弹簧钢球式安全离合器在钻机中的应用

分析了钻机在过程中经常发生机械事故的主要原因,提出了解决这一问题的方法,即在钻机内的传动轴上安装弹簧钢球式安全离合器在钻机中的经过反复试验论证辽一方法的可行性。     

福建闽南地区与广西北海地区波纹巴非蛤的形态差异与遗传多样性分析

本研究采用形态学和微卫星分子标记对福建闽南地区（厦门、云霄、惠安）及广西北海4个野生波纹巴非蛤群体进行形态学与遗传多样性分析。主成分与聚类分析结果表明：惠安与北海群体的形态最为相近,其次为云霄群体,而厦门群体的趋异度最大。构建了两个主成分PC1和PC2,其中PC1的贡献率为36.134%,PC2的贡献率为21.443%,累计贡献率为57.577%。建立了4群体的判别函数,判别准确率P₁为43.3%~93.5%,P₂为44.8%~88.0%,综合判别率为66.1%。4个波纹巴非蛤群体的整体遗传多样性较高,群体间遗传分化微弱,属于同1个自由交配组群,NJ系统发育树聚类结果未检测到与地理位置相对应的谱系结构,这可能与人为引种、贸易及增殖放流等活动导致波纹巴非蛤不同群体间频繁基因交流有关。建议今后在波纹巴非蛤的资源管理和开发利用时,加强本地种质资源的保护。     

湖泊磷的核磁共振(NMR)分析——1环境标准样品的31P-NMR表征

通过对环境标准样进行31P-NMR测试,研究了磷的化学结构与化学位移的关系.结果表明:无机正磷酸盐(PO43-)化学位移在6.412×10-6,焦磷酸盐的化学位移在-4.353×10-6;多聚磷的化学位移分布特点是:主链末端磷化学位移在-3.53×10-6至-4.40×10-6之间,中间磷在-18.159×10-6至-20.246×10-6之间,有机磷中单酯和二醑的化学位移分别在4.3540×10-6至6.3652×10-6和-0.107×10-6至2.195×10-6之间,部分二脂不稳定,会降解为单脂;膦酸盐的化学位移在18.670×10-6至21.460×10-6之间,磷酸肌酸位于-0.380×10-6,有机多聚磷中α-P的化学位移在-8.833×10-6至-9.449×10-6之间,由于偶合作用产生P峰的裂分,P峰的偶合符合核磁中n 1的规则.结构环境影响31P的化学位移值的偏移.     

基于多普勒频移的单频载波相位周跳探测

阐述了多普勒探测周跳的原理,利用了静态和车载动态高频数据的L1上的载波和多普勒观测值,试验探测了其周跳。     

高分辨率遥感影像多尺度均值漂移分割算法研究

根据高分辨率遥感影像信息提取过程中对影像的对象化分割的需求,分析了均值漂移分割算法的原理,并对其多尺度分割方法进行了设计与实现。实验证明该算法具有较好的影像分割精度。     

Application of a cascading filter implemented using morphological filtering and time–frequency peak filtering for seismic signal enhancement

Inspired by the idea of the iterative time–frequency peak filtering, which applies time–frequency peak filtering several times to improve the ability of random noise reduction, this article proposes a new cascading filter implemented using mathematic morphological filtering and the time–frequency peak filtering, which we call here morphological time–frequency peak filtering for convenience. This new method will be used mainly for seismic signal enhancement and random noise reduction in which the advantages of the morphological algorithm in processing nonlinear signals and the time–frequency peak filtering in processing nonstationary signals are utilized. Structurally, the scheme of the proposed method adopts mathematic morphological operation to first preprocess the signal and then applies the time–frequency peak filtering method to ultimately extract the valid signal. Through experiments on synthetic seismic signals and field seismic data, this paper demonstrates that the morphological time–frequency peak filtering method is superior to the time–frequency peak filtering method and its iterative form in terms of valid signal enhancement and random noise reduction.     

