逐步线性回归法实现天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)表型性状与体重的通径分析

选择莱州湾的天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)140只, 测量甲长(X1)、大螯动指长(X2)、甲宽(X3)、眼间距(X4)、第Ⅰ侧齿间距(X5)、第Ⅱ侧齿间距(X6)、大螯不动指长(X7)、大螯不动指宽(X8)、大螯长节长(X9)、第Ⅰ步足长节长(X10)、体高(X11)、体重(Y)共12个指标, 采用相关分析和通径分析方法, 计算了以形态性状为自变量, 体重作依变量的通径系数、相关系数和决定系数。结果表明, 所测形态性状与体重的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01); 采用逐步线性回归的方法建立了多元回归方程Y =－16.448 + 1.063X1 + 0.466X2, 其中Y为体重(g), X1为甲长(mm), X2为大螯动指长(mm)。选取的形态性状与体重的复相关指数R2=0.856, 定量分析了形态性状对体重的影响效果。     

Oceanic upwelling produced by northerly winds on the north Canterbury coast,New Zealand

The rates of upwelling calculated from the change in temperature distribution derived from two sets of hydrological stations (0.0107 cm.r^‐1) and the rate of upwelling calculated from the wind derived transport offshore for the period between the collection of the hydrological data (0.0086 cm.s^‐1) are found to be consistent.     

The other 93%: trophic cascades,stressors and managing coastlines in non-marine protected areas

Abstract

This paper reviews interactions involving stands of macroalgae on rocky reefs, and presents new data on changing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), as a contribution to the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Leigh Marine Laboratory (LML) of the University of Auckland. The focus is on trophic interactions involving predators, sea urchins and large brown algae, particularly trophic cascades. Of the 369 publications arising from work at LML, 40 have been on key aspects of these trophic interactions. Quantitative investigations of the structure of kelp bed communities and mechanistic studies involving manipulative field-based experiments, essentially a bottom-up perspective based on habitats and key species, dominated the research through the 1980s. From the mid-1990s onwards, the focus was more on marine reserves and a hierarchical, top-down perspective of community structure, with a particular focus on the role of predatory fish, and marine reserves as a tool of management. I discuss these models of community structure of kelp beds within the wider context of the New Zealand nearshore zone, the varying biogeographic regimes around the coastline, diffuse stressors and the changing nearshore climate. I show there appears to have been a significant warming trend in SST in northeast and northwest New Zealand over the past 30 years. I conclude that a trophic effects model is unlikely to apply to much of the coastline of New Zealand, and that a model involving multiple effects, including bottom-up forces, environmental and climatic influences, species' demographics, and catchment-derived sedimentation is more appropriate for kelp communities over most of the country. New management models are needed to safeguard marine resources and the services they provide.     

Dynamics of wood fall colonization in relation to sulfide concentration in a mangrove swamp

Wood debris are an important component of mangrove marine environments. Current knowledge of the ecological role of wood falls is limited by the absence of information on metazoan colonization processes over time. The aim of this study was to provide insights to their temporal dynamics of wood eukaryotic colonization from a shallow water experiment in a mangrove swamp. Combined in situ chemical monitoring and biological surveys revealed that the succession of colonizers in the mangrove swamp relates with the rapid evolution of sulfide concentration on the wood surface. Sulfide-tolerant species are among the first colonizers and dominate over several weeks when the sulfide content is at its maximum, followed by less tolerant opportunistic species when sulfide decreases. This study supports the idea that woody debris can sustain chemosynthetic symbioses over short time-scale in tropical shallow waters.     

多孔介质中水气交替注入微观渗流模拟

针对水气交替注入(water-alternating-gas,WAG)过程中,油气水三相渗流的微观机理认识不足和油气水三相流体在多孔介质中分布规律认识不准确等问题,基于三维孔隙网络模型,应用孔隙级模拟方法,从微观角度模拟了不同润湿性多孔介质中的WAG驱替过程.结果表明:连通性较好的多孔介质中,原油主要在前两轮的WAG循环中被驱替出来;在前两轮WAG驱替之后,流体饱和度和分布规律达到比较稳定的状态,但在完全水湿模型中油相仍然在多孔介质中流动.得出的WAG驱替过程中各相流体饱和度的变化规律、各相流体分布规律和驱替类型,较好地阐述和解释了多孔介质中的微观驱替机理.     

Precambrian amphibolites and basic granulites of the south coast of Western Australia

Field relations and chemical variation trends suggest that amphibolite and basic granulite bands occurring throughout the Precambrian gneissic terrain of the south coast of Western Australia were derived from basic igneous rocks. It is not known whether the original rocks were mainly intrusive, extrusive, or pyroclastic, but occasional discordant contacts indicate that intrusive types are certainly represented.

