Absolute Calibration of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 Using GPS Buoys in Bass Strait, Australia

An absolute calibration of the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason-1 altimeters has been undertaken during the dedicated calibration phase of the Jason-1 mission, in Bass Strait, Australia. The present study incorporates several improvements to the earlier calibration methodology used for Bass Strait, namely the use of GPS buoys and the determination of absolute bias in a purely geometrical sense, without the necessity of estimating a marine geoid. This article focuses on technical issues surrounding the GPS buoy methodology for use in altimeter calibration studies. We present absolute bias estimates computed solely from the GPS buoy deployments and derive formal uncertainty estimates for bias calculation from a single overflight at the 40-45 mm level. Estimates of the absolute bias derived from the GPS buoys is -10 ± 19 mm for T/P and +147 ± 21 mm for Jason-1 (MOE orbit) and +131 ± 21 mm for Jason-1 (GPS orbit). Considering the estimated error budget, our bias values are equivalent to other determinations from the dedicated NASA and CNES calibration sites.     

基于MEMS加速度计空投浮标的波浪测量方法试验研究

针对基于MEMS加速度传感器的空投波浪浮标存在采样频率与测波精度低的问题,根据频域衰减积分算法,提出一种相应的波浪测量算法,为了验证该算法测波的准确性,开展了多功能水槽试验研究。该算法旨在将MEMS加速度传感器输出的加速度与姿态角转化为浮标运动的波形,首先将加速度与姿态角信号进行竖向处理获得竖直方向的加速度,再利用离散傅里叶变换将竖向加速度转化为频域内的加速度复数序列,然后引入控制函数减弱低频噪声,经过频域积分、离散傅里叶逆变换、时域积分获得竖直方向的位移,最后通过后处理得到最终的波形。多功能水槽试验采取10中不同波高和周期的工况,对比空投波浪测量浮标与波高仪的测量结果,试验结果表明,浮标的测量误差在10%以内,达到测波标准。     

A note on the hydrodynamics of a tail tube buoy

This note presents some analytical results for a tail–tube buoy configuration frequently used in wave energy conversion. The overall approach is based on Falnes and McIver's (Falnes, J., McIver, P., 1985. Surface wave interactions with systems of oscillating bodies and pressure distributions. Applied Ocean Research 7 (4), 225–234) extension to floating oscillating water columns of Evans' (Evans, D.V., 1982. Wave power absorbtion by systems of oscillating surface pressure distributions. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 114, 481–499) theory of oscillating pressure distributions. The diffraction air-flow flux through the tube and the diffraction wave force on the flotation collar are obtained using the formulation of Garrett (1970, 1971) (Garrett, C.J.R., 1970. Bottomless harbours. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 43 (3), 433–449. Garrett, C.J.R., 1971. Wave forces on a circular dock. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 46 (1), 129–139). Results can be used in sizing the tube and collar for efficient energy conversion.     

系缆式剖面测量平台运动性能分析

文章简单介绍了系缆式剖面测量平台的结构构成,围绕剖面测量平台升降运动的工作原理,着重对平台的一些固有的基本特性所产生的影响进行了分析,供有关人员参考交流。     

A Modified Quasi-Static Method for CALM System Analysis

The quasi-static analysis method introduced by API RP 2P is well known and accepted as a very useful mooring analysis method. In the early design stage, this method is widely used for preliminary analysis and mooring parameter selection. However, the quasi-static method of API RP 2P is developed for single-floating-body condition, i. e., only one floating body is considered in the computation procedure. Difficulties arise when it is used for the analysis of a CALM system, which is comprised of two floating bodies (tanker and buoy). This paper presents an analysis procedure for a two-floating-body system based on the quasi-static procedure of API RP 2P with some modifications reflecting special characteristics of the CALM system. Finally, the analysis results of a CALM system are given to illustrate the use of this procedure.     

Data quality check procedures of an operational coastal ocean monitoring network

Field oceanographic and meteorological data are required for ocean engineering. In response to the requirement of field data, an operational coastal ocean monitoring network was established around Taiwan coast, including nine deep-water data buoys, one shallow-water pile station, 10 coastal weather stations and 10 tide stations. Data quality check procedures are necessary to ensure the accuracy of measurements. This paper presents the data quality check procedures on ocean wave data which includes automatic and manual check procedures. The checking criteria are derived using statistical theory in this paper. In addition, a sea-state-dependent algorithm is presented in this study in order to derive checking criteria of time-continuity check. It is showed to have better performance of picking up suspicious data than using fixed threshold process. This data quality check program is now used on the operational monitoring network.     

电子地图技术在航标遥控监测系统中的应用

对航标的工作状态、空间定位进行远距离全天候监测与遥控,是提高航务管理水平、高效率保障航道安全的重要技术手段。电子地图在该监控系统中可提供航标等助航设施的定位背景和空间相关信息的查询、分析与远程信息的表达。本文基于一个实际系统的研制,详细讨论了服务于航标监测的电子地图的关键技术,包括国际电子海图S57、S52标准在内河河道图表达中的扩展与应用、空间数据组织、航标工作状态空间位置变化,在电子图中的实时表达以及监控信息的后处理分析等。     

赤潮监测和预报的构想

在对赤潮监测要素和方法进行分析的基础上，构思了几各监测和预报赤潮的方式，并建议以水质浮标和剖面监测系统为主要方式开展研制工作。     

A study of transport and impact strength of Fukushima nuclear pollutants in the north pacific surface

Based on the statistics of surface drifter data of 1979–2011 and the simulation of nuclear pollutant particulate movements simulated using high quality ocean reanalysis surface current dataset, the transport pathways and impact strength of Fukushima nuclear pollutants in the North Pacific have been estimated. The particulates are used to increase the sampling size and enhance the representativeness of statistical results. The trajectories of the drifters and particulates are first examined to identify typical drifting pathways. The results show that there are three types of transport paths for nuclear pollutants at the surface: 1) most pollutant particles move eastward and are carried by the Kuroshio and Kuroshio-extension currents and reach the east side of the North Pacific after about 3.2–3.9 years; 2) some particles travel with the subtropical circulation branch and reach the east coast of China after about 1.6 years according to one drifter trajectory and about 3.6 years according to particulate trajectories; 3) a little of them travel with local, small scale circulations and reach the east coast of China after about 1.3–1.8 years. Based on the particulates, the impact strength of nuclear pollutants at these time scales can be estimated according to the temporal variations of relative concentration combined with the radioactive decay rate. For example, Cesium-137, carried by the strong North Pacific current, mainly accumulates in the eastern North Pacific and its impact strength is 4% of the initial level at the originating Fukushima area after 4 years. Due to local eddies, Cesium-137 in the western North Pacific is 1% of the initial pollutant level after 1.5 years and continuously increases to 3% after 4 years. The vertical movement of radioactive pollutants is not taken into account in the present study, and the estimation accuracy would be improved by considering three-dimensional flows.     

海底管线附近抛锚时锚链的设计

当船只抛锚点附近有海底管线时,为了防止置于海底的锚链对管线可能造成的危害.需要采取一定的措施将位于海底管线上方的锚链提起.结合实际工程设计采用浮筒提供足够的举升力提起锚链,并以悬链线方程为依据,推导浮筒位置和高度对锚链形状和被举升段长度的关系,从而确定出合理的浮筒举升力大小和浮筒安装位置.