Seismic behavior and modeling of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) walls

The steel reinforced concrete (SRC) wall consists of structural steel embedded at the boundary elements of a reinforced concrete (RC) wall. The use of SRC walls has gained popularity in the construction of high‐rise buildings because of their superior performance over conventional RC walls. This paper presents a series of quasi‐static tests used to examine the behavior of SRC walls subjected to high axial force and lateral cyclic loading. The SRC wall specimens showed increased flexural strength and deformation capacity relative to their RC wall counterpart. The flexural strength of SRC walls was found to increase with increasing area ratio of embedded structural steel, while the section type of embedded steel did not affect the wall's strength. The SRC walls under high axial force ratio had an ultimate lateral drift ratio of approximately 1.4%. In addition, a multi‐layer shell element model was developed for the SRC walls and was implemented in the OpenSees program. The numerical model was validated through comparison with the test data. The model was able to predict the lateral stiffness, strength and deformation capacities of SRC walls with a reasonable level of accuracy. Finally, a number of issues for the design of SRC walls are discussed, along with a collection and analysis of the test data, including (1) evaluation of flexural strength, (2) calculation of effective flexural stiffness, and (3) inelastic deformation capacity of SRC walls. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于等高线的三角网快速构建与处理

采用一种利用等高线数据,快速处理和优化TIN的方法。该方法首先将等高线离散成数据点集;然后利用凸壳技术快速地进行三角形构网;再利用TIN的拓扑结构快速内插入等高线,形成约束TIN;最后利用三角形与特征边的关系及TIN的拓扑结构,从而快速消除平坦三角形,提高TIN的质量。     

Cryopreservation of Veliger Larvae of Trumpet Shell, Charonia sauliae： an Essential Preparation to Artificial Propagation

Trumpet shell, Charonia sauliae, is an endangered and valuable species, but its artificial propagation protocol has not been successfully established. To estimate the possibility of cryopreservation for larvae of C. sauliae, which is a potential preparation for its artificial reproduction and further research, in this study a protocol for the cryopreservation of veliger larvae of trumpet shell was optimized. Through a two-step cryopreservation procedure, four kinds of cryoprotectants (ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol) were employed at three concentrations (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 molL⁻¹) respectively and survival rates of larvae were determined after a storage of 1h. The larvae frozen with these four cryoprotectants after 1 h storage were cultured, and then survival rates were determined at 24, 72 and 120 h after thawing. Dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 1.5 molL⁻¹ showed the best protective effect in all experiments (p<0.05). And survival rates of larvae frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide were determined after 1, 7 and 15 d of storage. The survival rates of larvae frozen with 1.5 molL⁻¹ dimethyl sulfoxide after 1 h, 1 d, 7 d and 15 d of storage were 80.77% ±7.51%, 80.34% ±11.28%, 83.10% ±9.14% and 77.23% ±6.22% respectively. No significant differences in survival rates of larvae frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide were observed after various storage periods (p>0.05).     

长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7代的生长规律和模型

为研究长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7的生长规律,分别采用了线性回归方程和Von Bertalanffy、Gompertz和Logistic 3种非线性模型对长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)壳黑选育系F7幼虫期和养成期的生长参数进行生长模型构建,并对长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7养成期的壳高、壳长、壳宽分别与总重进行曲线拟合,以研究长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7的生长规律。研究表明,幼虫期壳高、壳长对日龄的回归方程分别为y=39.723 8+11.697 2x,R^2=0.991;y=31.346 2+9.802 8x,R^2=0.986。壳高与壳长成线性相关,回归方程为y=4.867 0+1.175 0x,R^2=0.989。养成期长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7的总重增长与Von Bertalanffy生长模型最符,R^2=0.955;长牡蛎壳黑选育系F7的总重与壳高、总重与壳长、总重与壳宽分别遵循复合曲线y=0.706×1.055~x,R^2=0.991、y=1.336×1.075~x,R^2=0.983、y=1.287×1.154~x,R^2=0.944。     

近1 500年来新疆艾比湖同位素记录的气候环境演化特征

利用介形虫壳体δ18O ,δ13 C及其沉积物有机质δ13 C同位素组成等环境代用指标 ,重建了西北干旱区艾比湖地区近 15 0 0年来气候环境演化特征。结果表明 ,气候不稳定性不但出现在时段约 6 6 0～ 76 0A .D .及约 1380～15 0 0A .D .由暖干变冷湿的气候转换时期 ,也出现在时段约 10 5 0～ 115 0A .D .及约 185 0～ 194 0A .D .由冷湿变暖干的转换时期。尤其是由冷湿到暖干的气候转换时期 ,频繁而大幅度的气候变化影响湖泊水环境的稳定连续性 ,限制了介形虫等湖泊生物的生存 ,造成湖泊生态环境系统的破坏。而在百年尺度上艾比湖地区气候表现为暖干、冷湿的组合特征。约 185 0年开始 ,气候出现明显的干旱化趋势。     

渤海西南岸全新世最大海侵界线及其地貌特征

结合钻孔与探地雷达探测古海相层尖灭点的测量方法与图像处理原则,本研究在沿渤海西南岸分布的8个相关钻孔附近开展了探测,经图像处理、与钻孔对比分析以及在特征位置钻探浅钻的方式,获得了5处最大海侵尖灭点的位置、地层剖面形态以及高程等信息.结合6ka B.P.、2ka B.P.左右和现代黄河流路变迁史及沿岸贝壳堤分布情况,揭示了最大海侵时期小清河向北至漳卫新河范围主要为古黄河形成的广阔三角洲潮滩地貌,海侵线远离海岸线深入内陆,其上的贝壳堤形成主要与黄河流路变迁相关;而渤海湾西南岸黄骅、沧州附近及以北主要为沼泽-潟湖-沙坝海岸地貌特征,海侵线由潟湖的陆侧边缘向海逐渐推进,沿岸分布的6ka B.P.左右贝壳堤的形成则是基于沿岸堤,并伴随风暴作用发育而来.莱州湾南岸依据埋藏古河道古湖泊的分布情况,推断该区全新世最大海侵前后具有与现代相似的海岸地貌特征,海侵时,海水直抵当时最大高潮线附近,使得海岸线与海侵线几乎相当.依据剖面地形校正结果可知,最大海侵时,海水侵入内陆至现代地表高程5.8～ 10.3m范围,后期新构造运动造成的隆起与下沉的区域差异,使得不同区域海侵层高程发生相应的变化,该结果为进一步估算海平面变化提供重要基础.     

贝壳的傅立叶变换红外光谱和热分析

通过傅立叶变化红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和差热(DSC)等技术分析了蜘蛛螺贝壳粉末的成分和热行为。XRD和DSC结果表明蜘蛛螺贝壳是由文石型碳酸钙构成,在300℃文石转变为方解石。红外光谱表明在海螺壳的有机质中存在NH,OH和amide等官能团,在文石晶格或有机与晶体的界面处存在HCO3-原子团。加热后的FT-IR特征峰的峰型和峰位表现出明显的变化,这些变化说明在250℃加热1 h后贝壳的有机质部分发生分解;在500℃～600℃时海螺壳中的有机质仍然没有完全分解,揭示出贝壳具有良好的热稳定性。     

局部双层网壳结构的自振特性分析

局部双层网壳结构是空间结构中常见的结构形式,自振特性分析有助于进一步分析结构在地震作用下的响应特性。ANSYS和FEAP有限元分析方法对结构分别进行了计算,得出了结构的基频和振型,通过对两者的比较和分析,了解了局部双层网壳结构的自振特性。