Temporal and spatial variations of atmospheric methane concentration and δ^13 C-CH4 near the surface on the Millor Peninsula, East Antarctica

During the 22nd Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE-22,2005/06),the atmospheric gas samples near the surface were taken on the Millor Peninsula and adjacent areas,east Antarctica,using Tedlar gas bags.The methane(CH4) concentration and δ13C-CH4 in those samples were analyzed in the laboratory.The average value of atmospheric CH4 concentration on this peninsula was(1.87±0.12)×10-6,slightly higher than the global average CH4 concentration.The summertime variation of CH4 concentrations showed a large...     

AVO character research of natural gas hydrates in the East China Sea

Natural gas hydrates are considered as strategic resources with commercial potential in the 21st century. Obvious BSR characteristics will be shown on seismic profiles, if there exist natural gas hydrates. The AVO method is one of the methods which can be used to identify and forecast lithologic characteristics and fluid properties by using the relationship between Amplitude and Offset. AVO anomaly is one of the significant signs to check out whether or not there is free gas below the BSR, so it can be used to detect natural gas hydrates from the seismic profile. Considering the geological and geophysical characteristics of the Okinawa Trough and making use of the techniques mentioned above, we can conclude that the conditions there are favorable for the formation and concentration of natural gas hydrates. By analyzing the data collected from the study area, one can discover many different anomalous phenomena on the seismic profile which are related to the existence of natural gas hydrates. Preliminary estimation of the natural gas hydrates in the Okinawa Trough shows that the trough is rich in natural gas hydrates and may become a potential important resources exploration area.     

Effects of Plant Community Type on Soil Methane Flux in Semiarid Loess Hilly Region,Central Gansu Province,China

Methane(CH₄) is an important greenhouse gas second only to CO2 in terms of its greenhouse effect. Vegetation plays an important role in controlling soil CH₄ fluxes, but the spatial variability of soil CH₄ fluxes during vegetation restoration in Loess Hilly Region(LHR) is not fully understood. The effects of different plant community types [Medicago sativa grassland(MS); Xanthoceras sorbifolium forestland(XS); Caragana korshinskii bushland(CK); Hippophae rhamnoide...     

Association among active seafloor deformation, mound formation, and gas hydrate growth and accumulation within the seafloor of the Santa Monica Basin, offshore California

Seafloor blister-like mounds, methane migration and gas hydrate formation were investigated through detailed seafloor surveys in Santa Monica Basin, offshore of Los Angeles, California. Two distinct deep-water (≥ 800 m water depth) topographic mounds were surveyed using an autonomous underwater vehicle (carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp sub-bottom profiler) and one of these was explored with the remotely operated vehicle Tiburon. The mounds are > 10 m high and > 100 m wide dome-shaped bathymetric features. These mounds protrude from crests of broad anticlines (~ 20 m high and 1 to 3 km long) formed within latest Quaternary-aged seafloor sediment associated with compression between lateral offsets in regional faults. No allochthonous sediments were observed on the mounds, except slumped material off the steep slopes of the mounds. Continuous streams of methane gas bubbles emanate from the crest of the northeastern mound, and extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonate pavements and chemosynthetic communities mantle the mound surface. The large local vertical displacements needed to produce these mounds suggests a corresponding net mass accumulation has occurred within the immediate subsurface. Formation and accumulation of pure gas hydrate lenses in the subsurface is proposed as a mechanism to blister the seafloor and form these mounds.     

海水背景下不同浓度的甲烷含量高光谱定量反演

在油气资源遥感探测中,通过烃渗漏引起的海表面甲烷气浓度异常来探测海底气藏是最直接的方法之一。为了更好地识别海表甲烷异常,提高遥感反演精度,对海表甲烷气含量进行定量光谱分析研究。设计室内甲烷波谱测试平台,获取海水背景下不同含量甲烷高光谱数据为数据,对光谱数据预处理及进行比值导数光谱法,并提取光谱吸收特征参数,对甲烷含量与光谱参数之间进行相关性分析,构建甲烷含量的反演模型。比值导数光谱法确实抑制了海水背景信息,突出了甲烷特征。1650—1664 nm和2180—2210 nm波段范围的光谱参数与甲烷含量相关性显著;其中,波谷、波深、面积、斜率与甲烷含量显著相关。基于2180—2210 nm波段范围建立的波谷、波深、面积、斜率四元回归方程y=-14.356 - 5931.796x₁ - 4325.081x₂+241.481x₃+7531.973x₄拟合效果最好,R²为0.9817;且在此波段范围内基于波深建立的单变量甲烷反演模型y = 2047.571x - 9.758,R²为0.9741,比基于其他变量所建立的反演模型效果要好。成功获取了和海水背景下甲烷含量线性相关显著的对应波段和吸收特征,可为利用多/高光谱遥感预测勘探海表面甲烷气浓度提供一定的理论和技术依据。     