The chemical affinities of the original magmas are not entirely clear. Present compositions suggest dominantly subalkaline affinities, although a significant proportion of the analised samples show some alkaline characteristics. Data for supposedly immobile elements (Ti, P, Zr, Nb, Y) show possible similarities to recent island‐arc and ocean‐floor basalts, but these are not sufficiently strong to permit any firm conclusions regarding the original tectonic environment of eruption or intrusion. This absence of clear chemical similarities of the amphibolites and basic granulites to basalts of any particular modern tectonic environment may suggest chemical modification during possible low‐temperature alteration (e.g. ocean‐floor or burial meta‐morphism) or subsequent high‐grade regional metamorphism and anatexis, or the inapplicability of currently recognised tectonomagmatic principles to the Precambrian.     

A New X-band Weather Radar System with Distributed Phased-Array Front-ends: Development and Preliminary Observation Results

A novel weather radar system with distributed phased-array front-ends was developed. The specifications and preliminary data synthesis of this system are presented, which comprises one back-end and three or more front-ends. Each front-end, which utilizes a phased-array digital beamforming technology, sequentially transmits four 22.5°-width beams to cover the 0°–90° elevational scan within about 0.05 s. The azimuthal detection is completed by one mechanical scan of0°–360° azimuths within about 12 s volume-scan update time. In the case of three front-ends, they are deployed according to an acute triangle to form a fine detection area(FDA). Because of the triangular deployment of multiple phased-array front-ends and a unique synchronized azimuthal scanning(SAS) rule, this new radar system is named Array Weather Radar(AWR). The back-end controls the front-ends to scan strictly in accordance with the SAS rule that assures the data time differences(DTD) among the three front-ends are less than 2 s for the same detection point in the FDA. The SAS can maintain DTD < 2 s for an expanded seven-front-end AWR. With the smallest DTD, gridded wind fields are derived from AWR data, by sampling of the interpolated grid, onto a rectangular grid of 100 m ×100 m ×100 m at a 12 s temporal resolution in the FDA. The first X-band single-polarized three-front-end AWR was deployed in field experiments in 2018 at Huanghua International Airport, China. Having completed the data synthesis and processing, the preliminary observation results of the first AWR are described herein.     

广西茅尾海牡蛎天然种苗种类鉴定和群体组成的初步分析

了解广西茅尾海牡蛎种质资源现状,有助于提高牡蛎采苗效果。通过在茅尾海采集常见5种牡蛎成体,并在牡蛎不同繁殖高峰期分别采集牡蛎D型幼虫DⅠ、DⅡ,在不同附着期分别采集牡蛎幼苗MⅠ、MⅡ、MⅢ,采用多重PCR技术对牡蛎成体、稚贝及幼虫进行种类鉴定。香港巨牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)在茅尾海牡蛎稚贝和幼虫高峰期均属于优势种;稚贝中香港巨牡蛎、有明巨牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)和熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)3个种类的平均比例分别为88.3%、6.7%和5.0%,香港巨牡蛎与熊本牡蛎、有名巨牡蛎相比差异显著(P0.05),熊本牡蛎与有明巨牡蛎差异不显著(P0.05)。香港巨牡蛎是茅尾海牡蛎优势种,7月12日之前投放采苗器可采集到数量多、种类单一的香港巨牡蛎。7月12日之后投放采苗器,附着的稚贝中有明巨牡蛎和熊本牡蛎比例增加,影响采苗效果及养殖生产。     

机载LiDAR数据的多回波信息分析及滤波方案

本文通过分析机载LiDAR系统获取的激光数据的多回波特性,阐述了多回波信息对地物类型信息的揭示作用,并将多回波特性用于减少参与滤波的激光脚点数量。实验证明,本文提出的滤波方案,可以预先剔除掉大部分的植被激光脚点和部分的建筑物激光脚点,这既减少了参与滤波的数据量,又可以改善滤波算法对建筑物和植被的滤除效果。     

基于多核学习的高分辨率遥感图像目标检测方法

为更有效地实现复杂场景中的多类目标同时检测,本文提出了一种基于多核学习算法进行目标检测的框架。该方法由特征提取和模型训练2个阶段组成。特征提取阶段,引入了多尺度下的点特征、表观特征同时对多类目标进行综合描述;模型训练阶段,分别采用加权相加和相乘2种方法将提取的各个基础特征组合起来,在支持向量机的框架下对各特征所代表的基础核权重进行学习。将训练所得的分类器结合滑动窗搜索技术对遥感图像进行目标检测实验,结果表明,与传统单核支持向量机相比,准确率更高。