The structure of the Baltic Shield region on the basis of DSS and earthquake data

The lithospheric models obtained for the Baltic Shield by using deep seismic soundings are discussed and results from different parts of the shield are compared with models achieved by the investigation of surface waves and of P to S converted waves. The results are found to agree rather well with each other particularly with regard to the first interface (at a depth of 10–15 km) and the whole thickness of the crust (c. 40 km). The macroseismic focal depth determinations of regional earthquakes are correlated with lithospheric structure. The main maximum in the focal depth distributions of Finnish earthquakes occur at a depth of 10–12 km. The geographical distribution of the earthquake epicentres suggests several seismo-active zones in the northern Baltic Shield. One new finding in this field concerns the Lapland zone, which runs in a north-westerly direction.     

电法在濒海及岛屿地区寻找地下淡水中的应用

采用电法的基本原理，研究各种不同岩性和成淡水的电性差畀，划分地下成淡水分界面。在严重缺水的濒海及岛屿地区找到了较好的地下淡水，解决了守岛部队吃水难的问题。     

探地雷达技术在隧道掘进预报中的应用

以探测实例阐明了探地雷达技术在隧道掘进预报中的应用     

赣杭构造带中段岩石圈电性结构研究

赣杭构造带（简称赣杭带）位于扬子板块和华夏板块的结合部,是中国重要的铀多金属矿成矿带,发育一系列中酸性火山—侵入杂岩;前人对岩浆喷发和侵入的地球动力学背景仍然存在诸多争议。文章对赣杭带中段（盛源盆地）及邻区收集的大地电磁测深（MT）数据,利用MT相位张量分解技术、二维非线性共轭梯度法（NLCG）等技术手段进行处理和反演获得到了研究区可靠的岩石圈电性结构。结合已有资料分析表明：赣杭带中段浅部火山—侵入杂岩带存在东南方向下倾的高导带和深部软流圈高导区且相连,揭示了该地区中酸性岩浆活动受区域江绍深断裂控制,在晚中生代岩石圈伸展作用下沿着区域深断裂上升侵入和喷发形成火山—侵入杂岩;该岩浆活动处在伸展构造环境与同期Izanagi板块俯冲后撤有关。     

MT方法在冀东迁安铁矿区深部找矿中的异常识别

文章叙述了通过MT方法在已知矿体上的剖面试验,结合钻探验证的3个钻孔的见矿情况,以及电偶极子人工场源对观测数据影响的对比、分析,指出依据航磁异常布设、采集的大地电磁剖面测深数据,尽管测点位于生产矿区,数据受到较严重的人文噪声干扰,且其部分频段异常形态与近区特征非常相似,实际上应为数据反演过程中所用软件未曾考虑铁矿石磁导率所致,而非近区效应;当一维视电阻率和相位曲线自几千赫兹以上即出现类似近区特征,二维反演剖面中的假象视电阻率异常高达几千至几万欧姆米时,应为有较强磁性的岩石和磁铁矿的反映;具有一定磁性的岩石和磁铁石英岩（包括磁铁石英辉石岩）在假象视电阻率异常强度、异常梯度变化上具有不同特征,可结合岩、矿石的电性、磁性特征予以识别.     

The 1.80–1.74-Ga gabbro–anorthosite–rapakivi Korosten Pluton in the Ukrainian Shield: a 3-D geophysical reconstruction of deep structure

