高等级公路软基硬壳层处理

根据高等级公路路基工程的软基硬壳层情况,讨论软基硬壳层的作用机理、对路基沉降和稳定的作用及在土压力上的反映.     

重庆北碚地区下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段沉积特征

大安寨段介壳灰岩作为四川盆地主要的非常规产油层,岩性及沉积特征较为特殊。通过野外露头观察及岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等分析手段,对重庆北碚地区下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段的沉积特征进行了系统分析。结果表明：重庆北碚地区侏罗系大安寨段岩性复杂,以亮晶介壳灰岩、粉晶白云岩、泥质介壳灰岩和泥页岩为主,次为生屑云岩和砂屑灰岩。大安寨段属受陆源碎屑影响明显的湖相碳酸盐岩沉积,可划分出滨浅湖亚相及高能介壳滩、高能砂屑介壳滩、滩间洼地、低能介壳滩等多个微相。其中,高能砂屑介壳滩水动力条件强、原生孔隙较发育。虽受埋藏成岩作用影响而使原生孔隙消耗殆尽,但后期溶蚀作用和构造作用改造仍可形成特低孔、低渗的非常规碳酸盐储层。     

化石Anabarites的发现及再论玉尔吐斯组的时代归属

本文根据在新疆阿克苏—乌什地区下寒武统玉尔吐斯组中发现的真正Anabarites化石,纠正了过去误定为Anabarites的几个化石,再次论证了玉尔吐斯组的时代归属.与梅树村阶可以对比.本文还阐述了玉尔吐斯组中,与小壳化石共生的高肌虫是一类较原始的最古老的甲壳类高肌虫,区别于筇竹寺阶的高肌虫.     

高阶单步力控制拟动力试验方法研究

本文采用高阶单步力控制试验方法,提出了减少试验误差的若干处理技术,进行了三层底部框支配筋砌块短肢砌体剪力墙足尺结构的拟动力试验,实现了大刚度多自由度复杂结构拟动力试验。试验结果表明,足尺拟动力试验可以很好地反映结构在真实地震作用下的反应,而采用力控制试验方法在结构恢复力特性进入下降段之前是可行的。     

Promising signs of regeneration of blue cod and oyster habitat changed by dredging in Foveaux Strait,southern New Zealand

Epifaunal reefs in Foveaux Strait are oyster (Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845) habitat. One hundred and thirty years of oyster dredging has diminished the complexity and distribution of these reefs. Commercial densities of blue cod (Parapercis colias (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)) were discovered on epifaunal reef habitat in 1989 and became the focus of a major blue cod fishery. We document habitat changes that followed the closing of the oyster fishery in 1993 and interactions between the blue cod and oyster fisheries after the oyster fishery was reopened in 1996. Evidence from blue cod fishers and oyster surveys suggests that the benthic habitat of some oyster beds regenerated in the absence of dredging and that the relative density of blue cod, and then oysters, rebuilt to commercial levels. Benthic habitat was modified once more when oyster dredging restarted and the relative density of blue cod on oyster beds fell again. The observations suggest that rotational fishing of oysters could mitigate the effects of dredging on habitat and that marine protected areas could expedite habitat recovery. Increasing habitat complexity and blue cod density on a reef of oyster shells formed by an oyster fisher suggests that habitat enhancement might remedy effects of dredging. The questions raised by the observations could be answered by management experiments on the scale of the fisheries.     

