单波束测深数据的插值精度分析

基于误差传播定律,对稀疏的离散水深点内插值进行了精度分析,建立了单波束水深内插值中误差表达的数学模型,利用我国南方某海岸带的3个试验区的进行了试验。试验结果表明,反距离加权法、Shepard法和线性插值三角网法,辅以自适应搜索半径法,内插水深值粗差比例普遍低于5%,质量与效率上为较优的插值模型;内插值精度与数据源精度有关,但与数据源密度关系不大;在给定深度测量极限误差情况下,建议在制定有关数字水深模型标准时,对水深在20 m以内的格网点水深值极限误差可设置为0.4 m。     

Seafloor sediment classification based on multibeam sonar data

The multibeam sonars can provide hydrographic quality depth data as well as hold the potential to provide calibrated measurements of the seafloor acoustic backscattering strength. There has been much interest in utilizing backscatters and images from multibeam sonar for seabed type identification and most results are obtained. This paper has presented a focused review of several main methods and recent developments of seafloor classification utilizing multibeam sonar data or/and images. These are including the power spectral analysis methods, the texture analysis, traditional Bayesian classification theory and the most active neural network approaches.     

Orthogonal intersections of megatrends in the Western Pacific ocean basin: a case study of the Mid-Pacific mountains

Present-day tectonic concepts of events on the western paleo-Pacific lithosphere must be assessed relative to new data. Data collected by the newer techniques of geophysical surveying reveal leaky fracture zones, trending NNW–SSE and WSW–ENE; non-sequential in-line ages on most seamount chains; and orthogonal intersections of fracture zones. The fracture zones meander, braid, merge, splay, start and stop at any place, and are generally aligned with, or contain, linear chains of seamount. The combination of these in-line features is called megatrends. When the GEOSAT data are compared to the available bathymetry, this seemingly jumbled tectonic structure is verified. As the pole of rotation changes, the stress field changes alignment to agree with the Chandler wobble of Earth. Younger megatrends, propagating ever eastward, cross the older, already imprinted megatrends. During the Cretaceous, the voluminous outpouring of igneous rock created the large Pacific plateaus and rises where the megatrends, active and inactive, orthogonally intersected. The magma floods at the intersections flowed outwardly, and the outward flooding accounts for the fanning magnetic lineations around the Manihiki, Magellan, Shatskiy, and Hess rises. A case study of the Mid-Pacific Mountains (MPM), lying in the north-central Pacific Ocean basin, shows that the MPM formed about 125–110-Ma by overprinting the orthogonal intersections of fracture zones at the Molokai and Easter/Krusenstern–Emperor megatrends and the Murray and Tubai/Mamua megatrends. The MPM have been undergoing distortion into a vortex structure, a feature which has been confirmed by updated bathymetry, GEOSAT altimetry data, and drillsite information.     

基于时间分解的多波束常梯度声线跟踪方法

针对多波束常梯度声线跟踪计算耗时和声速剖面简化导致计算精度下降的问题,在对多波束常梯度声线跟踪理论进行分析的基础上,提出了一种基于时间分解的常梯度声线跟踪方法。将波束在层内的传播时间分解为与波束入射角无关的固定项和有关的变化项,固定项对于每个声速剖面仅需计算一次,对变化项采用麦克劳林公式展开得到其一阶近似,简化了层内传播时间和水平位移的计算;同时仅对变化项应用简化的声速剖面,降低剩余传播时间计算误差。实验结果证明当波束角小于50°、层间距小于50 m或上下层声速差小于20 m/s时,近似模型与常梯度算法精度相当,时间分解法在声速剖面层间距增大时能显著提高声线跟踪的精度。     

利用相邻测线重叠区域进行多波束测深横摇运动残差改正

针对多波束测深条带边缘波束易受到姿态和声速等多种误差影响、相对中央波束数据质量较低的问题,本文提出一种利用相邻测线重叠区域对多波束测深数据边缘波束进行横摇运动残差改正的模型,提高边缘波束测深数据的质量。使用沿航向的测深点匹配插值模型,完成中央波束测深点与边缘波束测深点的匹配,得到边缘波束测深误差值;使用横摇运动残差改正模型,实现顾及姿态角的条件下补偿波束入射角。计算实例表明：本文模型能够较为准确地提取边缘波束测深误差值,改正后的海底地形削弱了误差导致的上下起伏,有效地减少了影响边缘波束的多种误差,具有实际的工程应用价值。     

在疏浚工程检测中的多波束数据后处理方法研究

在对多波束测深系统实际测量数据进行数据后处理时,由于采用不同的网格化处理方法,可能会使测量结果产生较大差异。通过对不同的网格化处理方法测量结果的影响分析,介绍了一种全新的网格化处理思路,在疏浚工程检测中,面对大量、密集的多波束测深数据,能更好地满足检测目的,使其能有效的指导疏浚工程施工或为工程竣工验收提供有力依据。     

Morphological evolution of a well‐constrained,subaerial–subaqueous source to sink system: Wabush Lake

Since 1964, the Iron Ore Company of Canada has deposited iron tailings resulting from mining operations into Wabush Lake, Western Labrador, Canada. This activity has resulted in a continuous hyperpycnal flow flowing over the lake floor. Bathymetric surveys were carried out between 1999 and 2008 as part of the overall environmental Iron Ore Company of Canada plans to maintain safe disposal strategies of tailings into the lake. Here, this dataset is used to study the evolution of different channels present in Wabush Lake and their link with knickpoints found at the head of most of these channels. The channels show notable evolution from one survey to the next. Some knickpoints and channels may be followed throughout more than one survey; the evolution of these knickpoints is the process responsible for the creation of erosional channels. The context in which they appear, as well as the evolution of some of the subaqueous channels is analysed. Cyclic steps and sediment waves are also found in the lake. These rhythmic bedforms, also created by the passage of turbidity currents, are analysed. Sediment waves found in Wabush Lake show values for both wavelength and wave height that are approximately one order of magnitude smaller than most of those found in the marine environment.     

Seabed characterization through a range of high-resolution acoustic systems – a case study offshore Oman

This study uses three acoustic instruments (different in their operating frequencies, 13, 3.5, and 6–10 kHz, and deployment type, hull-mounted, surface-towed and deep-towed) to investigate and characterize the acoustic response of seafloor NE of Oman in a frequency-independent manner. High-resolution control was achieved by having selected areas of our acoustic transects ground-truthed by sampling and/or sea-floor photography. On the regional scale, the greatest degree of change in backscatter amplitude was correlated with major changes of seabed morphology and lithology. However, small-scale roughness had the biggest effect on amplitude on the local scale, i.e. within each area of specific seafloor type. The study also shows that seafloor reflection amplitude changes are far more easily detected by deep-towed instrument than by surface-towed or hull-mounted systems. Whilst there are significant changes in bioturbation types and density along the transects, the suite of instruments deployed was not able to pick up the effect of the bioturbation on acoustic signals.     

SEABEAM1185多波束系统的测量精度分析及在堤防监测中的应用

通过与不同型号单波束测深仪的多种方式和角度的比测试验，验证了SEABEAM 1185多波束测深系统具有全覆盖扫测，测量范围大、速度快，测深精度和分辨率高等优点，突出其可靠性和稳定性。介绍了SEABEAM 1185系统的组成及其技术性能，并具体分析了系统在监测广东省某河道堤防险段的使用情况及应用价值。