线与面目标间拓扑关系的层次表达方法

拓扑关系已广泛应用于空间查询、相似性分析、制图综合、不一致性探测以及空间推理等实际应用中。本文研究IR2中一条线与一个简单面目标拓扑关系的描述和区分方法,采用的基本策略是分解与组合方法。首先,将线/面拓扑关系分为两类:基本关系和复合关系。其中复合关系描述为若干个基本关系的组合,即基本关系的一个集合。然后,提出了基本拓扑关系分类和区分方法,建立了相应的层次概念邻域图。针对复合拓扑关系,从空间集合的角度提出了具有三个层次的拓扑不变量,分别是(a)集合层次上的分离数和维数,(b)元素层次上的交分量类型和(c)综合层次上的交分量序列。分析发现,在IR2中一条线与一个简单面目标间具有16种潜在的基本关系。其中,它们的13种是描述复合线/面关系的基本构成单元。     

一种改进的空间上下文点云分类方法

考虑到点云数据具有线性分布和密度不均匀的特点,以及现有复杂场景点云分类方法中缺少对非局部空间上下文信息的有效利用,提出了一种改进的空间上下文点云分类方法。该方法在提取点云数据顾及曲率的自适应邻域的基础上,首先估算点云局部特征与依赖性空间上下文,并基于超级体素提取分布性空间上下文,最后采用高阶条件随机场模型,实现对点云数据的自动分类,避免了利用单一点云局部特征分类的局限性。试验结果表明,本文方法能够有效提高点云数据地物分类精度。     

集成GIS和细胞自动机模型进行地理时空过程模拟与预测的新方法

目前商用地理信息系统（GIS）不能完整地表达地理实体的时态信息和时空关系，缺乏时空分析和时空动态模拟的能力，这已成为GIS界的一个共识，然而，未来GIS在各应用领域的深入发展以及在实现“数字地球”战略过程中，都要求发展新的时空分析和模拟方法，细胞自动机（Cellular Automaton)是一种“自下而上”的动态模拟建模框架，具有模拟地理复要系统时空演化过程的能力，首先将标准CA模型的4元组进行扩展以满足GIS环境下时空动态模型的要求，然后以城市土地利用演化这一动态过程为例，建立了土地利用演化动态模拟与预测模型（LESP），最后运用此模型对包头市城市扩展和土地可持续利用演化进行了比较成功的模拟和预测。     

The broken promises of social mix: the case of the Cabrini Green/Near North area in Chicago

Public policies of social mixing have been enacted as the reversal of what segregation and concentrated poverty are presumed to have produced: intensified social problems (i.e., “neighborhood effects”). In addition, the pervasive discourses of diversity have provided more support for the idea of social mixing. Studies on planned and unplanned diverse neighborhoods have shown how certain diverse patterns can emerge and endure over time. Yet these studies have failed to explain how such demographic diversity becomes integration. In this article, I draw on a multidimensional perspective of socio-spatial integration to present a qualitative case study of the Cabrini Green/Near North area in Chicago—a neighborhood with a long history of segregation and recent socially engineered diversity. The case shows how contentious this new coexistence has been, and how segregation has been shifting its mechanisms of enforcement from housing to other spheres of life. I conclude with reflections on four dimensions of socio-spatial integration, and on the troubling policy and theoretical implications of the “social mix” paradigm.     

