矿石之微生物脱磷机理的初步研究

以生尘芽孢杆菌进行了微生物脱磷机理与应用的探索性研究。试验结果表明：生尘芽孢杆菌脱磷必须经过两个步骤：（1）通过产生有机酸降低溶液pH值使磷矿石中的磷溶出;（2）当溶液中的磷达到一定浓度后微生物形成胞内聚磷酸盐。     

Lipid composition of a Recent Polynesian microbial mat sequence

The extractable lipid composition of four layers of a microbial mat from Hao, French Polynesia, shows differences that reflect both the imprint of their microbial populations and the selective diagenetic transformations of specific microbial compounds.The uppermost layers, principally composed of cyanobacteria and other bacteria, contain lipids typical of such microbes, namely n-heptadecane, heptadecene, hexadecanoic acid, and various sterols. With increasing depth the selective degradation of lower n-alkane homologues occurs; n-alkenes also show enhanced degradation.The predominant sterols in the bottom horizon of the mat are C₂, and C₃₀ components, including dinosterol and other 4-methylsterols presumably derived from dinofiagellates. In addition, there is an increase in the proportion of stanols with depth, perhaps arising from preferential degradation of δ⁵-stenols.     

造纸废水灌溉对芦苇湿地微生物的影响研究

为了解造纸废水灌溉对滨海芦苇湿地的影响,测定了几种灌溉条件下湿地基质中微生物数量、微生物量碳/总有机碳(MBC/ TOC)和土壤有效硫等指标.结果表明:造纸废水灌溉能显著提高基质中微生物数量和活性,且受季节影响较明显,一般在9月份最高;微生物数量在基质内垂直分布为上层>下层,特别是放线菌、真菌;反硝化细菌与土壤TN,纤维素分解菌与废水COD去除率,及MBC/TOC与基质呼吸强度相关性较好;硫酸盐还原细菌数量在10月份以后激增,使基质变黑,但对芦苇根系影响较小.废水灌溉能改良滨海盐碱土壤,促进退化生态系统的修复,但不同灌溉模式对微生物种群组成的影响不同,推荐采用间歇灌溉(w4)或低水深恒流灌溉(w1)模式.     

Resistance may be an important mechanism by which marine microbes respond to environmental toxicants

The hypothesis, that at least certain marine microbial organisms respond to toxic stress by the development of resistance, was tested using the hypotric marine ciliate Euplotes vannus Muller as the test organism. Resistance to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB, Aroclor 1254) was developed in E. vannus by exposing the animals to progressively higher PCB concentrations during a period of several months. The resistance to PCB persisted for at least 80 days (greater than 40 generations) after final exposure. This suggests either that genetic selection or persistent (lasting over many cell division cycles) phenotypic trait modification, possibly in the form of Dauermodification, had occurred. If resistance were widespread among marine microbial organisms in polluted environments it would be an important consideration in evaluating the long-term biological impact of both natural and man-induced chemical stress.     

Nutrient flux in the Rhode River: Tidal transport of microorganisms in brackish marshes

Concentrations of bacteria, chlorophyll a, and several dissolved organic compounds were determined during 11 tidal cycles throughout the year in a high and a low elevation marsh of a brackish tidal estuary. Mean bacterial concentrations were slightly higher in flooding (7·1 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹) than in ebbing waters (6·5 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹), and there were no differences between marshes. Mean chlorophyll a concentrations were 36·7 μg l⁻¹ in the low marsh and 20·4 μg l⁻¹ in the high marsh. Flux calculations, based on tidal records and measured concentrations, suggested a small net import of bacterial and algal biomass into both marshes. Over the course of individual tidal cycles, concentrations of all parameters were variable and not related to tidal stage. Heterotrophic activity measured by the uptake of ³H-thymidine, was found predominantly in the smallest particle size fractions (< 1·0 μm). Thymidine uptake was correlated with temperature (r = 0·48, P < 0·01), and bacterial productivity was estimated to be 7 to 42 μg Cl⁻¹ day⁻¹.     

中国沙漠微生物分布及特征

微生物是沙漠生态系统的重要组成部分,对生态系统功能和稳定性具有重要意义,目前中国对沙漠微生物的研究基本覆盖了主要的荒漠区。本文基于中国沙区已有研究成果对微生物学研究方法的进展、沙漠微生物群落组成及多样性变化规律、沙漠微生物群落分布特征及影响因子、沙漠微生物群落功能多样性和微生物资源等进行了总结,以期为沙区微生物资源开发利用提供重要依据。     

Studies on the bioactivity of marine microorganisms using Pyricularia oryzae model

1Introduction The marine environment contains a complex va-riety of plants, animals and microorganisms. Owingto their unique adaptations to the habitat, these liv-ing creatures elaborate a wide diversity of naturalproducts with specific bioactivities, whi…     

湿地生态系统中主要功能微生物研究进展

阐述了湿地生态系统中主要功能微生物的多样性特点,以及主要功能微生物群落结构多样性在地域、环境、湿地类型中的差异;概括了主要功能微生物在湿地中污染物的降解、温室气体释放等方面的作用;概述了氨氧化微生物、产甲烷古菌和甲烷氧化细菌、反硝化细菌和真菌以及硫酸盐还原菌与硫氧化细菌等主要功能微生物的相关研究进展;总结了植被和养分元素对湿地生态系统中微生物影响的研究成果。针对各种外在因素影响湿地微生物的详细机制尚不明确,湿地生态系统中植被与微生物多样性的关系存在争议,以及湿地微生物在净化污水、温室气体排放等方面功能类群及分布特点研究相对匮乏等问题,提出了湿地功能微生物研究的发展方向。     

南极低温微生物研究及其应用前景

南极由于其独有的地理及气候特征,蕴育了丰富的低温微生物资源。这些低温微生物具有独特的分子生物学机制和生理生化特性,它们不但在南极生态环境系统中占有重要的地位和作用,在基础研究和生物工程应用方面同样也具有相当大的潜在价值。本文从开发利用南极微生物资源的角度出发,简述了近年来国内外有关南极低温微生物的研究状况及取得的研究成果（重点在微生物生理生化方面和遗传方面）,并进一步探讨了南极低温微生物在环境保护、食品、化工及医药等多个领域中的开发应用前景。     

西南印度洋龙旂热液区神盾螺共附生微生物多样性分析

深海热液区的极端环境促使热液区生物形成了独特的生存机制,即与微生物的共附生关系。本文利用高通量测序技术分析了与西南印度洋龙旂热液区神盾螺（Gigantopelta aegis）共附生微生物的种类及功能。基于16S rRNA基因 V3-V4区扩增子测序结果发现：①神盾螺共附生菌中99.99%都属于细菌域,丰度最高的是变形菌门γ-,ε-,和α-变形菌纲;②神盾螺个体Ga1和Ga3的共附生菌群落中以γ-变形菌为主,个体Ga2 中以ε-变形菌为主,表明在同一热液区生活的不同个体间其共附生菌种类也存在较大差异;③宏转录组测序结果与扩增子测序结果基本一致,即神盾螺共附生细菌中变形菌门相对丰度最高,同时发现了高丰度的硫代谢、氢代谢、甲烷代谢以及环境胁迫应答基因。神盾螺共附生微生物的研究将有助于探究深海热液喷口生物的生存和适应策略,为进一步研究奠定基础。