柴达木盆地托拉海河下游复合新月形沙丘沉积构造探地雷达探测初步结果

运用探地雷达,对柴达木盆地托拉海河下游右岸两个典型复合新月形沙丘进行探测,通过图像处理与影像解译,获取了连续且具一定深度的风沙沉积构造信息,并结合无人机影像、遥感影像与野外实际考察情况,综合分析该研究区内风沙沉积构造与沉积环境。结果表明：（1）选取100 MHz的天线、0.5 m探测步长、1 m的天线间距进行探测,探地雷达图像与无人机影像呈现出很好的对应关系,沙丘内部构造清晰,故使用此参数探测复合新月形沙丘的内部结构可行。（2）托拉海河下游复合新月形沙丘内部沉积构造类型多样,广泛发育正向加积层、垂向加积层等层理。（3）河道与沙丘均向东南方向移动,两个沙丘存在规模持续缩小且两翼拉长、逐渐变得不对称的发育过程。（4）托拉海河下游复合新月形沙丘的发育分为3个时期：快速发育阶段、固定风蚀阶段、蚀余加积阶段。     

A visualization-oriented 3D method for efficient computation of urban solar radiation based on 3D–2D surface mapping

The temporal and spatial distribution of solar energy in urban areas is highly variable because of the complex building structures present. Traditional GIS-based solar radiation models rely on two-dimensional (2D) digital elevation models to calculate insolation, without considering building facades and complicated three-dimensional (3D) shading effects. Inspired by the ‘texture baking’ technique used in computer graphics, we propose a full 3D method for computing and visualizing urban solar radiation based on image-space data representation. First, a surface mapping approach is employed to project each 3D triangular mesh onto a 2D raster surface whose cell size determines the calculation accuracy. Second, the positions and surface normal vectors of each 3D triangular mesh are rasterized onto the associated 2D raster using barycentric interpolation techniques. An efficient compute unified device architecture -accelerated shadow-casting algorithm is presented to accurately capture shading effects for large-scale 3D urban models. Solar radiation is calculated for each raster cell based on the input raster layers containing such information as slope, aspect, and shadow masks. Finally, a resulting insolation raster layer is produced for each triangular mesh and is represented as an RGB texture map using a color ramp. Because a virtual city can be composed of tens of thousands of triangular meshes and texture maps, a texture atlas technique is presented to merge thousands of small images into a single large image to batch draw calls and thereby efficiently render a large number of textured meshes on the graphics processing unit.     

也门1区块恶性漏失地层气体钻井实践

也门1区块地表覆盖着约300 m厚坚硬灰岩,区块内断层多,广泛存在着漏失层,采用常规钻井技术,机械钻速慢,井漏频繁,钻井难度很大。从地质条件、循环介质以及经济性等方面评价了气体钻井在1区块的适应性。现场应用初期,砂岩地层井漏、下套管遇阻问题非常突出,气体钻井发挥的作用有限。针对这些问题,通过优化井身结构和注气注液参数,优选泡沫、充气钻井基液配方、首选充气盲钻作为快速钻穿恶性漏失层的主要技术等,并制订完善的技术措施。现场3口井的应用表明,1区块地层复杂,单一的空气、泡沫或气体钻井技术只能解决部分钻井问题,综合运用气体钻井技术,才能满足提高钻速、稳定井壁和预防井漏等多方面的要求,从整体上提高钻井时效。     

松南地区复合钻井技术分析

松南地区地层岩石可钻性级值高,油气勘探过程中面临的关键问题是钻速低,钻井周期长,严重影响了该地区的油气勘探。为了提高该地区的机械钻速,进行了较多复合钻井等提速技术的研究及应用。针对松南地区已开展的复合钻井技术实验进行了分析,分析了复合钻井技术提速机理,以及松南地区开展复合钻井技术适用的地层。     

最小二乘配点法解一维非稳定流问题

最小二乘配点无网格法是一种新型高效的无网格法。该方法除节点外又在研究域内引入辅助点,近似函数仍然只通过节点构造,微分方程在所有节点和辅助点上满足。用最小二乘配点法计算河间承压非稳定流问题,算例表明,最小二乘配点法比有限差分法计算精度高,稳定性好。     

