Tomographic determination of 3－D crustal structure──Joint inversion of explosion and earthquake data

Ｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆ３－Ｄｃｒｕｓｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ──Ｊｏｉｎｔｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆｅｘｐｌｏｓｉｏｎａｎｄｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ　ｄａｔａＸｉａｎ－ＫａｎｇＺＨＡＮＧ（张先康）；Ｚｈｕｏ－ＸｉｎＹＡＮＧ（杨卓...     

Time series of multivariate data in aquatic ecology

Coupling of multivariate methods and time series analysis can be ueful for studying dynamics of aquatic communities. This is demonstratred with a data set from the pelagic area of an oligo-mesotrophic lake in Central Spain during 61 consecutive days of Autumn overturn. Abiotic variables, phytoplankton species and their total biomass were traced. Species abundance and specific biomass were considered as indices of community structure and resource partitioning, respectively. Abiotic and algal data sets were subjected to factor analyses of cases separately. Atmospheric forcing and nitrogen could be considered as the main (2) driving variables of the abiotic matrix. The coupling of motile abilities and cell size was associated to the main factors of the community structure matrix whereas phosphorus limitation and species responses to buoyancy represented the main factors of the biomass matrix. Coordinates of the two first factors could be used to mimic the trajectories in the data space. Significant short term lags (1–4 days) were found in most time series. Lagged responses of atmospheric forcing and nitrogen on phytoplankton community structure and resource partitioning at scales of 1–7 days were also shown. Overall phytoplankton biomass did not show significant delayed responses, thereby suggesting that it might be resulting from the interplay of other non-studied factors.     

地震—大地电磁数据非线性联合反演方法研究

在地球物理数据广义线性联合反演方法的基础上，研究了地球物理数据非线性联合反演方法。对这两种方法的反演效果进行了比较、分析，得出了非线性联合反演方法比广义线性联合反演方法更优越的结论。还对解决迭代公式中数量级不一致的问题进行了论述     

辽宁省东部山区泥石流形成因素的探讨

从辽宁省东部山区泥石流暴发的特点看，暴雨只是泥石流发生的一个激发因素。泥石流活动区分布于地壳快速上升，地震活动频繁的地带，泥石流活动的高潮与该区地震活动期基本一致，由此说明辽宁东部山区泥石流其孕育、发展和活动主要受内力地质作用所控制．     

地震-重力联合反演中的非块状一致性模型

完善地震-重力联合反演的一个重要措施是建立一致性模型.本文按照地震测深的常用办法,采用二维四边形非块状模型,通过网格节点的密度值来刻划连续性或间断性的物性分布.四边形单元内部的密度分布为双线性函数,本文给出了重力异常的严谨解析式.计算中可采用模型分解技术,将四边形化为矩形与直角三角形的组合,简化程序设计.算法的实施有两种途径:独立单元法和整体模型法.在联合反演的数值模拟中,还推出了剪切模量μ模型以及纵波速度V_P,与密度ρ的分布关系.     

Joint simulation of multiple variables with a Markov-type coregionalization model

Many applications are multivariate in character and call for stochastic images of the joint spatial variability of multiple variables conditioned by a prior model of covariances and cross- covariances. This paper presents an algorithm to perform cosimulation of such spatially intercorrelated variables. This new algorithm builds on a Markov-type hypothesis whereby collocated information screens further away data of the same type, allowing cosimulation without the burden of a full cokriging. The proposed algorithm is checked against a synthetic multi-Gaussian reference dataset, then against a multi-Gaussian cosimulation approach using full cokriging. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm perform as well as the full cokriging approach in reproducing the univariate and bivariate statistics of the reference set, yet at less cpu cost.     

岩体结构面强度的 Mohr—Coulomb破坏判据与 Barton破坏判据的试验对比

岩体结构面强度是工程岩体稳定性设计中的重要参数,目前工程上常用的两个强度判据,即Mohr-Coulomb准则和Barton准则有各自适用条件。本文在对七组具不同岩性、不同粗糙度及起伏度红层样品进行试验的基础上,探讨了在试验过程中所揭示的强度周期性变化现象,同时基于两准则试验数据,分析了它们之间的区别,获得一些重要结论.即JRC、JCS越大,两准则差别越大;在低法向应力下两准则较接近,在高法向应力时,MC准则偏于危险。     

Censoring and edge effects in areal and line transect sampling of rock joint traces

This paper reviews techniques for correcting for bias incurred when incomplete observations form part of a data set. The similarities and differences between biases due to censoring and edge effects are emphasized, the latter being of importance when the distribution of joint traces is estimated from an exposure. A new technique for analyzing line transect data is presented, and a new analysis of published data on joint trace lengths given.     

结构面粗糙度统计测量最小样本数确定方法

由于结构面粗糙度具有各质异性、各向异性、非均一性和尺寸效应等特征，结构面粗糙度系数（JRC）取值具有不确定性，工程中广泛采用统计方法来分析结构面粗糙度性质，然而以往研究往往忽略样本数不足对统计结果的影响。针对结构面粗糙度统计测量时无法确定合理样本数的问题，分别提出基于变异系数级比分析及简单随机抽样原理的最小样本数确定方法。以实际工程岩体结构面表面数据为研究对象，对比分析两种方法在系列尺寸下确定的统计测量最小样本数。实例分析表明：小尺寸样本的变异系数（CV）值明显大于大尺寸样本，且CV值随取样尺寸的增大而减小，取样尺寸为10～50 cm的CV值基本稳定在0.31～0.47之间，取样尺寸为60～100 cm的CV值基本稳定在0.21～0.31之间；最小样本数与取样尺寸基本满足幂函数关系，且最小样本数随取样尺寸的增大而减少；系列尺寸下级比分析方法在允许误差为±2%时确定的最小样本数与简单随机抽样原理在最大允许误差为10%、置信度为95%时计算的最小样本数是一致的，相似度大于0.997。该研究方法可为工程岩体中定量获取结构面粗糙度统计测量最小样本数提供依据，保证了JRC（结构面粗糙度系数）统计测量结果的准确性，对工程岩体稳定性评价中结构面力学参数的准确获取具有重要意义。     

祁连山中东段地区三维速度结构研究

应用中——法数字化地震台网自1996年以来所记录到的微震S-P资料，对祁连山中东段地区三维速度结构与震源参数进行了联合反演，获得了该区的三维速度成像．速度结果反映出深部构造的一些重要信息，为进一步研究该区的活动构造及地震参数计算，提供了科学依据．