectrus (Teleostei: Serranidae) in the Greater Caribbean Region: support for a color‐based speciation

The reef‐associated fish genus Hypoplectrus (Serranidae), endemic to the western Atlantic Ocean, represents an ideal model to study speciation within a potentially highly dispersive (marine) ecosystem, because it consists of a complex of at least 10 morphs differentiated primarily by coloration. Although several recent studies on genetics, diet, and fertilization reveal little to no difference between the Hypoplectrus color morphs, there is still not a full understanding of what keeps these morphs distinct or drives their variation. Ecological information is needed alongside the genetic information to better understand this variation. Based on presence/absence records from scientific literature and direct observations in coral reefs, this work examined the distribution of the genus Hypoplectrus in the Greater Caribbean region. Some color morphs occurred simultaneously at given locations, but others showed geographic restrictions. Using cluster and nMDS analyses, we found three major groupings according to distribution: (i) widespread (Hypoplectrus puella, Hypoplectrus unicolor, and Hypoplectrus nigricans), (ii) less widespread (Hypoplectrus indigo, Hypoplectrus gummigutta, Hypoplectrus chlorurus, Hypoplectrus aberrans, and Hypoplectrus guttavarius), and (iii) geographically confined or segregated (Hypoplectrus gemma, Hypoplectrus providencianus). Geographic sections selected for the Greater Caribbean (eastern, western and northern) were dominated by at least three widely distributed Hypoplectrus morphs. New geographic records of some color morphs were documented and compared to previous established distribution ranges in the Greater Caribbean.     

来宾县二叠纪菊花石研究

来宾县菊花石围岩的主要成分为ＣａＯ、ＣＯ２、ＳｉＯ２和ＭｇＯ,总量达９５．９１％,微量元素Ｓｒ明显富集,平均值大于１０００×１０－６。Ｘ－射线衍射分析和Ｘ－射线能谱仪分析表明,来宾菊花石的原生矿物为菱锶矿。因此来宾菊花石不同于湖南浏阳菊花石,是一种新的菊花石类型。     

不同SST资料在海南岛和北部湾珊瑚白化预警中的适用性比较

近年来,受全球气候变化及极端天气的影响,全球范围频繁出现珊瑚礁白化现象,遥感SST已广泛应用于珊瑚白化的监测和预警中。海南岛近岸及北部湾海域的珊瑚礁近年也倍受白化压力,然而,遥感SST在海南岛近岸及北部湾海域珊瑚白化预警中的适用性尚不清楚。为此,本研究比较了3种常用的遥感SST数据(OISST、GHRSST和CoralTemp)在研究海域的异同及其在夏季珊瑚白化预警中的适用性。结果表明,GHRSST的SST最高、CoralTemp次之、OISST最低,OISST的偏差在2013年以前比较明显,GHRSST和CoralTemp在2003年之后比较接近;与浮标的现场观测值相比,2006—2020年CoralTemp的平均偏差和均方根误差分别为0.03℃和0.92℃,GHRSST为0.08℃和0.96℃,OISST为-0.25℃和1.21℃,CoralTemp在研究区域内更为准确;3种遥感SST计算的DHW与使用现场SST计算的趋势一致,CoralTemp的结果更为接近现场SST。因此,3种遥感SST资料中,CoralTemp相对来说更适用于研究海域。     

鹿回头佳丽鹿角珊瑚卵母细胞发育的组织学研究

海南省三亚市鹿回头海域珊瑚礁生态系统退化严重,为了恢复珊瑚礁资源,引进国际上最新的珊瑚礁恢复策略--捕获珊瑚幼虫安放到珊瑚礁退化区域,该策略的重点是准确掌握珊瑚的排卵时间.实验通过组织学分析珊瑚卵母细胞发育情况从而判定珊瑚的排卵时间,而野外的珊瑚幼虫捕获实验也证实我们对排卵时间的判断.通过观测卵母细胞的发育情况,我们确定佳丽鹿角珊瑚Acropora pulchra的排卵时间为4月底5月初.同时也证实佳丽鹿角珊瑚共生的虫黄藻Zooxanthellae是后天获得的.将组织学分析应用到珊瑚礁的恢复中来,使得以后大量的捕获珊瑚幼虫,加快对珊瑚礁退化区域进行恢复成为可能.