Acoustic radiation from shear deformable ring-stiffened laminated composite cylindrical shell submerged in flowing fluid

Acoustic radiation from a point driven, infinite, periodically ring-stiffened, laminated composite cylindrical shell submerged in flowing fluid is investigated theoretically. Both the effects of in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of the ring-stiffeners and the effects of fluid convection on far field acoustic radiation behaviors are concerned. The equations of motion of the laminated composite cylindrical shell is presented on the basis of the first order shear deformation theory. Fourier transform and Poisson summation formula are used to transform the equations into a set of infinite algebraic equations expressed in the wavenumber domain. After truncation, the response of the laminated composite cylindrical shell is solved, and the stationary phase approximate is employed to find the expression for the far field sound pressure. Convergence analysis of the numerical solutions is conducted. The theoretical model and numerical method proposed in this paper are validated by comparison with those presented in available literature. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effects of various parameters such as the size and spacing of the ring-stiffener, the thickness and the radius of the cylindrical shell, the lamination angle and the lamination scheme of the composite materials as well as the Mach number on the far field sound pressure.     

Shell bed tempestites in the Chenier Plain of Louisiana: late Holocene example and modern analogue

Hurricane Ike's storm surge deposited a concentrated shell bed in the form of a series of coalescing washover fans over backshore sand and adjoining marshland in part of southwest Louisiana's Chenier Plain. The shell bed is a tempestite and has distinctive morphological, sedimentological and biogenic characteristics that provide a modern analogue to aid interpretation of older shell bed tempestites in the geological record. The shell bed has a wedge‐shaped profile that thickens landward, is about 40 m wide, up to 27 cm thick and extends several hundred metres parallel to the shore. Shells are predominantly disarticulated valves of the common bivalve Mulinia lateralis, probably reworked and transported landward from skeletal remains offshore. The shell bed has an erosional base, is bioclast supported, normally graded and has common mud rip‐up clasts. Similarities between the modern shell bed and another concentrated shell deposit, forming part of a sandy beach ridge some 1.5 km inland, suggest that the palaeo shell deposit is also a tempestite recording hurricane washover of a former shoreline 600 a ago. These findings demonstrate that the shell bed deposited by Hurricane Ike is a valuable analogue for palaeotempestological investigations and that hurricanes have likely contributed to the construction of both modern berm ridges and palaeo beach ridges on this coastal plain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用有孔虫壳体B/Ca比值再造古海水pH值及[CO3（2-）]的潜力

有孔虫壳体B/Ca比值是一个极具潜力并且受到广泛关注的古海洋学方法,适用于恢复古海水pH值及[CO23-]。对于表层水,在一定条件下可以再造大气CO2浓度;对于深层水,可以指示洋流变化及水团变迁。且与硼同位素方法相比较,B/Ca比值分析更简易、稳定性更好,受溶解及沉积埋藏作用影响小,因而更适合于高分辨率的古海洋学分析。...     

榴莲壳和不同炭材料对低汞溶液的吸附动力学

含Hg(Ⅱ)废水直接排放会对环境产生危害,目前多采用活性炭去除,而活性炭制作需要高温热解和活化,导致其使用成本较高.近年来,果皮、果渣、炉渣等废弃物也被尝试应用于直接去除水溶液中的重金属离子.本文采用榴莲壳、椰壳活性炭和活性炭纤维在不同条件下对低浓度Hg(Ⅱ)溶液进行吸附,使用原子荧光光谱法对吸附溶液中剩余的Hg(Ⅱ)...     

松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组—嫩江组一段介形类壳饰､壳形类型与环境关系分析

本文在对松辽盆地晚白垩世青山口组—嫩江组一段介形类壳饰?壳形类型划分的基础上,对研究层位12 种壳饰类型与9 种壳形类型的介形类可能生活的环境及其变化特征进行了探讨?研究表明,松辽盆地晚白垩世刺状壳饰的介形类生活的最佳环境为深湖—半深湖相环境;瘤状壳饰的介形类适宜生活于水质清?矿化度较高?pH值也较高的浅湖—半深湖相环境;深蜂孔?饰边?长瘤或隆脊壳饰的介形类生活于深湖—半深湖相环境;浅蜂孔?网状?细纹?细脊壳饰的介形类主要生活于滨浅湖相环境?三角形?长方形壳形的介形类生活于深湖—半深湖相环境;低梯形?五边形壳形的介形类部分种类生活的环境为深湖相环境,另外一些种类生活于半深湖—浅湖相环境;高梯形壳形的介形类一般适宜的环境为浅湖相环境;椭圆形壳形的介形类基本生活于滨浅湖相环境;肾形壳形的介形类一般生活于浅湖—半深湖相环境?青山口组一段的介形类群以适应深湖—半深湖相的具饰边壳饰?低五边形壳形的介形类为主;青山口组二?三段介形类的壳饰与壳形类型虽然丰富多样,但与湖泊沉积环境变化也具有很好的对应关系;姚家组介形类的壳饰均以适应浅水相环境的浅蜂孔?细脊壳饰为主,壳形以椭圆形占绝对优势为特征,后期随着湖泊水深增大,出现了少量反映较深水相环境的深蜂孔壳饰与三角形和长方形壳形类型;嫩江组一段介形类的壳饰类型较少,以深蜂孔与浅蜂孔类型为主,壳形类型相对较多,椭圆形?长肾形?长方形?三角形?低梯形类型均有一定含量?     