Multiethnic Economic Activity Along Three Immigrant Corridors in Paris

Ethnic neighborhoods and ethnic economies do not always involve a single nationality or ethnic group. Quite often several groups operate side by side in the neighborhood and within the establishments themselves. This can give rise to a modification of the ethnic economy concept. We discuss an example of such a multiethnic residential and business district in Paris, the Goutte d’Or, with particular attention to three shopping streets. Although somewhat distinct from one another, each of these streets is multiethnic in regard to the proprietors, employees, and customers, and this multiethnicity extends within the establishments themselves. The primary questions we ask in this article are, first, what the nature of this ethnic economy is and how it fits within the different types of ethnic economy. Beyond this, we demonstrate how the activities taking place here reflect separate circuits of activity at separate spatial scales and what this ethnic business activity suggests for immigrant incorporation in Paris and the nature of cross-ethnic relations. To answer these questions, we rely on observation, interviews with several merchants in defined commercial corridors, and some official statistical and political information gleaned from various government sources. This Parisian neighborhood exemplifies strategies of immigrant incorporation into French society. As such, it provides a possible new model of a multiethnic economy, one that might become a common fixture in increasingly diverse cities in the world.     

学校分区问题混合元启发算法研究

中国城市义务教育学校采用单校划片或多校划片的方式确定招生范围,落实就近入学的法律要求。针对多校划片这一新的学校分区问题,提出“先学校分组,再学生分派”的策略进行划片,并设计了学校分组线性规划模型和学校分区混合元启发算法。分区算法包括初始解构造、邻域搜索算子、破坏重建扰动、集合划分问题（SPP）建模与求解等基本模块,在多启动迭代局部搜索（ILS）算法框架中进行问题求解。通过多启动、随机搜索、破坏重建扰动等机制提升算法的多样性,并引入SPP模型提升算法的全局寻优能力。选择一个县级市和一个市辖区分别进行学校划片实验,结果表明：混合元启发算法优化性能优异且收敛性好,适用于求解单校划片和多校划片问题;SPP模型在单校划片问题中具有明显的优势。     

基于邻域投票和Harris-SIFT特征的低空遥感影像匹配

文中提出一种基于邻域投票和改进的Harris-SIFT特征的低空遥感影像匹配方法。首先用NMS算法提取多尺度的Harris-SIFT特征并对其进行方向描述,然后根据最近邻与次近邻特征点距离之比确定初始匹配点对,最后通过近邻域选择投票的方法剔除候选点中的虚假匹配点,进而实现低空遥感影像的配准。实验表明该算法在获得充足匹配点且保证匹配精度的同时,明显提高影像匹配的效率。     

弦图的团复盖和邻域复盖

证明了弦图的团二分图是子树二分图,从而把弦图上一般形式的团复盖问题化为弦图上的对点团复盖,可以在多项式时间内求解。对强弦图上的邻域复盖问题,本文提出两条求解途径:一是化为弦图上的团复盖问题,一是化为可用组合方法求解的线性规划问题。     

1947～2007年上海中心城区居住空间分异变化——基于居住用地类型视角

采用4种分异度测度模型,在街坊尺度和乡镇尺度下,对上海中心城区1947～2007年11个时相的各类居住用地空间分异程度进行计算。发现1949年后各类居住用地分异度呈现不同的波动过程。不同时期居住用地总体分异程度的计算表明,1949年前空间分异严重,计划经济时期有所降低,转型期则又明显上升。不同时期居住用地等级高低与其分异度大小呈现不同的结构特征,1949年前高等级居住用地分异度高、中低等级居住用地分异度较低,形成"一高两低"结构;计划经济时期则是居住用地等级越高,分异度越大的"正相关"结构;90年代后则是最高和最低等级的居住用地分异度高,而中等居住用地分异度最低的"V"型结构。不同时期居住用地空间分异结构特征间的演进,直接原因是新式住宅的建设和旧城的改造,深层次原因则是土地使用制度的变迁和城市空间组织模式的转变。     

On the nature of the purported common proper motion companions to the exoplanet host star 51 Peg

Greaves (2006) proposed that three red, high proper motion stars within 10° of 51 Peg (NLTT 54007, 54064, and 55547) are co‐moving companions to this famous exoplanet host star. While the stars clearly have proper motions similar to 51 Peg, the inferred kinematic parallaxes for these stars produce extremely inconsistent color‐magnitude positions 2 to 4 magnitudes below the main sequence. All three stars are likely to be background stars unrelated to 51 Peg (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)