Adjustment of self-formed bankfull channel geometry of meandering rivers: modelling study

We consider the evolution of the hydraulic geometry of sand-bed meandering rivers. We study the difference between the timescale of longitudinal river profile adjustment and that of channel width and depth adjustment. We also study the effect of hydrological regime alteration on the evolution of bankfull channel geometry. To achieve this, a previously developed model for the spatiotemporal co-evolution of bankfull channel characteristics, including bankfull discharge, bankfull width, bankfull depth and down-channel bed slope, is used. In our modelling framework, flow variability is considered in terms of a specified flow duration curve. Taking advantage of this unique feature, we identify the flow range responsible for long-term bankfull channel change within the specified flow duration curve. That is, the relative importance of extremely high short-duration flows compared to moderately high longer duration flows is examined. The Minnesota River, MN, USA, an actively meandering sand-bed stream, is selected for a case study. The longitudinal profile of the study reach has been in adjustment toward equilibrium since the end of the last glaciation, while its bankfull cross-section is rapidly widening due to hydrological regime change in the last several decades. We use the model to demonstrate that the timescale for longitudinal channel profile adjustment is much greater than the timescale for cross-sectional profile adjustment due to a lateral channel shift. We also show that hydrological regime shift is responsible for the recent rapid widening of the Minnesota River. Our analysis suggests that increases in the 5–25% exceedance flows play a more significant role in recent bankfull channel enlargement of the Minnesota River than increase in either the 0.1% exceedance flow or the 90% exceedance flow. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于小型无人机航拍影像的地表房屋建筑提取算法对比——以新疆阿图什市琼哈拉峻村为例

选取新疆阿图什市下辖的琼哈拉峻村为研究区,将小型旋翼无人机拍摄的图像作为数据源,分别采用面向对象以及面向像元2种影像分析方法对研究区的房屋建筑进行提取,并对2种算法的提取结果进行对比,分析了各自的优势。结果表明:面向对象方法可以有效地去除椒盐噪声对分类带来的影响,保证房屋形态的完整性,但影响内部相似的光谱、纹理信息若对应多种物体则会导致影像对象的错分。在面向像元的提取方法中加入了改进的数学形态学算法,可有效的抑制椒盐噪声,保持建筑物边缘的连续性与完整性,较好地解决了面向对象方法中部分农田与房屋出现错分的问题。     

Revisiting the morphological method in two-dimensions to quantify bed-material transport in braided rivers

Research in the 1990s showed that bed-material transport rates could be estimated at the reach scale in both one-dimension and, over small spatial scales (10s of m), in two-dimensions. The limit on the latter was the spatial scale over which it was possible to obtain distributed data on morphological change. Here, we revisit the morphological method given progress in both topographical data acquisition and hydraulic modelling. The bed-material transport needed to conserve mass is calculated in both one and two dimensions for a 1600 m × 300 m Alpine braided river “laboratory”. High-resolution topographical data were acquired by laser scanning to quantify Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and morphological changes caused by the flushing of the water intake were derived from repeated surveys. Based on DEMs of differences, 1D bed-material transport rates were calculated using the morphological method. Then, a 2D hydraulic model was combined with a topographic correction to route sediment through the network of braided channels and to obtain a spatially variable estimate of transport in both downstream and cross-stream directions. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the routing model parameters, allowing identification of the most probable parameter values needed to minimize negative transport. The results show that within-section spatial compensation of erosion and deposition using the 1D treatment leads to substantial local errors in transport rate estimates, to a degree related to braiding intensity. Even though the 2D application showed that a large proportion of the total transport was actually concentrated into one main channel during the studied low flow event, the proportion of transport in secondary anabranches is substantial when the river starts braiding. Investigations of the effects of DEM resolution, competent flow duration and survey frequency related to ‘travelling bedload’ and sequential erosion-deposition emphasized the critical importance of careful data collection in the application of the morphological method. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

随钻斯通利波测井反演地层渗透率的理论、方法及应用

针对孔隙渗透地层的随钻声波测井问题,用Biot-Rosenbaum孔隙弹性波测井理论推导了孔隙地层的随钻井孔声场表达式.据此考察了随钻条件下井中斯通利波的波形、相速度频散、衰减以及相速度对渗透率的灵敏度,并与电缆测井中的情况进行了对比.数值模拟结果表明,随钻条件下斯通利波对地层渗透率的灵敏度相对于电缆测井有明显增加,更有利于用来反演地层渗透率.为快捷有效地处理现场测井数据和反演计算,采用简化Biot-Rosenbaum理论和钻铤的等效模型,对随钻斯通利波的频移和时滞进行联合反演.结果表明,随钻斯通利波反演的渗透率与核磁渗透率和岩心覆压测试渗透率符合较好,并且与常规测井曲线所反映的储层性质具有较好的一致性,证明了利用随钻斯通利波评价地层渗透率的有效性.