A review on bivalve shell,a tool for reconstruction of paleo-climate and paleo-environment

Environmental information can be extracted from bivalve shell geochemistry. In this review, the latest research progress and the existing problems as well as the focus of future research on stable oxygen and carbon isotopic composition and trace elemental ratios of bivalve shell were investigated. Oxygen isotopic signatures of bivalve shell have been proved precipitate in equilibrium with their host water and used as a robust tool to reconstruct ancient water temperature. In order to reconstruct quantitative paleo-temperature information, the future research on bivalve shell oxygen isotope should combine with the study of ancient water oxygen isotope. Metabolic effect pre- vents the direct application of stable carbon isotopic composition of bivalve shell from extracting dissolved inorganic carbon information. The contribution of metabolic carbon to bivalve shell is species specific. Stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon could be reconstructed if the metabolic contribution could be accounted for. Explore ways to remove contribution of metabolic effects to bivalve shell is the future focus of the research. There is no consensus on the effect of temperature on bivalve trace element ratios, which may be also species spe- cific, each proxy should ideally be validated and calibrated for each species before being used to interpret past climate and environmental conditions. Future research needs to pay attention to the bivalve shell biomineralization process, which controlled bivalve shell trace element ratios. Cultivation experiment is an important way to obtain the relevant conclusions.     

柴达木盆地察尔汗古湖相地层正构烷烃与河蚬化石记录的古生态环境

利用常规14C、加速器(AMS)方法对柴达木盆地察尔汗湖一典型古湖相沉积剖面系统测年,并对测年结果进行不同组分和不同实验室对比,确定该剖面发育于察尔汗古湖高湖面时期(39.7 ka B.P.～17.5 ka B.P.).通过对削面沉积物正构烷烃的系统分析,结果表明正构烷烃携带了重要的湖泊演化的环境和生物信息,其中nC2...     

马氏珠母贝黄壳色选系F1和养殖群体形态性状比较

<正>马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)是我国南方养殖的一种重要经济贝类,长期以来一直是我国主要的海水育珠的主要贝类,用马氏珠母贝育珠是广东、广西和海南沿海部分地区经济发展的支柱性产业。近年来,我国海水珍珠的质量出现明显滑坡,严重地削弱了在国际市场上的竞争力。为提高海水珍珠质量和在国际市场上的竞争力,国内科技工作者已经进行了大量的研究工作,这些工作主要包括对马氏珠母贝养殖群体性状的改良、育珠技术的优化和海水珍珠形成机理的研究[1-5]。     

Research on mode localization of reticulated shell structures

Reticulated shell structures (RSSs) are characterized as cyclically periodic structures. Mistuning of RSSs will induce structural mode localization. Mode localization has the following two features: some modal vectors of the structure change remarkably when the values of its physical parameters (mass or stiffness) have a slight change; and the vibration of some modes is mainly restricted in some local areas of the structure. In this paper, two quantitative assessment indexes are introduced that correspond to these two features. The first feature is studied through a numerical example of a RSS, and its induced causes are analyzed by using the perturbation theory. The analysis showed that internally, mode localization is closely related to structural frequencies and externally, slight changes of the physical parameters of the structure cause instability to the RSS. A scaled model experiment to examine mode localization was carried out on a Kiewit single-layer spherical RSS, and both features of mode localization are studied. Eight tests that measured the changes of the physical parameters were carried out in the experiment. Since many modes make their contribution in structural dynamic response, six strong vibration modes were tested at random in the experimental analysis. The change and localization of the six modes are analyzed for each test. The results show that slight changes to the physical parameters are likely to induce remarkable changes and localization of some modal vectors in the RSSs.     

Multi-technique approach to characterise the effects of cryopreservation on larval development of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Cryopreservation experiments were conducted on D-stage larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to investigate the effects of two cryoprotectant solutions and three cooling rates on larval development from 1 to 22 days post-fertilisation. Cryoprotectant solutions were made up to final concentrations (after 1:1 dilution with larvae) of 10% ethylene glycol, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone and either 0.2 or 0.4 M trehalose. Three cooling rates (0.5, 1 and 2 °C min^?1 between ?10 and ?35 °C post-holding) were tested in an orthogonal design with the two cryoprotectants. Results indicate that control larvae out-performed all cryopreservation treatments for survival, feeding consumption and shell length parameters. However, larvae exposed to 0.4 M trehalose did considerably better than those exposed to 0.2 M trehalose, regardless of cooling rate conditions. Scanning electron and light microscopy observations were used to assess larval morphology and organogenesis, indicating that treatments with surviving larvae were morphologically and developmentally similar to control larvae.