贝壳堤展示剖面的加固方法及加固效果研究

贝壳堤是天然形成的特殊类型的海岸堤,构成堤体的贝壳砂层具有渗透性大、结构性差、易风化、稳定性低等特点,在这样的土层中开挖展示剖面,既要满足堤体的稳定性要求,又要保证其参观展示效果。通过多方面理论和试验研究,确定采用化学灌浆法对其进行加固,并通过现场动力触探、室内有限元仿真分析等方法,验证了加固效果及其在施工期、使用期,特别是在地震荷载作用下的稳定性。研究结果表明,采用化学灌浆加固法可以在满足贝壳堤使用功能的基础上保证其长期稳定。     

扬子海盆奥陶纪末介壳动物群的分布及其古地理意义

通过奥陶纪末扬子海盆介壳动物群生态组合的划分, 并结合介壳动物群产出的岩性特征的研究, 分析了当时海盆内部的沉积分异特点: 扬子海盆中部, 水体相对较深, 为浅海较深水盆地, 指示的生态域 > BA4- 5;到海盆东部水体逐渐变浅, 生态域以BA4- 5为主; 海盆西部水体变得更浅, 生态域以 < BA3为主.此外, 将海盆划分为中部浅海深水黑色硅质页岩盆地、东、西部浅海碎屑岩和浅海碳酸岩-碎屑岩沉积盆地.从南往北, 进一步对以上3个沉积区进行了水体深浅变化的探讨, 并且认为: 海盆中部, 由西南往东北方向, 水体逐渐变深, 沉积中心位于湖北、湘中及湘北部分地区(桃园—安化一带); 海盆西部和东部, 从南往北, 水体均由浅变深(在海盆西部, 黔北生态域 < BA3, 川中至川东 < BA3, 川北和陕南为BA4;在海盆东部, 浙江桐庐、常山一带 < BA3, 安徽泾县和南京等地≥BA4- 5).此外, 根据生物群和岩性的空间变化, 认为扬子海盆以北面临大洋或洋盆.      

深潜器大开口球形耐压操纵舱结构模型的力学性能

结合模型试验和数值计算对大潜深、带大开口的球形耐压结构静态力学性能进行了研究。研究中考虑到材料非线性、非弹性的因素,通过对材料拉伸试验曲线的分析,得到了材料应力-应变的近似表达式;并且利用超声测厚仪对结构模型的几何缺陷进行了测量。同时基于参数化设计语言建立了有随机几何缺陷的有限元模型,并利用接触单元考虑了大开口观察窗与耐压结构的联系。试验验证表明论文提出的利用有限元软件分析大潜深、大开口耐压壳体力学性能的计算方法和计算策略是准确可靠的,所获得的结果可供设计使用。     

摩擦摆隔震双层球面网壳结构的多维地震响应

将摩擦摆(FPS)引入到网壳结构的隔震控制中。文中首先阐明了FPS的工作机理和本构关系,建立了FPS隔震网壳结构的振动方程。通过双层球面网壳结构的数值算例考察了隔震和无控结构在单向和三向地震作用下的振动响应以及FPS的控制效果。研究结果表明,FPS具有良好的隔震和耗能效果,可有效地应用于球面网壳结构的振动控制。     

压密注浆在既有房屋地基加固中的应用与实践

本文结合作者从事的压密注浆加固软土地基的设计及检测的工程.叙述了压密注浆的加固原理、加固效果;影响加固效果的各种因素、适用范围等,并例举了二个项目成功加固案例,同时指出了压密注浆在建筑工程上其它方面的应用前景。     

Interpreting odours in hermit crabs: A comparative study

Odours of different sources can indicate to hermit crabs the availability of empty shells, crucial resources for the life cycle of almost all of them. Here, we compared Clibanarius erythropus and Pagurus bernhardus for the intensity of investigative behaviour exhibited towards an empty, well-fitting shell in the presence of (1) plain seawater as control and seawater conditioned by (2) dead and live snails, (3) dead and live conspecifics, (4) live predators, and (5) food. During 10 min of observation, we recorded latency (the time until the first contact with the shell), and the number and duration of shell investigation bouts. The two species behaved similarly when exposed to the odours of food, live snails, and predators, while a more intense shell investigation was induced by dead snail odour in C. erythropus and by dead or live conspecific odour in P. bernhardus. Further studies should investigate the influence of phylogeny and ecology on this interspecific difference.     

