Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Páramo Ecosystem in the Northern Ecuadorian Andes 1988-2007

Páramo is a term used to describe tropical alpine vegetation between the continuous timberline and the snow line in the Northern Andes. Páramo environments provide important species habitat and ecosystem services. Changes in spatial extent of the páramo ecosystem at Pambamarca in the Central Cordillera of the northern Ecuadorian Andes were analysed using multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite data. The region suffered a loss of 1826.6 ha or 20% of the total area at a rate of 100 ha/annum during 1988-2007 period. It is found that permanent páramo cover decreased from 8350 ha in 1988 to 5864 ha in 2007 at a fairly constant rate(R2=0.94). This loss is attributed to expansion of commercial agriculture and floriculture in the valleys coupled with increased population pressure. Land at higher elevations has been cleared for small scale agriculture. Loss of the páramo ecosystem will exert a number of negative impacts on ecosystem services and livelihoods of the local population at Pambamarca.     

山东省重点地区矿产勘查开采遥感动态监测探析

为打击各类违法采矿行为,自2007年起山东省在全省基岩裸露区开展了多轮次矿产勘查开采遥感动态监测,及时发现了各类违法勘查开采矿产资源行为,为监测区矿产资源监管提供了执法依据。结合山东省矿产勘查开采遥感动态监测工作现状,探讨了矿产勘查开采遥感动态监测相关工作内容及要求。     

河南熊耳山北部上观环形构造及其找矿意义

河南省西部的熊耳山地区是重要的金成矿集中区,区内环形-线性构造与成矿存在耦合关系。本研究中对最新高分SPOT-5图像和Aster的遥感地质解译发现,熊耳山北部上观周围区域存在多个环形构造,主要发育于太华群古老变质岩和熊耳群火山岩中,南部附近为中生代花山岩体。环形构造集中分布,大环套小环、线性和环形构造交切。影像蚀变信息提取研究发现,环形构造周围及其内部发育较好的铁染异常和羟基异常,具有良好的找矿前景。附近和周围已知的金矿床和金矿点零星分布,但其遥感图像与熊耳山其他类似环形构造发育地区相比,影像特征更为典型,且成矿条件似更为优越,有可能成为熊耳山地区又一个金银成矿集中区。     

Spatial and temporal variations of coastlines in northern China (2000-2012)

This study examined the spatial distribution of the continent coastline in northern China using remote sensing and GIS techniques, and calculated the fractal dimension of the coastline by box-counting method, with a time span from 2000 to 2012. Moreover, we analyzed the characteristics of spatial-temporal changes in the coastline's length and fractal dimension, the relationship between the length change and fractal dimension change, and the driving forces of coastline changes in northern China. During the research period, the coastline of the study area increased by 637.95 km, at a rate of 53.16 km per year. On the regional level, the most significant change in coastline length was observed in Tianjin and Hebei. Temporally, the northern China coastline grew faster after 2008. The most dramatic growth was found between 2010 and 2011, with an increasing rate of 2.49% per year. The fractal dimension of the coastline in northern China was increasing during the research period, and the most dramatic increase occurred in Bohai Rim. There is a strong-positive linear relationship between the historical coastline length and fractal dimension (the correlation coefficient was 0.9962). Through statistical analysis of a large number of local coastline changes, it can be found that the increase (or decrease) of local coastline length will, in most cases, lead to the increase (or decrease) of the whole coastline fractal dimension. Civil-coastal engineering construction was the most important factor driving the coastline change in northern China. Port construction, fisheries facilities and salt factories were the top three construction activities. Compared to human activities, the influence of natural processes such as estuarine deposit and erosion were relatively small.     

Classifying and mapping the urban transition in Vietnam

The urban transition almost always involves wrenching social adjustment as small agricultural communities are forced to adjust rapidly to industrial ways of life. Large-scale in-migration of young people, usually from poor regions, creates enormous demand and expectations for community and social services. One immediate problem planners face in approaching this challenge is how to define, differentiate, and map what is rural, urban, and transitional (i.e., peri-urban). This project established an urban classification for Vietnam by using national census and remote sensing data to identify and map the smallest administrative units for which data are collected as rural, peri-urban, urban, or urban core. We used both natural and human factors in the quantitative model: income from agriculture, land under agriculture and forests, houses with modern sanitation, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Model results suggest that in 2006, 71% of Vietnam's 10,891 communes were rural, 18% peri-urban, 3% urban, and 4% urban core. Of the communes our model classified as peri-urban, 61% were classified by the Vietnamese government as rural. More than 7% of Vietnam's land area can be classified as peri-urban and approximately 13% of its population (more than 11 million people) lives in peri-urban areas. We identified and mapped three types of peri-urban places: communes in the periphery of large towns and cities; communes along highways; and communes associated with provincial administration or home to industrial, energy, or natural resources projects (e.g., mining). We validated this classification based on ground observations, analyses of multi-temporal night-time lights data, and an examination of road networks. The model provides a method for rapidly assessing the rural–urban nature of places to assist planners in identifying rural areas undergoing rapid change with accompanying needs for investments in building, sanitation, road infrastructure, and government institutions.     

