工作面无线电波透视实测场强成像分析及应用

为提高坑透数据解释效果,通过对工作面无线电波透视磁场强度的理论分析与公式推导,表明在正常煤层范围,场强值的变化主要受观测点几何位置控制;而在观测点场强路径穿过地质异常区时,主要影响因素为地质异常区内路径长及电磁波能量吸收系数值。将场强值H与观测点路径长R的乘积命名为M,则正常煤层段M可视为常量,而在地质异常存在范围,M值显著降低。将工作面划分为若干小单元,进行M值层析成像反演,可求取工作面各单元M值,再除以工作面平均宽度,得到各单元格场强值,从而获得工作面实测场强成像图。张集矿探测表明,该方法较好地反映了工作面内地质异常区的平面分布情况,回采验证探测结果可靠。作为新的解释手段,正在实际坑透探测中广泛应用。     

Efficient drilling in horizontal directional drilling by implementing the concept of specific energy

The oil and gas industry has successfully used the concept of specific energy (SE) to maximise drill rate and identify inefficient conditions in drilling operations. This paper proposes the idea of implementing the concept of SE in horizontal directional drilling (HDD), a pipeline installation technique which was adopted from horizontal oil well drilling technology. The similarity of the HDD technique with oil well drilling makes SE surveillance a very useful tool in HDD operations. SE monitoring during the drilling stage of HDD can address drilling dysfunctions and maximise the rate of penetration. SE can be calculated in real-time and displayed to the rig personnel during the operation. This paper discusses the concept of SE and how it can be used in HDD projects, and it also illustrates an example application of SE in a case study.     

坚硬地层NBS高效孕镶金刚石钻头的研究与应用

介绍了一种NBS高效孕镶金刚石钻头,该类型钻头通过向胎体配方引入一种NBS材料,该材料与胎体结合强度强,晶型锐利,室内微钻试验及野外试验结果显示,该类型钻头可大幅提高钻进中弱风化坚硬岩石的钻进效率,且钻头寿命较以往技术有很大提高。     

自动网格法在大型滑坡模型试验位移测试中的应用

应用非接触式光学测量方法中自动网格法原理,研究了大型滑坡模型试验中的位移测试方法及其分布规律。以石榴树包滑坡模型试验为例,针对自动网格法用于大型滑坡模型试验位移测量时所存在的问题提出了解决措施,并对石榴树包滑坡在不同水位运行工况下的位移规律进行了研究分析。     

幂律型浆液扩散半径研究

基于广义达西定律及球形扩散理论模型,推导出幂律型浆液在砂土中进行渗透注浆时有效扩散半径计算公式。分析了注浆压力差随浆液流变参数c和n及浆液扩散半径的变化情况。注浆压力差随流变参数c,n分别呈线性和非线性变化,浆液扩散半径增大所需的注浆压力差也相应的增加,增长的幅度受浆液流变参数的影响显著。     

砂土地基中吸力式沉箱的极限沉贯深度分析

吸力式沉箱是广泛应用于离岸结构物中的新型基础形式,贯入分析方法的研究是很重要的课题。分析了砂性土地基吸力贯入过程中的渗流状况,得出了筒内壁的压降比率与贯入深径比的关系公式,分析评估了抽吸作用对筒内壁压降比率的影响,提出了砂土地基中吸力贯入阻力和地基极限吸力的简便计算方法,给出了砂土地基中极限贯入深径比的计算公式,分析了各种砂土地基中的吸力贯入极限深径比。不计筒体自重和抽吸效应影响时,这一比值介于2.1～2.5之间。     

弹丸侵彻无钢筋混凝土的数值模拟

采用二维梁-颗粒模型BPM2D（beam-particle model in two dimensions）模拟了刚性弹丸侵彻无钢筋混凝土的过程。离散元法（DEM）和有限元法（FEM）等数值计算方法各有其优势,同时也都存在不足之处：离散元法适于处理由连续介质向非连续介质转化的破坏问题,但对于连续体计算结果精度不高;有限元法适于预测材料破坏的区域,但难以直接用于计算脆性材料破坏过程,因此将两种方法结合可以形成一种较好的混合模型。梁-颗粒模型BPM2D是基于离散元法,结合有限元法开发的二维数值计算模型,采用3种类型梁单元形成混凝土数值试样,每种类型梁单元的力学性质均按韦伯（Weibull）分布随机赋值,以模拟混凝土细观结构的非均匀性,同时梁单元的强度随应变率不同而变化。利用此模型分析了弹丸侵彻下混凝土的破坏过程,并给出侵彻过程弹丸减速度-时间历程曲线。比较计算结果与试验数据表明梁-颗粒模型可有效应用于计算和模拟脆性材料动态破坏问题。     

土石坝二维地震反应有限元计算的影响因素研究

用有限元法计算土石坝地震反应时,有限元模型的网格剖分、计算边界的处理是计算精度的主要影响因素,也是有限元法分析前处理的主要工作。基于河海大学岩土工程研究所开发的二维有限元土石坝计算程序,分析了网格剖分的形式、网格的合理尺寸、简单边界的计算取值范围对土石坝地震反应的影响。研究结果表明,在土石坝地震反应计算中,网格剖分的整体形式应该水平成层,网格尺寸以最大坝高的7 %～10 %为上限;在有覆盖层的土石坝工程中,简单边界的计算区域应包括覆盖层,并与覆盖层厚度有特定的关系。上述成果可使前处理过程更严谨、更易操作,可作为研究和实际工程计算的参考。     

Liquefaction potential and susceptibility mapping in the city of Yalova, Turkey

This study presents results of both field and laboratory tests that have been used to asses liquefaction susceptibilities of the soils in Yalova city, located in the well-known seismically active North Anatolian Fault Zone. Liquefaction potentials of the sub-surface materials in Yalova city were estimated by using the standard penetration test (SPT) method of field testing. The data obtained have been mapped according to susceptibility, and the susceptibility maps based on the geotechnical data indicated a moderate to high susceptibility to liquefaction for the magnitude of earthquake of M=7.4. Both the high groundwater level and the grain size of the soils, in conjunction with the active seismic features of the region, result in conditions favourable to the occurrence of liquefaction. When the surface and near surface geological conditions were taken under consideration, it was seen that the study areas geology is prone to liquefaction having a moderate liquefaction susceptibility. If geologic and geomorphological criteria are considered, it should be understood that the study area as discussed under the regions geology is susceptible to liquefaction. The geotechnical data largely support the geologic-based liquefaction susceptibility of the study area.