Collapse simulation of reinforced concrete high‐rise building induced by extreme earthquakes

Collapse resistance of high‐rise buildings has become a research focus because of the frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes and terrorist attacks in recent years. Research development has demonstrated that numerical simulation is becoming one of the most powerful tools for collapse analysis in addition to the conventional laboratory model tests and post‐earthquake investigations. In this paper, a finite element method based numerical model encompassing fiber‐beam element model, multilayer shell model, and elemental deactivation technique is proposed to predict the collapse process of high‐rise buildings subjected to extreme earthquake. The potential collapse processes are simulated for a simple 10‐story RC frame and two existing RC high‐rise buildings of 18‐story and 20‐story frame–core tube systems. The influences of different failure criteria used are discussed in some detail. The analysis results indicate that the proposed numerical model is capable of simulating the collapse process of existing high‐rise buildings by identifying potentially weak components of the structure that may induce collapse. The study outcome will be beneficial to aid further development of optimal design philosophy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

巴颜喀拉块体强震动力学过程数值模拟

以青藏高原为目标采用弹性体本构关系,模拟印度板块持续向北推进、挤压对巴颜喀拉块体及邻区的影响.通过降低强震发生位置处单元弹性模量的方法,模拟1900年以来发生在巴颜喀拉块体及周缘Ms≥7.0强震,计算序列中前面地震对后续强震的影响.模拟结果表明:①巴颜喀拉块体背景场应力水平大致与块体西部等效应力同等大小,自西向东逐渐递减,巴颜喀拉块体西部和中部等效应力从南向北逐渐递减,东部地区等效应力比较低;②模拟的14次地震序列中,有8次发生在前面强震所引起的等效应力增大的区域内,2次发生在等效应力增大和减小的过渡区域内,3次发生在等效应力减小的区域内;③从强震序列所引起的应力相互作用看,历史地震对1970年以来发生的地震影响结果为:历史地震加速了1973年亦基台错、1997年玛尼和2001年昆仑山口西地震的发生,昆仑山口西地震对汶川地震的影响较小,汶川地震对玉树地震的发生不具有加速触发作用.     

双层球面网壳结构的阻尼替代杆件减振控制研究

采用阻尼杆件替代双层网壳结构中的部分下弦杆件,既不改变原结构的网格形式,又对其进行有效的减振控制。在ANSYS软件中建立粘弹性阻尼杆件的数值模型,采用阻尼杆件对网壳部分下弦杆件进行替换,建立网壳减振结构数值模型;分别采用8种阻尼杆件替换方式对结构进行控制,进行结构的三维地震作用分析,在三种常用II类场地地震作用下考察替换杆件布局对结构控制效果的影响。研究表明:阻尼杆件布局方式对结构动力响应的控制效果有较大影响,合理布置阻尼替换杆件可以有效降低结构最大节点位移、最大节点加速度、最大杆件轴力等响应,控制效果可以达到20%～30%。     

Linux Shell在卫星定轨软件中的应用

Linux系统由于其开放性、安全性和稳定性受到众多机构和科研单位的认可,许多知名的卫星导航定位软件都是基于Linux系统开发。Shell脚本语言是Linux系统上一种重要的脚本语言,熟练地使用Shell语言可以解决或简化许多问题。本文总结了Shell语言在卫星定轨软件中的一些应用,包括数据下载、数据合并、数据传输、自动化运行与错误预警等,可以为从事卫星导航定位领域的科研人员或工作人员提供参考。     

利用排水称重法测定、分析不同海区牡蛎的贝壳密度

不规则物体体积测量的传统方法有排液法、称重法和排气法等,不仅操作繁琐,而且准确度及精确度低。本文首次提出了排水称重法,利用该方法能够更加简单、快速、准确地测量出物体的体积和质量。用此法对不同海区26个采样点的1100个牡蛎贝壳密度进行了测定分析,结果表明:大部分牡蛎的左壳密度显著小于右壳密度(P0.05);对于不同海区间的牡蛎,贝壳密度存在极显著的差异(P0.001);分布海区相近的牡蛎间,壳的密度也趋于相近;受环境压力相对较大的潮间带上部的牡蛎,贝壳密度也相对较大。本研究为剖析牡蛎贝壳形成机制以及温度、盐度和海洋酸化等环境因素对牡蛎贝壳形成的影响等研究提供了实验数据和参考。