真光层海水过饱和甲烷的来源及机制探讨

真光层海水中普遍存在甲烷过饱和现象,尤其是天然气水合物区真光层的甲烷明显异常。由于临近海气界面,真光层过饱和甲烷与大气甲烷排放及全球温室效应密切相关。目前,对真光层海水的过饱和甲烷来源仍没有统一的认识。综合前人研究成果梳理了真光层海水过饱和甲烷的来源,归纳了真光层海水过饱和甲烷现象形成的影响因素,进一步探讨了原位微生物可能参与的甲烷代谢机制。真光层过饱和甲烷可能来源于沉积物、临近河流或原位微生物,且受区域、季节、营养盐等多种因素的影响。由于受氧气影响,真光层海水甲烷产生的代谢机制有其特殊性,目前推测微生物可能依旧利用常规的产甲烷途径,它们存在于海水微厌氧环境中,或自身形成抵抗氧气影响的能力;此外,微生物也可能选择对氧不敏感的新的产甲烷途径。因此,针对天然气水合物区真光层甲烷过饱和现象,开展甲烷的来源和代谢机制的研究,以期为天然气水合物试采与开发的环境评价提供理论支撑,并为探究海水甲烷对大气及全球气候的影响提供理论依据。     

Discrete-element numerical modelling method for studying mechanical response of methane-hydrate-bearing specimens

Abstract

It is important to understand the deformation mechanism of methane-hydrate specimens (MHSs) to avoid deforming the seabed during methane-hydrate production. For this purpose, discrete-element method (DEM) modelling is advantageous because it requires much less cost and effort compared to artificial specimens and in situ sediments. In this study, a method for generating DEM numerical simulation models of MHSs is proposed to study the deformation mechanism of MHSs. First, numerical models that consider the saturation of methane hydrate (S_MH), following which the bi-axial compression of these models is simulated. The mechanisms controlling the shear strength of MHSs are verified and modified by investigating the stress–strain response behavior, crack-development process, and evolution of the void change rate (E_change) of MHSs. The increases of the peak strength and secant elastic modulus of the MHS with the increment of confining pressure follow parabolic relationships. Under different loading rates, the peak strength tends to increase parabolically with the increment of loading rate, while the relationship between the secant elastic modulus and loading rate is linear. Based on the testing results, empirical formulas of peak stress and elastic modulus are proposed for different confining-pressure and strain-rate conditions.     

煤层气L型水平井钻井工艺在山西郑庄区块应用与研究

煤层气L型水平井能够最大限度的沟通煤层微裂隙和裂隙系统,增加井眼在煤层中的波及面积和泄气面积,较定向井能大幅提高单井煤层气产量。在煤层气L型水平井钻井过程中,涉及钻井工艺较繁琐,通过优化井深结构、控制井眼轨迹、合理钻具组合、改进泥浆性能、提升钻井技术等方法,可有效提高了钻进效率,缩短钻进周期,提高工作效率和经济效益。2022年,通过TSJ3000水源钻机在沁水盆地郑庄区块煤层气L型水平井钻探实际应用,以钻井周期20.1d,完井井深2033.94m,钻机月速2991.67m,创造了华北油田煤层气该区块同类型井钻井周期和钻机月速的双记录。     

基于GIS的采空区煤层气聚集分析

通过研究阜新王营矿各煤层采空区情况,根据煤层气游离态的运移规律,利用GIS进行采空区煤层气聚集分析,找出了采空区最易冒落的地区以及煤层气易聚集的地方,为将来开采和利用煤层气资源提供了依据。      

应用高温甲烷吸附实验研究川东北地区五峰组页岩甲烷吸附能力

页岩甲烷吸附能力是决定页岩气井开采方案的重要参数,对评估页岩气藏潜力意义重大。干酪根类型、总有机碳含量、矿物组成、成熟度和孔径等是影响页岩吸附性能的因素,但针对高温高压下过剩吸附现象对页岩甲烷吸附能力影响的研究还需开展进一步的探索。为揭示四川盆地东北地区五峰组页岩甲烷吸附能力,本文通过场发射扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附和高压甲烷吸附实验,研究了高温高压下页岩的甲烷吸附能力,并分析了页岩孔隙结构等对页岩吸附能力的影响。结果表明:①五峰组页岩孔隙结构非均质性强,发育有机孔隙、粒(晶)间孔隙、粒(晶)内孔隙和粒(晶)间溶孔等多种孔隙;②比表面积平均为19.1282m^2/g;孔体积平均为0.0195cm^3/g;孔径平均为5.2226nm;③修正后的饱和吸附气量为2.56m^3/t;④五峰组页岩甲烷吸附性能受控于比表面积、孔体积;有机质含量越大、有机质热演化程度越低,其甲烷吸附性能越强;⑤孔隙结构是影响页岩甲烷吸附能力的重要内因。同时指出低压条件下的实验吸附曲线不适合直接评价页岩甲烷吸附能力。