球面离散网格与球体离散网格的比较研究

测地线在球体剖分中扮演着十分重要的角色,它保证了球体剖分网格单元的形体简单性和空间关系的一致性。本文基于对欧式空间和流空间的数学认识,探讨了球体剖分的评价标准,提出了基于大圆弧QTM的球体八叉树剖分方法,并指出作为一种大尺度的集成三维空间数据模型,全球三维离散网格是地理信息科学的一个新的发展方向。     

球面四元三角网的复杂拓扑关系计算

针对已有球面四元三角网拓扑关系计算方法不能处理带空洞复杂目标的情况,提出了基于公共三角格网来计算球面四元三角网复杂拓扑关系,该方法能准确判断出带空洞复杂目标的拓扑关系,为全球空间分析和应用提供了新的思路。     

地图数据缩编更新中的道路自动选取研究

总结道路选取的研究现状,分析在道路的缩编更新过程中,道路要素选取需要考虑的要素指标。介绍一种道路选取方法,综合考虑道路的等级、长度、网眼面积、区域道路密度、是否是悬挂链等几何、语义和拓扑信息,模拟人类在缩编更新时的思维过程,实现道路的自动选取,并进行试验,验证方法的有效性。     

An Adaptive Nonhydrostatic Atmospheric Dynamical Core Using a Multi-Moment Constrained Finite Volume Method

An adaptive 2 D nonhydrostatic dynamical core is proposed by using the multi-moment constrained finite-volume(MCV) scheme and the Berger-Oliger adaptive mesh refinement(AMR) algorithm. The MCV scheme takes several pointwise values within each computational cell as the predicted variables to build high-order schemes based on single-cell reconstruction. Two types of moments, such as the volume-integrated average(VIA) and point value(PV), are defined as constraint conditions to derive the updating formulations of the unknowns, and the constraint condition on VIA guarantees the rigorous conservation of the proposed model. In this study, the MCV scheme is implemented on a height-based, terrainfollowing grid with variable resolution to solve the nonhydrostatic governing equations of atmospheric dynamics. The AMR grid of Berger-Oliger consists of several groups of blocks with different resolutions, where the MCV model developed on a fixed structured mesh can be used directly. Numerical formulations are designed to implement the coarsefine interpolation and the flux correction for properly exchanging the solution information among different blocks. Widely used benchmark tests are carried out to evaluate the proposed model. The numerical experiments on uniform and AMR grids indicate that the adaptive model has promising potential for improving computational efficiency without losing accuracy.     

Assessing probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction at a given site in a given exposure time using CPTU

This paper is a follow-up to a previous paper on the subject of liquefaction potential index (LPI), a parameter that is often used to characterize the potential for surface manifestation of liquefaction at a given site subjected to a given shaking level (represented by a pair of peak ground surface acceleration a_max and moment magnitude M_w). In the previous paper by Juang and his coworkers, the LPI was re-calibrated for a piezocone penetration test (CPTU) model, and a simplified model based on LPI was created for computing the conditional probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction (P_G). In this paper, the model for this conditional probability P_G is extended into a complete framework for assessing the probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction in a given exposure time at a given site subjected to all possible ground motions at all seismic hazard levels. This new framework is formulated and demonstrated with an example site in 10 different seismic regions in the United States.     

Influence of the water layer upon the depth of ground radar investigations in freshwater reservoirs

A number of problems associated with detailed investigation of subsurface geological structure below the bottoms of freshwater reservoirs (rivers, ponds, and lakes) arise during the study of the upper portions of geological sections. The present study is aimed at marginal estimation of the penetrating depth of ground radar investigations in freshwater reservoirs (based on bottom reflections), taking into account the complex nature of conductivity and its dependence upon the frequency under ideal conditions with no noise. The same method can be applied for estimating any given dynamic recording range.     

Effect of flying altitude and pulse repetition frequency on laser scanner penetration rate for digital elevation model generation in a tropical forest

In tropical forests, the penetration ability of airborne laser scanning (ALS) may be limited because of highly dense vegetation cover. However, in the typical planning of ALS surveys, the ability of laser pulses to penetrate forests is not considered. Nine round-trip flight lines covering the area of a tropical forest on the northeast side of the Tsengwen Reservoir in Taiwan were designed in this study. Five flight lines flew at altitudes of 1.525, 1.830, 2.135, 2.440, and 2.745 km, and the other four had pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) of 100, 150, 200, and 250 kHz. The laser penetration index (LPI) is a quantitative index measuring the penetration ability of the ALS and consists of the ratio of the number of laser pulses reaching the forest floor to the total number of laser pulses. The LPI was used to represent the laser penetration rate and investigate the influence of flying altitude and PRF on the LPI. The results showed that as the flying altitude decreased by 1 km, the average LPI increased by 10%, and as the PRF decreased by 50 kHz, the average LPI increased by 2%. The effect of the LPI on digital elevation models (DEMs) was confirmed by visual images obtained by DEMs at five altitudes. The DEM obtained at an altitude of 2.745 km was coarsely textured, whereas that obtained at an altitude of 1.525 km was finely textured. The in-situ height data obtained from the electronic Global Navigation Satellite System (eGNSS) were compared with the data of the ALS-generated DEMs. The results indicated that when the LPI ≥60%, the height difference between the in situ data and DEM data was not prominent. However, when the LPI <60%, the ALS-derived DEM could be higher or lower than the in-situ height; the largest difference between the two was 1.7 m. The LPI of a forest should be considered for ALS survey planning, especially when consistent DEM precision for large tropical forest areas is paramount.     

浅谈挤密碎石桩的施工方法

挤密碎石桩施工法是一种振动成桩法,即先用桩管振动成孔,然后填入足够数量的碎石,最后振动密实成桩体。通过振动、挤密的成桩过程,将原地基土振动夯实,桩体与桩间土形成复合地基,达到既处理可液化地基又增强地基的效果。介绍了挤密碎石柱的施工方法和质量检测方法。     

Effect of Penetration Rates on the Piezocone Penetration Test in the Yellow River Delta Silt

Partial drainage often occurs during piezocone penetration testing on Yellow River Delta silt because of its intermediate physical and mechanical properties between those of sand and clay.Yet,there is no accurate understanding for the range of penetra-tion rates to trigger the partial drainage of silt soils.In order to fully investigate cone penetration rate effects under partial drainage condi-tions,indoor 1 g penetration model tests and numerical simulations of cavity expansion at variable penetration rates were carried out on the Yellow River Delta silt.The boundary effect of the model tests and the variation of key parameters at the different cavity ex-pansion rates were analyzed.The 1 g penetration model test results and numerical simulations results consistently indicated that the penetration rate to trigger the partially drainage of typical silt varied at least three orders of magnitude.The numerical simulations also provide the reference values for the penetration resistance corresponding to zero dilation and zero viscosity at any given normalized penetration rate for silt in Yellow River Delta.These geotechnical properties can be used for the design of offshore platforms in Yel-low River Delta,and the understanding of cone penetration rate effects under the partially drained conditions would provide some technical support for geohazard evaluation of offshore platforms.     

单只桶基安全负压沉贯操作方法物模试验初探

提出了由物质试验方法初步选择的一种可操作的单只桶基安全负压沉贯操作程序,它可作为试验室内多桶基导管架物模试验以及海上（近）原型尺度桶基试验实施负压沉贯操作方法的试验依据,通过对这些试验及其操作程序的修正和完善,可为实际桶基实施海上沉贯作业出一种可靠,安全的操作程序或方法。