GeoSwath相干多波束系统原始数据的解析

通过分析GeoAcoustics公司的GeoSwath相干多波束系统的二进制原始文件结构,使用VC 6.0设计出各传感器字段的数据结构,并编程实现相干多波束数据的提取和图形可视化。该技术方法对于GeoSwath系统多波束数据的提取和分析处理有参考意义。     

多波束在海底复杂地形条件下大比例尺测量方法探讨

文章主要对使用大比例尺进行海底地形测量方法进行了简要的描述,测量过程中的方法技术、数据处理方法、测量效果说明多波束在复杂地形条件下可以取得良好的效果。     

浅水多波束系统SONIC 2024在码头测深中的应用

文中介绍浅水多波束系统SONIC 2024的技术优点,从姿态参数校正、潮汐改正、声速改正、测线滤波及曲面滤波等方面探讨多波束数据处理的关键技术。以码头实测数据验证该系统在水深测量应用中的便捷性和可靠性。     

抗差估计的多波束测深数据内插方法

针对传统多波束测深数据网格化内插方法抗差性不足的问题,该文将抗差估计理论应用于网格化内插方法中。基于不确定度指标建立了距离不确定度联合加权内插模型,在该模型的权函数中引入了等价权,同时给出了等价权设计方案及迭代初值确定原则,以增强模型的抗差性;介绍了一种节点邻域参考点合理选取方法,给出了改进内插法实现的基本步骤,最后通过实测数据对反距离加权法、联合加权法及改进方法内插水深质量进行比较。结果表明,改进方法内插结果要优于另外两种方法,可应用于多波束测深数据网格化处理中。     

浅水多波束测深仪高分辨率波束形成方法研究

常规波束形成技术以其稳健性好、计算量低等特点得到广泛应用,但其空间分辨率受阵元个数限制,不能突破瑞利限。因此,常规波束形成技术应用于高精度浅水多波束测深仪时,存在空间分辨率不足和旁瓣干扰等问题。对比研究了最小方差无失真(MVDR)及多重信号分类(MUSIC)波束形成在浅水多波束测深仪中的应用,给出了浅水多波束测深仪的常规波束形成、MVDR和MUSIC处理方法,并结合能量法和相位法两种底检测测深算法,处理了iBeam8120浅水多波束测深仪外场数据,验证了本文方法的性能。     

基于Kongsberg EM多波束的Snippet数据处理方法

多波束声呐记录的海底后向散射片段(Snippet)数据处理成角度响应曲线和地理编码(Mosaic)图像可以 帮助识别海底底质类型和反映地貌形态,这一过程包括辐射校正、角度响应改正(AVG)和几何地理编码,但不同的多波束系统硬件在辐射校正和角度响应改正方法上存在差异且传统处理方法忽略了声呐系统本身的指向性模型随时间变化的事实。以声呐方程为基础,针对Kongsberg EM 多波束系统提出了一套完整的Snippet数据处理流程,并分析了各步骤中存在的可变性,给出了每一步的处理建议,最后将此方法应用于EM2040浅水多波束实测数据,并验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

边带分离型超导SIS接收机本振耦合噪声研究

超导SIS (Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor)接收机因极低的接收机噪声温度成为毫米波和亚毫米波段射电天文观测的首选.本振系统耦合噪声也是接收机噪声的一部分,在多年的天文观测中,发现本振耦合噪声无法完全忽略,对天文观测的灵敏度有一定影响.采用两个不同种类的信号发生器作为本振系统初级信号源,测试了超导SIS接收机的噪声温度,发现信号发生器输出的基底噪声能够耦合到接收机内部,从而增加接收机噪声强度.分析研究了本振系统热噪声和信号发生器基底噪声对接收机噪声的影响.通过在信号发生器输入端加入窄带滤波器滤除其基底噪声,消除了信号发生器基底噪声引入的接收机噪声,降低了接收机的整体噪声,提高了望远镜的灵敏度.     