The deep structure of the gabbro–anorthosite–rapakivi granite (“AMCG-type”) Korosten Pluton (KP) in the northwestern Ukrainian Shield was studied by 3-D modelling of the gravity and magnetic fields together with previous seismic data. The KP occupies an area of ca. 12,500 km² and comprises several layered gabbro-anorthositic intrusions enveloped by large volumes of rapakivi-type granitoids. Between 1.80 and 1.74 Ga, the emplacement of mafic and associated granitoid melts took place in several pulses. The 3-D geophysical reconstruction included: (a) modelling of the density distribution in the crust using the observed Bouguer anomaly field constrained by seismic data on Moho depth, and (b) modelling of the magnetic anomaly field in order to outline rock domains of various magnetisation, size and shape in the upper and lower crust. The density modelling was referred to three depth levels of 0 to 5, 5 to 18, and 18 km to Moho, respectively. The 3-D reconstruction demonstrates close links between the subsurface geology of the KP and the structure of the lower crust. The existence of a non-magnetic body with anomalously high seismic velocity and density is documented. Most plausibly, it represents a gabbroic stock (a parent magma chamber) with a vertical extent of ca. 20 km, penetrating the entire lower crust. This stock has a half-cylindrical shape and a diameter of ca. 90 km. It appears to be connected with a crust–mantle transitional lens previously discovered by EUROBRIDGE seismic profiling. The position of the stock relative to the subsurface outlines of the KP is somewhat asymmetric. This may be due to a connection between the magmatism and sets of opposite-dipping faults initially developed during late Palaeoproterozoic collisional deformation in the Sarmatian crustal segment. Continuing movements and disturbances of the upper mantle and the lower crust during post-collisional tectonic events between 1.80 and 1.74 Ga may account for the long-lived, recurrent AMCG magmatism.     

直流激电测深二维反演的若干问题研究

目前,激电数据的二维反演主要针对高密度激电数据,而对于常规的激电测深则很少涉及.据此,针对常规激电测深二维反演所涉及到的一些技术难点进行探讨.在正演过程中,根据实测数据实现有限元网格自动剖分,并采用双网格系统,用相邻节点电导率双线性连续进行有限元模拟,并对模拟的误差进行校正.在反演过程中,利用互换原理和Broyden的方法计算偏导数矩阵;采用与奇异值分解算法精度相当的共轭梯度算法求解偏导数矩阵方程.最后通过对模拟数据和实测数据进行反演试算,验证本计算方法是可行的.     

河南下汤温泉与车村—鲁山断裂的关系及电测深法在其勘查中的应用

通过对车村—鲁山大断裂与河南鲁山五大温泉关系的探讨,并应用激电测深法勘探、RGIS软件反演解释技术,查明下汤温泉东西两侧1 500 m范围内水文地质条件,认为下汤温泉即受控于近东西向车村—鲁山断裂(F1),也受控于北东向F4断裂。前者为一级控热导热构造,是深部热源向上对流的主要通道;后者为二级控热导热构造。在地形和水头压差的驱动下,地下水沿着断裂带自西向东缓慢的运移,期间受地壳内部热源传导,在排泄区受到北东向F4断裂的控制,向地表运移,出露成泉。     

The response of subaqueous dunes to floods in sand and gravel bed reaches of the Dutch Rhine

Abstract The branches of the River Rhine in the Netherlands, characterized by a sand–gravel bed in the upstream part and a sand bed in the downstream part of the river system, show migrating dunes, especially during floods. In the last 20 years, these dunes have been studied extensively. High-resolution echo-sounding measurements of these dunes, made with single and multibeam equipment, were analysed for three different sections of the Rhine river system during several floods. This analysis was done to quantify the growth, decay and migration rates of the dunes during floods. In addition, the migrating dunes were used to calculate bedload transport rates with dune tracking. The results of dune growth and decay and migration rate are shown to be very different for the various sections during the various floods, and these differences are related to differences in grain size of the bed and to differences in the distribution of discharge over the main channel and the floodplain. The relations are used to show that the growth and migration rate of dunes, and the calculated bedload transport rates during the rising stage of a flood wave can be predicted from the mobility of the bed material with simple power relations.     

EH-4电磁系统在寻找地下水中的应用

EH-4电磁成像系统具有勘查深度大、轻便高效、反映成果直观等特点。在寻找地下水及水文地质方面得到了广泛的应用。为帮助青海省平安县严重缺水南部山区寻找地下水,选用了EH-4电磁系统进行剖面探测,通过确定该区内隐伏断层的位置及断层破碎带,进行构造找水,实践证明:以其他电磁法相比,EH-4电磁成像系统穿透力强、不受浅部高阻层的影响,适用性强、效率高。