贵州丹寨汞矿田甲烷包裹体研究及其地质意义

根据显微镜下观察和包裹体均一温度测定,在丹寨汞矿田中发现了大量高密度甲烷包裹体,其均一温度为-92.7~-118.2 ℃,密度为0.278~0.350 g/cm3。与甲烷包裹体共生的盐水包裹体均一温度主要为170~230 ℃。以盐水包裹体的均一温度作为甲烷包裹体的捕获温度,用包裹体热力学方法计算出高密度甲烷包裹体在成矿过程中的捕获压力高达106.8~233.3 MPa。高密度甲烷包裹体的发现,为丹寨古油藏中原油在深埋过程中受高温裂解作用产生超压环境提供了重要证据。甲烷包裹体的观测结果为研究油热裂解气藏的压力条件和探讨汞成矿与油气成藏之间的关系提供了重要信息。     

Release of mercury from intertidal sediment to atmosphere in summer and winter

The release of mercury from intertidal sediment to atmosphere was studied based on the simulated experiment. The experiment samples were collected from the Haibo Estuary (S1) and the Licun Estuary (S2) of the Jiaozhou Bay in China,which are seriously polluted with mercury. The results show that the mercury in sediment releases rapidly to atmosphere under solar radiation. After 8 hours of solar radiation,mercury concentrations decrease from 5.62 μg/g and 2.92 μg/g to 2.34 μg/g and 1.39 μg/g in S1 and S2 sediments respectively in summer,and decrease from 5.62 μg/g and 2.92 μg/g to 4.58 μg/g and 2.13 μg/g respectively in winter. The mercury species in the sediment change markedly under solar radiation. The concentrations of mercury bound to organic matter decrease significantly from 2.73 μg/g to 0.31 μg/g in S1 and from 2.07 μg/g to 0.31 μg/g in S2,and the released mercury mainly comes from mercury bound to organic matter. Mercury flux shows distinguishing characteristic of diurnal change,and it increases rapidly in the morning with the rising of solar radiation intensity,but decreases in the afternoon. The mercury flux increases with sediment temperature and solar radiation intensity. The rapid release of mercury in intertidal sediment plays an important role in the regional mercury cycle.     

苏州西部土壤汞分布特征及成因

在收集以往自然重砂测量、土壤测量资料的基础上,结合1∶5万土壤地球化学调查,进行苏州西部土壤中汞的分布特征及成因解析。结果表明,研究区土壤中Hg含量变化范围较大,介于0.023～5.012 mg/kg之间,平均值高达0.386 mg/kg,远高于苏州地区表层土壤及太湖水网平原表层土壤Hg含量平均值,土壤汞污染比较严重。区内辰砂矿物与土壤中Hg的空间分布具有较高的耦合性,与区内断裂构造、矿床分布有关,表明区内土壤中的汞、辰砂分布是多金属矿成生作用的产物,人类活动的影响不大。     

Mercury pollution in two gold mining areas of the Brazilian Amazon

Gold has been exploited intensively in the Brazilian Amazon during the past fifteen years using garimpo methods (small-scale gold mining). In this study, two gold mining areas were investigated, the municipalities of Pocone and Alta Floresta located in the state of Mato Grosso. Central Brazil. The elemental mercury (Hg) used in amalgamating the gold, the final stage of the ore dressing process, has caused abnormal Hg concentrations in waterways. This has occurred principally in the Amazon region, where most of the ore prospected is alluvial. Background levels of metals were determined by analyzing sediments and soils located upstream of the anthropogenic inputs and unaffected by mining activities. The study aimed to evaluate the pollution level in sediments and soils, taking into account drainage waters directly affected by gold mining. ‘Geoaccumulation indexes’ (Igeo) of Hg in sediments from both study areas were used to assesses the pollution level in the aquatic environment. The geoaccumulation indexes of Hg in sediments of the Bento Gomes River in Pocone indicate a relatively high degree of pollution at some sites, even reaching class 4 (1.85 mg/kg). However, when the river reaches the Pantanal swamp, Hg concentrations drop considerably to 0.30 mg/kg. This drop seems to be due to accumulation of metals in the sediments of a lake (sampling site PG-24), which retains most of the sediments transported by the Bento Gomes River. Accumulation of metals in the lake also occurred for Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and Mn. In the region of Alta Floresta, total Hg concentrations in sediments of the Teles Pires River were studied in the grain size fractions < 74 μm and > 74 μm. Hg concentrations in bottom sediments of this river were higher than those found in the Pocone region, with increases of 1.5 to 30 times the background, and thus reaching an Igeo up to class 5.     

郯庐断裂带安徽段土壤气体的地球化学特征

在郯庐断裂带安徽段由北向南分别于泗县、明光、肥东、桐城布设了4个测区,每个测区各布设了4条跨断层土壤气测量剖面,测量土壤气Rn、Hg和CO_2的浓度。根据16条跨断层土壤气剖面的测量结果,对郯庐断裂带安徽段的3种土壤气体的释放特征及其与断层空间位置间的关系进行了初步分析。结果表明,气体在断裂带附近较为富集,对断层位置有一定指示作用;气体的富集程度与断裂的活动性、该区段断层岩性及地质环境有一定关系。该结果对于认识测量区域气体的积累特征及构造地球化学研究有一定意义。     

胶州湾近岸沉积物-海水汞的释放研究

本文通过模拟实验研究了胶州湾海泊河口和李村河口沉积物中的汞在不同环境条件下向海水的释放,并对汞的释放动力学数据进行了拟合。总体上两种沉积物汞的释放浓度分别为1.41~5.99μg/L和1.06~3.62μg/L,最大释放率分别为2.7%和3.4%,对胶州湾潮间带水质产生较大的影响。海水的pH值、温度和沉积物厚度都会影响汞的释放。pH<7时,汞的释放作用随pH值的升高而降低,pH>7时,汞的释放作用随pH值的升高而增大;海水温度越高,汞的释放作用越强;随沉积物厚度的增加,汞的释放量增加,释放率降低,海泊河口和李村河口沉积物的有效厚度分别为3.5cm和2.5cm。汞的释放动力学拟合结果表明多个方程都能较好的描述汞的释放动力学过程,其中以Ho的二级动力学方程拟合结果最好。     

汞对三角褐指藻的毒性

汞对三角褐指藻一次培养毒性实验表明,当无机汞(HgCl_2)浓度为5μg/dm~3时能抑制细胞分裂,汞浓度达到80μg/dm~3,则细胞完全停止分裂。甲基汞浓度为1μg/dm~3时能抑制细胞分裂,浓度为25μg/dm~3时,则完全抑制细胞分裂。有机络合剂对无机汞有解毒作用,这表明汞的毒性与汞在溶液中形态有关。根据实验结果,分析讨论了汞对三角褐指藻的毒性机理。无机汞和甲基汞对细胞毒性的差别,可能与它们同细胞膜的结合及传输方式不同所致。     

岩样孔隙汞渗入量超声法精密测定

采用声学方法精密测定汞被高压强压入储油岩样的渗入体积，对岩芯孔隙结构测定中的汞体积计量方法作了重要改进。本方法以无水酒精作为计量工作介质，在其中发射声波，通过对汞界面反射声波的识别，进行非接触的声学测量，从根本上解决了当前国内外采用的电阻法，电容法无法避免的由于汞腐蚀或油污染而要求经常进行与有毒汞接触的清洗，并且确保了计量系统工作性能的长期稳定与准确可靠。在０．０１ＭＰａ至５０ＭＰａ压强范围内连续计量，量程０～１０ｍｌ，准确度０．０１ｍｌ。