基于水文模型的乌裕尔河流域水资源评价

基于水文模型的流域水资源评价可以为解决流域水资源短缺问题和改善水资源管理利用模式提供科学依据。针对传统水资源评价存在的问题,以乌裕尔河流域为例,利用研究区已建立的SWAT模型进行流域水资源评价,并分析了流域蓝水绿水资源量的时空分布规律。研究结果表明,绿水资源量在乌裕尔河流域水资源量中占得较大比重,对维持区域水安全、粮食安全和生态系统稳定具有重要作用。把绿水资源量评估纳入到传统水资源评估体系中,并对传统的水资源管理进行革新是一项势在必行的举措。     

广东省红树林土壤碳储量及固碳潜力研究

利用文献收集和数据整合的方法,对广东省不同红树林群落和地区的碳储量及碳埋藏速率进行了系统梳理。研究发现,广东省红树林的面积为9 106.21 hm²,土壤碳储量为1 542.02 GgC,土壤碳密度为0.23 GgC/hm²。广东省内红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)群落的土壤碳密度最高,分别是0.27和0.23 GgC/hm²,而秋茄(Kandelia candel)群落土壤碳密度最低,仅为0.13 GgC/hm²。广东13个沿海地市的红树林土壤碳储量按大小顺序为湛江(894.5 GgC)>阳江(195.4 GgC)>江门(97.7 GgC)>珠海(91.0GgC)>茂名(59.6 GgC)>汕头(51.4 GgC)>中山(49.2 GgC)>惠州(36.1 GgC)>广州(35.1 GgC)>深圳(18.3 GgC)>汕尾(10.8 GgC)>东莞(2.8 GgC)&...     

Collisions and close encounters involving massive main-sequence stars

We study close encounters involving massive main-sequence stars and the evolution of the exotic products of these encounters as common-envelope systems or possible hypernova progenitors. We show that parabolic encounters between low- and high-mass stars and between two high-mass stars with small periastrons result in mergers on time-scales of a few tens of stellar free-fall times (a few tens of hours). We show that such mergers of unevolved low-mass stars with evolved high-mass stars result in little mass-loss  (∼0.01 M_⊙)  and can deliver sufficient fresh hydrogen to the core of the collision product to allow the collision product to burn for several million years. We find that grazing encounters enter a common-envelope phase which may expel the envelope of the merger product. The deposition of energy in the envelopes of our merger products causes them to swell by factors of ∼100. If these remnants exist in very densely populated environments  ( n ≳ 10⁷ pc⁻³)  , they will suffer further collisions which may drive off their envelopes, leaving behind hard binaries. We show that the products of collisions have cores rotating sufficiently rapidly to make them candidate hypernova/gamma-ray burst progenitors and that ∼0.1 per cent of massive stars may suffer collisions, sufficient for such events to contribute significantly to the observed rates of hypernovae and gamma-ray bursts.     

Young star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud: NGC 1805 and 1818

We present colour–magnitude diagrams for two rich (≈10⁴ M_⊙) Large Magellanic Cloud star clusters with ages ≈10⁷ yr, constructed from optical and near-infrared data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope . These data are part of an HST project to study LMC clusters with a range of ages. In this paper we investigate the massive star content of the young clusters, and determine the cluster ages and metallicities, paying particular attention to Be-star and blue-straggler populations and evidence of age spreads. We compare our data with detailed stellar-population simulations to investigate the turn-off structure of ≈25 Myr stellar systems, highlighting the complexity of the blue-straggler phenomenon.     

Multisite campaign on the open cluster M67 – I. Observations and photometric reductions

We report on an ambitious multisite campaign aimed at detecting stellar variability, particularly solar-like oscillations, in the red giant stars in the open cluster M67 (NGC 2682). During the six-week observing run, which comprised 164 telescope nights, we used nine 0.6-m to 2.1-m class telescopes located around the world to obtain uninterrupted time series photometry. We outline here the data acquisition and reduction, with emphasis on the optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio of the low-amplitude (50–500 μmag) solar-like oscillations. This includes a new and efficient method for obtaining the linearity profile of the CCD response at ultrahigh precision (∼10 parts per million). The noise in the final time series is 0.50 mmag per minute integration for the best site, while the noise in the Fourier spectrum of all sites combined is 20 μmag. In addition to the red giant stars, this data set proves to be very valuable for studying high-amplitude variable stars such as eclipsing binaries, W UMa systems and δ Scuti stars.     

Petrogenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic Xishankou pluton,northern Tarim block,northwest China: implications for assembly of the supercontinent Columbia

The Tarim block, one of the largest cratons in China, records an important part of the Proterozoic crustal evolution of the Earth. Many previous studies have focused on the Neoproterozoic magmatism and tectonic evolution of this block in relation to the break-up of Rodinia, although relatively little is known about its earlier tectono-magmatic history. In this article, we present detailed petrographic, geochronologic, whole-rock geochemical, and in situ zircon Hf isotope data for the pre-Neoproterozoic Xishankou granitoid pluton (XBP), one of several blue quartz-bearing granitoid intrusions well exposed in the Quruqtagh area, and discuss these intrusions in terms of their tectonic environment. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating indicates that gneissic quartz diorite and granodiorite of the XBP crystallized at 1934 ± 13 and 1944 ± 19 Ma, respectively. Both underwent metamorphism essentially coeval with emplacement, a time that is compatible with the globally distributed 2.1–1.8 Ga crustal amalgamation during formation of the supercontinent Columbia. Petrographic and geochemical evidence suggest that the XBP is a continental-arc-type granite and may have been generated by the partial melting of Archaean thickened lower crust; this would suggest that the northern Tarim block was a continental-type arc at ca. 1940 Ma. Our new data, together with previous regional geological studies, indicate that a series of Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 2.0–1.8 Ga) tectono-magmatic events occurred in the northern Tarim attending the assembly of Columbia.     

Laboratory studies on zooplankton‐cyanobacteria interactions

Laboratory studies on cyanobacteria‐zooplankton interactions have largely focused on the inadequacy of cyanobacteria as a food source. Some features of cyanobacteria can be regarded as anti‐herbivore defences. Large colonies of Aphanizomenon, Anabaena and Microcystis cannot be handled by zooplankton, but do not interfere seriously with the filtering process. Small colonies and filaments, however, may cause severe inhibition of the feeding process by mechanical interference. This reduces zooplankton growth, reproduction, and survival. Copepods, rotifers, and Bosmina are less affected by mechanical disturbance than cladocerans. If ingested, some cyanobacteria may be poorly digested or may not provide essential nutrients. Some cyanobacteria are reported to be toxic to zooplankton. Several strains of Microcystis produce an endotoxin, but the amount of toxin produced differs among strains and with the condition of Microcystis. Zooplankton encountering toxic cells cease feeding. Some evidence of an extra‐cellular herbivore deterrent was found for Anabaena. Thus, cyanobacteria may either be individually protected or may create an environment that is unfavourable for efficient grazers (e.g., Daphnia).     

Diversity and coverage of seagrass ecosystems in south-west Madagascar

Seagrass meadows provide important nursery and feeding grounds for many commercially valuable fish species. Here, we address the paucity of published information on the status of seagrasses in Madagascar by documenting the results from ecological surveys of 11 seagrass beds in Velondriake, a locally managed marine area (LMMA) in south-west Madagascar. The diversity and coverage of meadows was highest in the north of the LMMA with up to 51% coverage, and lowest in the south (26%). Overall, eight seagrass species were recorded: Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, H. stipulacea, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii and Thalassodendron ciliatum. We discuss the natural and anthropogenic factors that may account for the observed low diversity of seagrasses in southern Velondriake, including overfishing, beach-seining, cyclones, siltation and mangrove deforestation. Based on these baseline surveys, as well as discussions with local communities, it is recommended that measures should be taken to reinforce efforts to ban beach-seines and that the role of seagrasses as carbon sinks and potential sustainable financing options through blue carbon initiatives should be investigated through further, more detailed surveys.     

InSAR技术在南极地区的应用

南极与全球环境变化的关系受到了全人类的关注.空间对地观测技术的发展,为人类进一步认识南极打开了新的局面.合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（InSAR）是近十年发展起来的极具潜力的空间对地观测技术,已经成为一种用于生成数字高程模型（DEM）地图制图及地表运动监测等的有效手段.通过Grove山地区的实例研究和分析,进一步肯定了InSAR在南极研究中不仅可以用于地图制图,而且在冰川动力学、冰貌环境变化等研究领域也有巨大的潜力.