大牛地气田水平井优快钻井技术探索

大牛地属于低压、低渗、低丰度的三低油气藏,能否实行优快钻井成为制约水平井发展的主要因素,通过对井身结构、钻具组合、钻头选型及泥浆体系结构等统计分析,总结出适合大牛地气田水平井优快钻井技术,形成了一套大幅度提高机械效率、缩短钻井周期,适合大牛地工区的优快钻井技术。     

Bank permeability in an Australian ephemeral dry‐land stream: variation with stage resulting from mud deposition and sediment clogging

Percolation of flood waters into the bed and banks of ephemeral streams provides one of the key mechanisms responsible for transmission loss. However, there are very few published estimates of the rates at which water can enter stream‐bank sediments, and little is known about the variation in bank permeability with elevation above the bed and the resulting effects on transmission loss in floods of different magnitudes. This paper presents the results of 69 field determinations of bank infiltrability made on Fowlers Creek, an ephemeral dry‐land stream located in arid western New South Wales, Australia. Fowlers Creek carries high concentrations of suspended sediments, which are deposited as mud drapes on the bed, banks and floodplain. Results demonstrate that infiltration rates are lowest at the base of the banks, and tend to increase steadily with elevation on the bank, even above the apparent upper limit of mud drapes. In parallel, the texture of the bank sediments (assessed from samples of the uppermost 10 cm) becomes coarser with elevation above the bed. This pattern is inferred to relate to the delivery of silts and clays into pore spaces in the bank sediments by percolating flood waters. The patterns of infiltration rate and sediment texture mapped in the field are reasoned to be the product of many clogging episodes in past flood events having different peak stages. The increase in infiltration rate and mean particle size up the banks reflects lower frequencies of submergence and clogging of the upper banks by large floods, and more frequent inundation and clogging of the lower banks by sub‐bank‐full flows. The stage‐related changes in bank permeability provide a mechanism that can drive variations in transmission loss among floods having different peak stages and hydrograph shapes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

静动力排水固结法处理淤泥软基振动试验研究

对于高含水率、大孔隙比的深厚淤泥地基,在静动力排水固结法处理中,采用组合式高效夯击减震锤（SAAT）等4种不同形状尺寸的典型夯锤,以975～1 125 kN•m单击夯击能夯击,进行场地振动加速度及夯沉量原位对比测试,获得SAAT夯锤与地基土首次接触、回弹和二次作用历时分别为15,80,35 ms,各锤作用下竖向与水平向加速度分别在10 m与5 m距离内急剧降低,得到满足规范（烈度Ⅶ度）安全要求时SAAT及各夯锤夯击综合安全距离为20～30 m,其中SAAT所需安全距离最小。结果表明,采用SAAT可明显提高夯击效率,并可有效地减小对周边环境的振动影响。此外,对该条件下夯击冲击波的传播及衰减规律进行了总结与分析。     

Fluidization and representative wave transformation on muddy beds

Irregular wave-induced mud fluidization and wave spectrum transformation on muddy profiles are studied through representative wave technique. The constitutive equations of visco-elastic model are adopted for the rheological behavior of fluid mud, while the behavior of stationary mud is assumed to be elastic. A set of representative waves are employed to investigate wave–mud interaction. The results are verified using real field data. Comparing the performance of common representative waves, it is concluded that the phenomena can be better predicted by root mean square wave.     

桩侧泥皮和桩底沉渣对钻孔桩承载力影响的数值模拟

运用有限元软件模拟分析了桩侧泥皮和桩底沉渣对钻孔桩承载力的影响。通过对不同桩底沉渣厚度和强度下单桩承载力模拟计算,研究了沉渣对钻孔桩承载力的影响规律,指出沉渣厚度的影响存在临界值,当沉渣厚度超过临界值300 mm时沉渣厚度对单桩承载力影响不是很明显,主要是沉渣强度的影响。引入桩侧泥皮摩阻力折减系数来考虑泥皮强度的影响,计算分析了泥皮高度和强度对钻孔桩承载力的影响,并指出泥皮高度是主要因素。     

深井蠕变地层钻井液密度优化技术

深部地层盐岩钻井是钻井工程中的重大技术难题之一。由于盐岩性能的特殊性,当钻开井眼后盐岩蠕变,常造成井眼失稳、卡钻、固井后挤毁套管等事故,给钻井带来重大经济损失。结合山东胜科1井钻井工程,对深部地层盐岩及软泥岩等岩层的蠕变速率进行测试,采用三维数值模拟方法获得了盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变参数。并通过所获得的蠕变参数,对胜利油田东营区块盐岩及软泥岩井眼不同深度、不同钻井液密度下地层的蠕变速率进行了分析,获得了盐岩及软泥岩井眼许可钻井液密度。研究成果可以为钻井工程钻井液密度选用提供指导意义。     

