山东省主要页岩气储层特征与资源潜力

山东省富有机质泥页岩发育层系多、类型多、分布范围广,为探寻页岩气有利储集层系和分布范围,以富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,通过分析富有机质泥页岩岩性特征,有机碳含量、生烃潜量、氯仿沥青“A”、干酪根类型、镜质组反射率等有机地化特征,孔隙度、渗透率、矿物成分、岩石密度等岩石物性特征,含气性特征等,对山东省页岩气赋存层位、生成的物质基础、热演化程度、储层特征等形成了系统认识。认为：古生界石炭系—二叠系山西组—太原组、新生界古近系孔店组和沙河街组富有机质泥页岩发育厚度大、分布面积广、有机质丰度高,热演化程度适中、岩石脆性矿物含量高,为页岩气有利储层;利用页岩气储层分布面积、泥页岩厚度、有机碳含量、镜质组反射率、含气性等相关评价参数,计算了山东全省页岩气资源潜力为1417797×108m3,优选了9个页岩气有利区,其中鲁西南有利区、阳谷 茌平有利区、黄河北有利区、贾镇潜凹陷有利区属海陆交互相泥页岩储层,泥页岩层系分布于石炭系—二叠系山西组—太原组;潍北凹陷有利区、东营凹陷有利区、沾化凹陷有利区、车镇 沾化凹陷有利区、临邑有利区属湖相泥页岩储层,泥页岩层系分别分布于古近系孔店组和沙河街组,为今后页岩气勘查工作提供了依据。     

深埋煤层开采顶板泥砂溃涌灾害多源信息评价

深埋煤层采场顶板泥砂溃涌灾害是由于泥岩顶板遇水发生松散崩解,在矿压作用下泥砂集中溃入井下的综合性灾害,其灾害发生受到含水层、矿山压力、地质构造等多因素影响。以黄陇煤田照金煤矿为研究区,在灾害发生机理研究的基础上,讨论了灾害发生的主要影响因子,最终选取洛河组含水层富水性、煤层到洛河组含水层距离、宜君组砾岩厚度、煤层上覆杂色泥岩厚度、煤层到杂色泥岩距离、单位面积断层密度、褶皱构造分布和煤层开采厚度8个主控因素,采用层次分析权重赋值方法,确定影响灾害发生的各主控因素权重,构建煤层顶板泥砂溃涌灾害危险性评价数学模型;绘制主控因素专题图并进行栅格赋值,通过信息融合叠加方法将各因素进行叠加,最终形成多源信息融合的照金煤矿煤层顶板泥砂溃涌灾害综合分区。研究结果表明,照金煤矿ZF202工作面所在区域该类灾害发生的危险性高,与实际开采过程中曾发生的“4·25”重大事故发生区域较为吻合,说明本次危险性评价模型构建合理,分区结果可用于指导矿井的开采布设与泥砂溃涌灾害防治。移动阅读      

Stock structure and demographic history of the Indo-West Pacific mud crab Scylla serrata

The increasing exploitation of mangrove forests, without any sustainable planning, has been seriously compromising the survival of this ecosystem and of its exclusive resources. Scylla serrata is one of the most commercially exploited crabs inhabiting mangroves and estuaries of the Indo-Pacific region. This species is extensively harvested, mainly for selling to the tourist market, and, as a consequence, its populations are in constant decline. The aim of the present study was to assess the level of genetic exchange of S. serrata within the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), using a population genetic structure approach. To achieve this goal, we reconstructed the intra-specific geographic pattern of genetic variation by partial sequencing the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I, in samples from seven mangrove sites of the WIO. Our data set then encompassed all the sequences for the same genetic marker deposited in Genbank and corresponding to samples from South East Asia, Australia and some Pacific Islands: this allowed us to estimate the level of connectivity among S. serrata populations within its distribution area.     

Ontogenetic and gender-modulated behavioural rhythms in the deep-water decapods Liocarcinus depurator (Brachyura: Portunidae), Munida tenuimana and Munida intermedia (Anomura: Galatheidae)

The regulation and expression of biological rhythms with respect to sex and ontogeny in deep-water benthic decapod crustaceans constitutes an exciting field in marine biology that is far from understood. Liocarcinus depurator , Munida intermedia and Munida tenuimana are ecologically key crustacean decapod species of the Atlantic and Mediterranean shelves and slopes, and their activity rhythms in the field are poorly known. Our aim was to measure the behavioural rhythms of these species, while at the same time defining their type of displacement ( i.e. endobenthic, nektobenthic or benthopelagic). Whether gender and ontogeny modulate the rhythmic behaviour of these decapods is unknown, and we sought to clarify this issue. A temporally scheduled series of trawl hauls and light intensity measures was performed on the western Mediterranean shelf (100–110 m depth) and slope (400–430 m), close to the autumn equinox and the summer solstice. The sex and the size of animals in the catches were analysed. Catch patterns were evaluated through waveform and periodogram analyses. Liocarcinus depurator was captured at night on the shelf, whereas on the slope, animals displayed peaks both in the middle of the day and night. Size-related differences (but no gender differences) were found in its rhythmic behaviour, possibly due to intra-specific competition ( e.g. fighting) between juveniles and adults. Munida intermedia were weakly diurnal in October and both diurnal and nocturnal in June. Munida tenuimana presented no discernible rhythmicity in October, but was nocturnal in June. Both species showed no evident sex or size modulation of their behaviour. Data were interpreted assuming that all tested species present an endobenthic behaviour ( i.e. animals emerge from the substrate during the active phase of their behavioural cycle).     