中国第26次南极考察南大洋碳通量评估

南大洋是大气CO2的重要汇区,而近几十年来这个汇出现了明显变化并成为了研究的热点。利用中国第26次南极考察期间雪龙船绕南极航行所获得的现场碳及相关参数观测数据,分析推导出海水pCO2及其主控因子(叶绿素和水温)之间的经验关系,并结合相关卫星遥感数据建立遥感外推算法,计算南大洋50°S以南海区碳通量分布,评估该海区对大气CO2的吸收能力。计算结果表明,2009年11月从90°E到90°W(顺时针方向),50°—75°S海域为CO2输送大气的弱源,平均输入大气通量为9.482 mol·m-2·month-1,碳释放量为0.001 779 5×1015gC;2009年12月从90°W—90°E(顺时针方向),50°—75°S海域为吸收大气CO2的弱汇,平均碳通量为-12.451 mol·m-2·month-1,碳吸收量为0.026 656×1015gC。将经验关系推导至该月份的50°—75°S整个南大洋的计算中发现,2009年11月南大洋为大气CO2的源,碳释放量为0.002 789 6×1015gC;在2009年12月南大洋为大气CO2的汇,碳吸收量是-0.003 503 5×1015gC。相比之前我们所观测的结果,南大洋的碳汇吸收能力呈现明显下降。     

结合MapReduce和HBase的遥感图像并行分布式查询

提出了一种可扩展的遥感图像多维度并行查询模式,即利用MapReduce实现海量图像数据金字塔的并行构建,利用HBase实现图像的分布式检索,设计和实现了单张遥感图像金字塔的并行构建方法和图像索引系统。实验结果表明,随着Hadoop和HBase集群的增长,图像数据的导入和检索速度得到明显提升。     

高光谱遥感土地质量指标信息提取研究进展

高光谱遥感技术已成为提取土地质量指标的前沿技术之一。该文回顾了国内外高光谱遥感技术在土地质量指标提取中的研究进展,总结归纳了作为土地生态系统载体的土壤属性质量指标和反映生态系统结构功能的质量指标中的土壤有机质、全氮、土壤水分、铁氧化物、土壤重金属、土壤质地、土壤盐分、植被覆盖度、生物量、指示种10个指标的提取、敏感波段选择与反演方法,指出研究中存在的问题,最后展望了高光谱遥感技术在土地质量指标提取研究中的应用前景。     

包头市人工影响天气综合业务系统中三维地形图的实现方法

在"包头市人工影响天气综合业务系统"中以1:5万的数字高程模型(DEM)为基础,将图像平面与三维地形叠加,采用三维场景的模拟方法绘制包头地形图,其核心是三维地形的可视化显示。三维地形可视化通常采用DEM作为基础地理数据,在上面叠加遥感影像,这就保证了三维模型能够较为真实地反映实际的场景。     

准全球陆表干旱严重程度的多传感器遥感监测方法研究

在全球气候变暖的背景下,持续的干旱事件将对生态系统和人类社会产生不利影响。尽管存在多源卫星遥感资料及多种干旱指数,然而区域和全球尺度干旱事件的监测仍具有挑战。采用TRMM（Tropical RainfallMeasuring Mission）数据量化降水异常、MODIS（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）和陆表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）数据表征植被生长异常,构建了一种兼顾降水异常和植被生长状况异常的多传感器陆表干旱严重程度指数（Multi-sensorsDrought Severity Index,MDSI）。结果表明:MDSI 能够准确检测准全球范围（50°S～50°N,0°～180°～0°）的气象干旱事件,如亚马逊流域2005 和2010 年干旱、中国川渝地区2006 年干旱、中国云南2010 年干旱、非洲东部2011 年干旱、2012 年美国中部干旱等;MDSI 与PDSI（Palmer Drought Severity Index）呈现出大致相同的干湿空间格局,并且MDSI 有助于湿润地区干旱程度的检测。