福尔马林固定白鲟(Psephurus gladius)标本的DNA提取及其相近种微卫星引物的适用性

白鲟是是世界上最大的淡水鱼之一,为我国独有,被誉为"长江中的活化石".目前白鲟群体已极度濒危,获取其新鲜材料非常困难,因此本文以保存于中科院水生所标本馆的福尔马林固定白鲟标本为研究材料,尝试从其肌肉、心脏、鳍条和肝脏组织提取白鲟基因组DNA,并检验相近种匙吻鲟和中华鲟微卫星引物对白鲟有无适用性.实验包括福尔马林固定白鲟标本从组织预处理到消化、抽提等步骤的整体优化过程;通过一系列对比试验分析在不同条件下提取到基因组DNA片段大小的差异,最终实现了福尔马林固定白鲟标本基因组DNA的稳定提取,并提出后续实验的延伸设想加以完善.     

Correlation of the Canol Formation source rock with oil from Norman Wells

The source of the oil at Norman Wells has long been assumed to have been the Canol Formation and/or the Bluefish Member of the Hare Indian Formation. These two units are stratigraphically above and below the Kee Scarp Formation reservoir unit respectively, and are both bituminous shales. A wide range of analytical techniques including Rock-Eval pyrolysis, solvent extraction and fractionation, capillary gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and white light and fluorescence microscopy has been used to characterize core samples of these two units and two samples of crude oil from the Norman Wells field.Most of the analytical techniques were insufficiently refined to either differentiate the extracts from each other or to make a definitive oil/source rock correlation. Collision activated decomposition coupled with multiple ion detection mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) did provide sufficient chemical compositional detail of the oils and the two potential sources to demonstrate that the Canol Formation has been the effective source of the Norman Wells oil whereas the Bluefish Member has not. Petrological analysis of the organic fractions also indicates that although the bulk organic composition of both units may be classified as Type II organic matter, significant differences exist between them. The Bluefish Member contains substantial amounts of megaspores, whereas the organic matter in the Canol Formation is largely phytoplankton debris.The level of thermal maturity of the core samples ranges from immature to moderately mature in the vicinity of the Norman Wells field to overmature for the samples obtained to the west and north of the field. The level of thermal maturity of the oil was observed to be somewhat higher than that of the samples of the source formation directly above the field. It was thus inferred that some lateral migration from more mature areas has occurred but the extent of this migration was not necessarily more than a few to tens of kilometers.