Channelled erosion through a marine dump site of dredge spoils at the mouth of the Puyallup River, Washington State, USA

Channels are relatively common on river-mouth deltas, but the process by which they arise from river sediment discharge is unclear because they can potentially be explained either by negatively buoyant (hyperpycnal) flows produced directly from the river outflow or by flows generated by repeated failure and mobilisation of sediment rapidly deposited at the delta front. Channels eroded through a dump site of dredge spoils are described here from multibeam and older sonar data collected in Commencement Bay, at the mouth of the Puyallup River. Shallow channels on the seaward upper surface of the dump site, away from any flows that could have been produced by delta front failures, suggest that at least some hyperpycnal flows were produced directly from the positively buoyant river outflow up to 200 m from the edge of the river mouth platform. The form of channel bed erosion is revealed by the longitudinal shape of the main eroded channel compared with the adjacent dump site profile. It suggests that the channel evolved by its steep front retreating, rather than by simple vertical entrenchment or diffusive-like evolution of the profile, a geometry interpreted as evidence that repeated failure of the bed occurred in response to shear stress imposed by bottom-travelling flows. Model calculations based on shear strengths back-calculated from the geometry of channel wall failures suggest that, if the main channel were eroded solely by hyperpycnal flows, their generation was remarkably efficient in order to create flows vigorous enough to cause channel bed failure. Besides the sediment concentration and discharge characteristics that have been considered to dictate the ability of rivers to produce hyperpycnal flows, it is suggested that the timing of floods with respect to the tidal cycle should also be important because extreme low tides may be needed to ensure that coarse sediment is transferred vigorously to the edge of river mouth platforms.     

Seafloor Geomorphology and Processes on the Western Continental Margin of India based on Multibeam Acoustic Backscatter Data Analysis

An assessment of the multibeam sonar data of the central Western Continental Margins of India has been carried out to evaluate the seafloor geomorphology and processes by examining the geomorphological attributes e.g., slope, sediments, structures, etc. associated with geomorphic features. The variation in relief and the features located in the region have been mapped and interpreted collectively by utilizing several geospatial mapping tools. The backscatter strength across the area, apparently congruent with the local relief, has helped to examine the sediment movement on the seafloor. The prominent features found in the region include faults, pockmarks, mounds, submarine terraces, and submerged fossil reefs. Several areas with varying topography engender comparable fractal dimension at short scale breaks, and the probability density functions (PDFs) utilizing backscatter data depicting overlapping classes. The present study highlights how fractals and scale break parameters can be utilized to determine the seafloor processes and associated sedimentological dynamics in a complex geographical environment with strong bottom currents, seasonal upwelling, and faulted structure. The role and impact of the various geomorphic processes on the reworking of sediment movement and the overall progression of the seafloor morphology has been revealed for the first time in this part of the ocean bottom.     

北黄海海底麻坑群形态的定量研究及控制因素

本文基于高分辨率多波束水深数据和反向散射强度数据,对北黄海海底麻坑群的形态参数进行定量研究,结合水深、地形坡度和后向散射强度的变化准确界定了麻坑的轮廓,识别出圆形、椭圆形、拉长型麻坑共282个,并在ArcGIS软件中对其形态参数进行了分析计算,麻坑的平均长轴1.36 km,短轴0.78 km,直径0.94 km,面积0.88 km2,平均周长3.82 km,长宽比1.83,深度0.3~2.5 m,平均面积密集度13%,麻坑的剖面形态有麻坑边缘凹陷、中部有明显凸起（W1型）,麻坑边缘凹陷、中部略凸起（W2型）,麻坑中部单纯凹陷（V型）,分别集中分布在麻坑群的北部、南部、西部。麻坑的平面规模大、深度小的原因与地层中形成麻坑的游离气体浓度较小有关,也可能受到了地震、海啸等外力的诱发。麻坑的长轴优势走向为ENE-WSW、NNE-SSW,底流对其形状的塑造起了较大作用,部分麻坑成串排列,形成串珠状的麻坑链,其排列方式受到海底古河道、古潟湖等沉积地层结构的控制。海底麻坑群发育区反向散射强度为-60~-71 dB,麻坑内部较麻坑外部平均高5 dB,可能为麻坑内部气体泄漏引起海底沉积物被剥蚀后残留下的粗颗粒物质或海底生物活动留下的遗迹导致的。