Sediment segregation by biodiffusing bivalves

The selective processing of sediment fractions (sand and mud; >63 μm and ≤63 μm median grain size) by macrofauna was assessed using two size classes of inert, UV-fluorescent sediment fraction tracers (luminophores). The luminophores were applied to the sediment surface in 16 m² replicated plots, defaunated and control, and left to be reworked by infauna for 32 days. As the macrofaunal assemblage in the ambient sediment and the control plots was dominated by the common cockle Cerastoderma edule, this species was used in an additional mesocosm experiment. The diversity, abundance and biomass of the defaunated macrobenthic assemblage did not return to control values within the experimental period. Both erosion threshold and bed elevation increased in the defaunated plots as a response to the absence of macrofauna and an increase in microphytobenthos growth. In the absence of macrobenthos, we observed an accretion of 7 mm sediment, containing ca. 60% mud. Image analysis of the vertical distribution of the different luminophore size classes showed that the cockles preferentially mobilised fine material from the sediment, thereby rendering it less muddy and effectively increasing the sand:mud ratio. Luminophore profiles and budgets of the mesocosm experiment under “no waves–no current” conditions support the field data very well.     

Strike-slip faulting as a trigger mechanism for overpressure release through piercement structures. Implications for the Lusi mud volcano,Indonesia

Piercement structures such as hydrothermal vent complexes, pockmarks, and mud volcanoes, are found in various geological settings but are often associated with faults or other fluid-focussing features. This article aims to investigate and understand the mechanisms responsible for the formation of piercement structures in sedimentary basins and the role of strike-slip faulting as a triggering mechanism for fluidization. For this purpose four different approaches were combined: fieldwork, analogue experiments, and mathematical modeling for brittle and ductile rheologies. The results of this study may be applied to several geological settings, including the newly formed Lusi mud volcano in Indonesia (Mazzini et al., 2007).     

早熟中华绒螯蟹眼柄视神经节对卵巢发育的生殖调控作用

采用组织切片技术于光镜下观察了早熟中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）眼柄视神经节的组织形态结构,以体外培养法研究早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对同种甲壳动物中华绒螯蟹和异种甲壳动物克氏原螯虾卵巢发育的影响,并以放射化学测定法测定早熟蟹眼柄粗提物及单侧或双侧眼柄镊烫后对大颚器生物合成甲基法尼酯（MF）的影响．结果表明,早熟蟹眼柄视神经节呈乳白色,椭圆柱形,外包一层黑色视网膜,由外髓、内髓、端髓3部分构成;端髓区域可明显区分3种类型的神经分泌细胞;早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对同种和异种甲壳动物的卵巢发育均有抑制作用;早熟蟹眼柄粗提物对MF生物合成的抑制作用随浓度的增加而增强．研究证实早熟蟹眼柄视神经节对卵巢的抑制作用较正常发育蟹弱,且对同种甲壳动物卵巢发育的抑制作用强于对异种动物．     

南堡油田酸化解堵实验研究

冀东南堡油田1、2号构造东一段（Ed1）砂岩储层在钻井过程中,钻井液漏失量较大,对油气层造成了严重污染和堵塞,造成在钻井时有良好油气显示,完井生产时没有油气产量或产能很低。在模拟地层条件下,在室内进行了酸化流动实验研究,对比评价了多种酸液体系。以实验结果为依据,综合考虑储层矿物组成和流体性质,确定多氢酸体系作为钻井液污染酸化解堵处理酸液。     

东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义

通过分析东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的粒度、有机质(TOC)、常量元素氧化物(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O,P2O5,TiO2,MnO),探讨东海内陆架泥质区常量元素空间分布特征及其地质意义。结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物中常量元素氧化物组成较为稳定,含量最高的2种组分为SiO2和Al2O3,两者组分占沉积物总量的72%左右。常量元素氧化物的含量与沉积物类型密切相关,SiO2,CaO,P2O5倾向于富集在粗颗粒沉积物中;Al2O3,K2O,MnO则倾向于富集在细颗粒沉积物中;而MgO,Na2O,Fe2O3和TiO2基本不受沉积物类型影响。R型因子分析结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的常量元素氧化物可以分为3组,第1组包括SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,TiO2,P2O5和MnO;第2组包括CaO,K2O,CaCO3和TOC;第3组包括Na2O,可能分别代表了陆源碎屑沉积、海洋生物沉积和海洋化学沉积。     

全新世东海内陆架泥质区有孔虫特征及其古环境意义

东海内陆架泥质区是东海全新世高海平面以来的沉积中心,保存了冰后期海平面上升以来完整的全新世沉积记录,是研究东海古海洋环境变化的良好载体,也是研究全新世古气候、古环境变迁的绝佳材料。选取了位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02孔长岩心作为研究对象,通过对沉积物中有孔虫进行属种鉴定分析,并结合岩心沉积物的岩性特征和AMS14 C测年数据,主要依据底栖有孔虫组合,恢复了研究区全新世以来的沉积环境演化。研究表明,全新世以来东海内陆架泥质区的沉积环境呈现阶段性演化特征,经历了以下4个阶段的演化:阶段I(10.8～10.5cal.kaBP)为滨岸沉积环境;阶段II(10.5～8.3cal.kaBP)随海面快速上升沉积环境由内陆架滨岸向中—内陆架过渡;阶段III(8.3～5.2cal.kaBP)为台湾暖流十分靠近的中—内陆架沉积环境;阶段IV(5.2～0cal.kaBP)为沿岸流较强的内陆架沉积环境。暖水种丰度在8.4cal.kaBP出现高值,推测为台湾暖流形成之时。约4.0cal.kaBP以来表生种丰度呈现高值和底栖有孔虫18 O变轻,推测与沿岸流增强密切相关。