Unsteady RANS simulation of a surface piercing propeller in oblique flow

Conventional propellers might undergo severe cavitation at high speeds and this phenomenon not only affects the efficiency of the propeller, but also may result in serious damages in propulsion system. Due to their special geometries, surface piercing propellers (SPPs) overcome this problem and achieve high efficiencies in high speeds. Therefore, SPPs are one of the popular propulsors for high-speed crafts. The present research is aimed to pursue SPP's performance in the off-design conditions. URANS method was used to study the performance of the 841-B SPP (a case with some available experimental results; Olofsson, 1996) in several immersion ratios (I = 33%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and maneuvering conditions (incident angles of 0°, 10° and 20°). The free surface was simulated using VOF method. Off-design conditions might exert extra or less forces and torques on the propeller's blade. In the present research for 841-B SPP, it was found that a maneuver condition would increase the thrust and torque coefficient for some cases. The sliding mesh technique was utilized to simulate the 841-B SPP performance, which unlike the multiple reference frame (MRF) technique, this technique allows to capture the blades hit on the water surface in transient mode simulations.     

钻井船插桩对导管架平台群桩影响的CEL有限元分析

采用CEL大变形非线性有限元方法并结合非线性地基梁模型对海洋石油941钻井船在番禺10-2平台钻井插桩时对邻近导管架平台群桩的影响进行了分析,并得到以下结论:1)钻井船插桩过程中,桩身最大位移及出现的位置随钻井船插桩深度增加而下移且钻井船插桩位置与群桩距离越近,对桩的影响越大;2)在插桩过程中,桩身最大弯矩出现的位置与桩身最大位移出现的位置一致,而桩身最大剪力出现的位置较桩身最大弯矩出现的位置偏下;3)与没有插桩影响的群桩相比,桩身最大弯矩与桩身最大剪力明显增加。     

淮南矿区潘北矿A组煤层首采工作面开采地质条件探查分析

淮南矿区A组煤层进入开采实施阶段,潘北矿A3层工作面作为全区首采面,其安全开采地质条件评价至关重要。针对矿区A组煤层特殊的地质条件,综合钻探及地球物理探查成果,运用无线电波透视以及三维并行电法技术,对潘北矿A3层首采工作面的煤层、构造及水文地质条件进行了分析与评价。其中无线电波透视技术解释工作面内7处构造异常,其中1处异常断层及裂隙发育、局部煤层变薄,对回采影响很大;并行电法技术发现顶板异常5处、底板异常3处,根据异常范围,分别圈定顶板3处、底板2处为重点防治水区域。该结论经钻孔验证可靠性较高。     

Gmax of Reclaimed Ground on the Western Coast of Korea Using Various Field and Laboratory Measurements

The maximum shear modulus of soil is a principal parameter for the design of earth structures under static and dynamic loads. In this study, the statistical data of the maximum shear moduli of reclaimed ground in the Songdo area on the western coast of Korea were evaluated using various field and laboratory tests, including the standard penetration test (SPT), piezocone penetration test (CPTu), self-boring pressure meter test (SBPT), down-hole seismic test (DHT), seismic piezocone penetration test (SCPTu) and resonant column test (RCT). Soils were classified variously by using a conventional unified soil classification system and classification charts for CPTu data. For the soils containing mostly sand and silt, the soil classifications using the classification charts for CPTu data show good agreement with the unified soil classification. Based on the statistical analysis on various maximum shear moduli, new site-specific empirical correlations between the shear moduli and SPT and CPTu values were proposed. Predictions of the maximum shear moduli using the proposed correlations were compared with the data obtained from the DHT, which is comparatively exact in evaluating the maximum stiffness of soils. The good agreement confirmed that the proposed correlations reasonably predicted the maximum shear moduli of soils in western coastal area of Korea.     

SPT-CPT Correlation and Its Application for Liquefaction Evaluation in China

The standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) are the two most commonly used in-situ tests. In this paper, SPT-CPT correlation is investigated using statistical and regression method based on a database of in-situ tests. Two correlation equations of the SPT N-value and the CPT cone tip resistance q_c are proposed. The equations are applied for the liquefaction potential evaluation. Three effect factors including the soil type, mean particle size, and fine content are investigated for SPT-CPT correlation. The simple correlation can be used for the preliminary site investigation with least data and information. The comprehensive one can give more accurate result with detailed data. These two correlation equations are useful for different purposes with different accuracies. The liquefaction evaluations using the proposed correlation method are compared with those from the Chinese code method. It is shown that the proposed correlation can be helpful for site investigation and geotechnical design in practice.