长江经济带城乡一体化对能源效率的空间效应分析

城乡一体化作为新的经济增长动能,是建设高效的能源经济体系、平衡经济社会发展与生态环境保护的关键性途径。因此城乡一体化对能源效率的效应分析成为促进经济社会可持续发展的重要课题。本文以长江经济带各省市为研究对象,采用DEA测度了考虑非期望产出的能源效率值,并分析其时空上的分异特征,通过构建经济、社会和基础设施3个维度的综合指标体系评价城乡一体化水平,以此为基础运用Moran's I指数确定了能源效率、城乡一体化水平及其他影响因素的空间相关性,最后运用混合地理加权回归估计城乡一体化及3个控制变量的回归参数值并作空间效应分析。得出结论:① 从空间相关性分析来看,长江经济带的城乡一体化发展水平对能源效率具有正向作用,同时经济发展水平和产业结构也对能源效率有正向影响,而技术进步则在一定条件下与能源效率呈负相关关系;② 从回归系数的估计值来看,城乡一体化对能源效率的影响程度要小于技术进步和产业结构,而经济发展水平对能源效率的影响程度最小;③ 城乡一体化水平对能源效率的正向影响程度随着能源效率的上升呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,并且其影响在空间分布上自东向西呈现出递增的特征;④ 长江经济带的能源效率呈现显著的空间相关性和空间异质性。基于此,对长江经济带推进城乡一体化进程中的能源效率提升具有重要意义。     

坐标转换四参数解算的整体最小二乘新方法

在平面四参数坐标转换模型中,观测向量和误差方程系数矩阵中部分元素都存在误差。提出一种使用整体最小二乘迭代法求解坐标转换四参数的新方法,只改正系数矩阵中含误差的元素,同时使系数矩阵中不同位置的相同元素具有相同改正数,理论上更严谨。设计了平面四参数模型坐标转换实验数据,通过与经典最小二乘、整体最小二乘、混合整体最小二乘3种方法结果对比,验证了新方法的可行性且解算结果更优。     

利用神经网络方法提取水稻种植面积—以湖北省双季早稻为例

在利用NOAA数据提取水稻种植面积的过程中，由于其地面分辨率较低，存在大量混合像元问题，使得提取精度不够理想，该文基于神经网络方法即可以提供多源数据的输入，又不受数据分布假设限制的特点，从NOAA图像演算最能反应朋稻分布信息的绿度指数（NDVI）和日夜温差值，将其重采样，然后加入对水稻生产区域有重要影响的土壤类型，土地利用类型及高程分布等信息，以TM图像作为准直值进行分类，获得较为理想的湖北省双季早稻种植面积。     

蔡家营铅—锌—银矿床的稳定同位素地球化学研究

河北蔡家营矿床是大型中温热液充填－交代脉型铅－锌－银矿床。其硫化物的δ＾３４Ｓ值为２．２‰－７．８‰，同世代共存的１０个硫化物对的Δ＾３４Ｓ值表明，Ｆｅ－（Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ）－Ｓ系统的硫同位素非平衡分馏占主导，硫是岩浆（为主）与老变质岩层硫的混合来源。石英及其流体包裹体的δ＾１８ＯＳＭＯＷ和δＤＳＭＯＷ值（‰）按混合模式计算表明，成矿流体为混合的岩浆和大气降水，早期成矿流体以岩浆为主，尔后则变为以大气降     

地下水径向稳定混合流单井排放诱发地表位移的精密计算

基于地下水径向渗流单井排放诱发的地表位移的一般公式，结合地下水径向稳定混合流的降深表达式，导出了在均质含水层潜水井和承压井两种情况下的地下水稳定混合流单井排放诱发地表位移的解析表达式，讨论了所求表达式的数值积分计算方案，并以２０个节点的Ｈｅｒｍｉｔｅ求积公式编制了计算程序，并以实例验证了本文方法的可行性。本文研究为在地下水稳定混合流场地区进行高精度动态大地测量时定量考虑地下水排放产生的地壳形变影响     

STUDY ON MIXED MODEL OF NEURAL NETWORK FOR FARMLAND FLOOD/DROUGHT PREDICTION*

The paper concerns a flood/drought prediction model involving the continuation of time series of a predictand and the physical factors influencing the change of predictand.Attempt is made to construct the model by the neural network scheme for the nonlinear mapping relation based on multi-input and single output.The model is found of steadily higher predictive accuracy by testing the output from one and multiple stepwise predictions against observations and comparing the results to those from a traditional statistical model.     

黔西二叠纪玄武岩及岩浆来源初步分析

本文以织金熊家场剖面为例进行岩石学及岩浆来源分析研究。岩性和岩石化学特征表明,区内玄武岩为碱性—钙碱性拉斑玄武岩。同位素地球化学和稀土元素分布模式研究资料表明,本区玄武岩原始岩浆来源于地壳和地幔二元组分相混合的体系。通过锶同位素组成的计算,显示了原始岩浆中的幔源和壳源二元组分的混合比例为5.4:1。     

重力流的运动特点和类型

作者以鄂尔多斯地区奥陶系丰富的重力流沉积为例,借助非牛顿流体力学的基本原理,对重力流运动的特点和类型作了进一步的探讨,重力流运动的特点是:具层移(流)运动、有旋性、挤压性、涡旋性、惯性、颗粒上浮性、颗粒下沉、颗粒碰撞、剪切作用和下切作用。重力流可分为:滑动流、混合流、碎石(屑)流、颗粒流、液化流和浊流。     

Intercomparison of High-Resolution Bay of Bengal Circulation Models Forced with Different Winds

The high-resolution Bay of Bengal circulation modeling in the region [80E–95E; 5N–22N] is performed with a horizontal resolution of 10 km and the highest vertical resolution of 5 m near the surface. The intercomparison experiments, with ocean model forced with the near-surface (1) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis winds and (2) blended seawinds data (a combination of remotely sensed scatterometer and in situ observations) are carried out for a period of 17 years during 1998–2014. The seasonal variability of the realistically simulated surface hydrographic (temperature and salinity) and circulation (currents) variables from both the experiments is compared and contrasted with the observational data. The mixed layer depth seasonal variability of the region is also studied. The mesoscale features of currents at 50 and 100 m are also studied. The volume transport across different sections in the Bay of Bengal is computed and its relation with summer monsoon rainfall is investigated. The results suggest that there is no real advantage of using high-resolution blended seawinds over the much coarser NCEP reanalysis winds.     

Food Diaries to Measure Food Access: A Case Study from Rural Cuba

This article aims to make a contribution to current debates in the literature on food access by describing a mixed-methods approach to study the access to food in one rural community in Cuba. Each of the forty households in our study was asked to complete a detailed food diary in which they indicated what they ate and where they acquired each of the ingredients that they used for a full week. Although in Cuba the state plays a central role in organizing the distribution of food items, this method revealed a much more complex web of rural food access. By addressing alternative networks of food access and informal social relations, we aim to show how the use of food diaries, in combination with qualitative data from interviews and participant observation, can provide detailed insights in the complex processes and networks of food access.