近8ka东亚冬季风变化的东海内陆架泥质沉积记录

尝试从陆架上寻找全新世高分辨率的东亚季风替代性指标和记录.通过对位于东海内陆架闽浙沿岸泥中部的PC-6孔进行AMS14C年龄测试和粒度分析, 综合沉积构造、沉积层序与海平面变化讨论该孔的沉积环境, 其下、中、上段分别对应于前滨、近滨和与现今环境基本一致的浅海沉积环境.因上段的沉积作用主要受控于东海冬季沿岸流, 通过粒级-标准偏差分析, 提取了相对应的粒度组分或粒度子体, 该组分的平均粒径被用来作为研究东亚冬季风演化的替代性指标.分析表明, 由此方法建立的PC-6孔上段粒径时间序列, 较完整地反映了近8ka来东亚古季风的演化.东亚冬季风的变化呈现出3个各具特点的阶段7.6~5.1kaB.P.为中等强度的高频率波动; 5.1~1.7kaB.P.以多期、较频繁的强盛活动为特点; 1.7~0kaB.P.为稳定而较弱的时期.由PC-6孔指示的东亚冬季风活动的强盛期, 均在不同区域和材料的记录中找到了相对应降温的证据, 说明气候变化的区域性以至全球性联系.      

石油钻井工程中岩层蠕变速率及蠕变参数分析

石油勘探开发工程中,盐膏岩层及含膏泥岩由于具有较低的渗透特性,往往是大型油气藏的封闭层。由于盐层具有较大的流变特性,盐层钻井技术成为钻井工程中的重大技术难题。通过对某一勘探井盐岩层及含膏泥岩井眼不同时间间隔下的井眼测试,获得了井眼地层盐岩及软泥岩等岩层的蠕变速率。采用幂指数流变本构模型对盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变速率进行了分析,通过反演获得了该地质区块盐岩及软泥岩的蠕变参数。该参数能进一步用于对盐岩钻井过程中钻井液密度的优化分析中。     

东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学比较研究

利用东海陆架泥质沉积区和周围砂质沉积区的表层沉积物元素含量和海水悬浮沉积物总量分析资料,对泥质区的沉积地球化学进行了比较研究。结果表明东海不同泥质区的沉积地球化学过程很不相同。浙江近岸泥质区沉积物元素以Fe、Mn、Zn的含量高,Na、Sr、Al、Ca的含量低为特征,其地球化学特征与长江沉积物非常一致。近岸泥质区的沉积物基本来源于长江输入海的沉积物,在台湾暖流的作用下沉积在浙江沿岸。远岸济州岛西南泥质区沉积物以Na、Sr的高含量,较高的Al、Ca含量和低的Fe、Mn、Zn含量为特征,其地球化学特征与黄河源沉积物有好的相关性,但有一定的混合源性质,该泥质区的沉积物主要来源于黄河源的细颗粒沉积物,由黄海沿岸流搬运到该区并沉积下来。沉积物在搬运沉积过程中,元素粒度分异作用明显。东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学过程的控制性影响因子是东海环流系统和物源,其中台湾暖流对东海陆架远岸和近岸泥质区的沉积地球化学分区具有关键作用。     

赤泥的变形-强度特性与结构性关系的研究

制铝工业排出的大量固体废料?--赤泥具有较强的结构性,笔者对其结构性及变形–强度特性进行了研究。根据饱和原状赤泥样及扰动样固结排水三轴剪切试验资料,用土力学方法分析了变形–强度特性与结构性之间的关系,探讨了结构性参数随轴应变及固结压力变化的规律。研究表明：（1）对浸水反应比较迟钝的饱和赤泥,用三轴试验条件下各应变水平原状样与扰动样的主应力差之比所表示的结构性定量化参数,来研究结构性对变形强度的影响可以得到良好的规律性。（2）结构性参数对固结周围应力反应敏感,不同固结周围压力和剪切应力对结构性的影响,主要发生在低应变区段内。(3)赤泥的变形–强度特性与其在形成过程中的固结应力大小及龄期长短没有直接的规律性关系,而与其在物理化学作用下结构性的强弱相关。