多波束测深系统内部参数的设定与校准

以EM710RD多波束测深系统为例,通过高精度测量获得的系统参数,对该系统内部参数的设定与校准过程进行详细分析,从而为多波束测量外业工作提供参考依据。     

基于多波束测深系统的水下成像技术

为实现多波束测深系统的一体化探测功能,研究分析了利用快拍法进行多波束水下成像的基本原理,并考虑实际中的水声环境和多波束测深系统自身的复杂性,对用于成像的位置数据和散射强度数据进行了修正,湖上试验数据的处理结果表明了该方法对水中目标的探测能力,验证了其工程应用的可行性。     

多波束资料在胶州湾口海底节理构造研究中的应用

利用2004年5月在青岛胶州湾口获得的高分辨率多波束资料(水平分辨率0.5m×1m,垂向分辨率0.2m),研究了该区海底节理构造及其分布规律,揭示青岛胶州湾团岛至薛家岛的研究区域中存在大量线性微地形,在海底地形图上表现为2组相交的“X”型线性阴影(一组为NE向,另一组为NW向),把整个海底切割成菱形格状。结合侧扫声纳探测等资料分析,认为这种线性微地形可能代表了海底出露的节理(裂隙)微构造。     

Computer simulation of multibeam echo sounding over rough seafloor

A computer code that simulates multibeam echo‐sounding over realistic (three‐dimensional) bathymetry was used to compare available sounding systems. Two‐dimensional modeling dealt with the resolution of seafloor bathymetry and with the effect of postprocessing algorithms for some typical multibeam systems. The 2‐D bathymetric inputs were idealized bottom features. Three‐dimensional modeling dealt with the gross character of the seafloor, as detected by echo‐sounding systems. The 3‐D bathymetric inputs were realizations of terrain generated by a stochastic model of seafloor roughness. Three‐dimensional modeling indicated that the sounding system may slightly shift the location of peaks within the beam footprint. In addition, the simulated measurements were more sensitive to low‐wavenumber features (i.e., large‐scale roughness) than to high‐wavenumber features (i.e., small‐scale roughness). Resolution gradually decreased with increasing distance from centerline, due to the increasing footprint size of beams at increasing angular distance from the vertical. Lineated terrain was also smoothed by simulated echo‐sounding; lineations may indeed remain undetected if sounding system parameters are not properly selected. Inversion of the simulated measurements indicated that echo‐sounding measurements are dependent not only on the characteristics of the sounding system itself, but on other factors such as the character of the roughness and the orientation of the survey relative to the strike of lineations. The modeling technique provides a way to quantify the system response of a multibeam echo‐sounding system. This work resulted in recommendations as to the most appropriate system for an application in an area of rough bathymetry, and it led to the establishment of criteria for comparing multibeam systems in future applications.     

A generic swath‐mapping data format

There is a pressing need for standardization of data derived from bathy‐metric swath‐mapping systems. Currently several dozen multibeam and sidescan sonar data formats exist within the oceanographic community, and more can be expected as new systems are developed. Without some standardization of swath‐mapping data formats, the capability for use and integration of data from different systems will be severely compromised.

This paper presents a strategy for organizing swath bathymetry data in a logical modular fashion that will allow data from all current swath bathymetric sonar systems to be stored and accessed in a common fashion. We have chosen the approach of defining compact efficient modules for each logically independent portion of a data record and storing it in a manner that is portable between diverse computer architectures and operating systems. This approach is extensible to accommodate new types of data. Although specifically developed for swath bathymetry, this format is also capable of supporting digital sidescan data and other types of swath data.     

Qualitative and Quantitative Description of Multibeam Echosounder Systematic Errors on Rocky Areas

This paper deals with the problem of systematic depth errors made in surveying dumped rocks with multibeam echosounder. These errors may induce dangers for navigation in very shallow water areas or huge costs for coastal engineering contractors who perform rock dumping operation and surveying. We analyze results from four different multibeam echosounder systems and compare those data to a reference digital terrain model of a dumped rocks area obtained from a 3D terrestrial laser scanner. The systematic depth errors are statistically described and analysed on local areas. Finally, we propose a look-up table linking the error amplitude with the rock size, resulting from our error analysis.     

障碍物探测方法探讨

介绍了侧扫声纳、多波束测深系统、磁力仪的工作原理,提出了障碍物探测的相关技术要求。实例分析了综合利用侧扫声纳、多波束进行沉船探测的方法,结合侧扫声图和多波束水深探明障碍物的精确位置,测得最浅点水深,全面获得障碍物信息,大大提高了探测质量。对铁磁性小目标探测能力进行评估,并用实例加以分析和佐证。     

C3D测深侧扫声纳探测系统综述

对C3D测深侧扫声纳系统的构成、工作原理、性能、优点、应用等进行了介绍,对基于C3D构建水下探测系统和工程实践进行了研究,对C3D数据处理工具和方法进行了探讨,对C3D的优势、不足和应用前景进行了总结。实测表明,C3D是一款性能优越能够满足多种水下工程需要的声纳探测系统。     

单波束测深数据的插值精度分析

基于误差传播定律,对稀疏的离散水深点内插值进行了精度分析,建立了单波束水深内插值中误差表达的数学模型,利用我国南方某海岸带的3个试验区的进行了试验。试验结果表明,反距离加权法、Shepard法和线性插值三角网法,辅以自适应搜索半径法,内插水深值粗差比例普遍低于5%,质量与效率上为较优的插值模型;内插值精度与数据源精度有关,但与数据源密度关系不大;在给定深度测量极限误差情况下,建议在制定有关数字水深模型标准时,对水深在20 m以内的格网点水深值极限误差可设置为0.4 m。