Hale-BOPP彗星的壳层结构

在紫金山天文台全自动密度扫描仪（PDS）上测量了1997年3月4日（UT）拍摄的Hale-Bopp彗星的壳层结构。对测量的数据用优选法分析后给出：（1）从彗核喷发出的喷流（壳层结构的第一层亦即最靠近彗核的那一层）呈阿基米德螺线形状，喷流喷出物质的速度为1.6公里/秒；（2）壳层结构的第二，三，四层呈抛物线形状，亦与悬链线相近。     

Exploring aberrant bivalve shell ultrastructure and geochemistry as proxies for past sea water acidification

Throughout much of Earth's history, marine carbonates have represented one of the most important geological archives of environmental change. Several pivotal events during the Phanerozoic, such as mass extinctions or hyperthermal events have recently been associated with ocean acidification. Nevertheless, well‐defined geological proxies for past ocean acidification events are, at best, scarce. Here, experimental work explores the response of bivalve shell ultrastructure and isotope geochemistry (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O and δ²⁶Mg) to stressful environments, in particular to sea water acidification. In this study, the common blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was cultured (from early juvenile stages to one year of age) at four pH regimes (pH_NBS 7·2 to pH 8·0). Shell growth rate and ultrastructure of mainly the calcitic portion of the shells were compared between experimental treatments. Specimens exposed to low‐pH environments show patches of disordered calcitic fibre orientation in otherwise well‐structured shells. Furthermore, the electron backscattered diffraction analyses reveal that, under acidified conditions, the c‐axis of the calcite prisms exhibits a bimodal or multi‐modal distribution pattern. Similar shell disorder patterns have been reported from mytilids kept under naturally acidified sea water conditions. In contrast, this study found no evidence that different pH regimes affect shell carbon, oxygen or magnesium isotope ratios. Based on these observations, it is proposed that: (i) stressful environments, in this case low sea water pH, predictably affect bivalve biomineralization patterns; and (ii) these findings bear potential as a novel (petrographic) proxy for ancient sea water acidification. An assessment of the applicability of these data to well‐preserved fossil shell material from selected time intervals requires additional work.     

渤海湾太平洋牡蛎壳体记录的冬季停止分泌/春季恢复生长的最低水温

河口海岸地区广泛生长的牡蛎壳体, 作为气候环境变化的一种载体, 是研究河口浅海环境演化和海陆相互作用的理想对象。本文以渤海湾地区广泛发育的太平洋牡蛎壳体为研究对象, 根据现生活牡蛎壳体记录的氧同位素变化幅度和生长水体的温度、盐度, 定量地计算了该地区Crassostrea gigas在冬季停止分泌/春季恢复生长的最低水温为5.5℃, 生长季节为3月至12月。     

笠贝(Lottia goshimai)早期发育过程的扫描电镜观察

软体动物的早期发育研究对于理解其发育及演化机制有重要意义。利用扫描电子显微镜对笠贝（Lottia goshimai）的早期发育过程进行研究,结果表明,笠贝早期发育过程十分迅速,受精后9 h左右即形成担轮幼虫,在24 h内发育为典型的面盘幼虫。扫描电镜下,可以观察到原肠作用中很有特色的外包式的细胞运动过程,并清晰地观察到前担轮环、贝壳形成区以及足原基的渐次发育。总体而言,笠贝的早期发育过程既体现了等裂型软体动物发育的典型过程（如外包式原肠作用）,又展现出腹足纲动物的种系特异性特点（如贝壳的生长方向）。研究结果可以为深入解析笠贝早期发育机制提供基础支持。