油藏地球物理技术在大庆长垣LS油田的应用

针对大庆长垣应用油藏地球物理技术开展精细油藏描述的难点问题,系统阐述了井震联合小尺度构造解释的方法和储层预测的研究。(1)开展分级分层次构造解释,建立了小尺度地质体精细构造解释;(2)在低级序小断层识别和组合方面,采用井指导和验证地震断层解释,同时结合相干体、倾角定位、三维可视化等技术进行综合研究;(3)微幅度构造研究采用井点分层数据小网格成图为主,辅以手动识别、趋势面法、相干体等手段进行逐一落实。储层应用实践证明,地震属性技术预测储层普适性较差,对“泥包砂”型的砂体预测是有效的。地震重构反演技术预测储层精度较高,不仅较好地反映砂体接触关系,而且预测了砂体横向边界。采用“井点定相、切片组形”方法,利用测井曲线形态差异和高程差等特征,辅助以反演切片来研究河道垂向演化,最终实现多期河道的划分。     

旅游博客研究进展与启示

作为现实旅游者分享旅游经历和情感的虚拟平台,旅游博客逐渐成为潜在旅游者出游决策的参考依据,已引起学术界和旅游管理者的高度关注,成为旅游研究新的重要对象。通过对国内外旅游博客研究的相关文献的梳理,从旅游博客研究内容与研究方法两个角度进行评析。在研究内容方面,目前国内外主要从博主、博文、博客技术等3 个方面进行研究。其中,博主研究包括博主的人口学分析、博文写作分析和旅游行为分析,博文研究包括博文对潜在旅游者的作用分析、对旅游目的地形象构建的作用分析及对旅游营销的作用分析。分析结果表明,国外相关研究比较深入,而国内主要是借鉴国外研究方法进行实证研究以及旅游博客的营销作用分析。在研究方法方面,国内外主要通过网站搜集渠道进行信息获取,应用内容分析法与叙事分析法进行博客分析。最后,文章提出3点研究展望:① 在研究尺度方面,需加强不同时间和空间尺度的博文对比分析;② 研究内容方面,应拓宽研究视角,充分利用博客中的图片等有用信息,通过实地调研数据的佐证提高研究的科学性和准确性;③ 研究方法方面,国内研究应该在引介国际前沿理论和研究范式的基础上增强区域性研究,构建中国特色的旅游博客研究体系。     

Remote sensing and the coast: Development of advanced techniques to map nuisance macro-algae in estuaries

Abstract:   The occurrence of nuisance macro-algae in estuaries is a worldwide problem. Monitoring algal cover has proven difficult in the past, in part due to the lack of adequate, universally accepted mapping protocols. This paper discusses a methodology to map algal cover which was successfully trialled in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary in January 2008.     

软土三轴剪切蠕变试验研究及模型分析

将数字图像测量技术运用于三轴剪切蠕变试验,试验结果表明,土粒间水膜厚度对土的蠕变有很大的影响,不排水时,试样土颗粒间水膜保持不变,土的黏滞系数基本为一定值,土的流变变形较大;排水时,随着水的排出土体发生固结硬化,土颗粒间水膜变薄,土的密度增大,黏滞性增强,流变变形较小。在排水条件下,加载瞬间孔隙水压力会持续上升产生Manadei-Cryer效应,整个过程历时约10 min。随着偏应力水平的增加,试样发生鼓胀变形,进而形成剪切面发生剪切破坏;受排水路径的影响,剪切面通常位于试样偏下部位。对比数字图像测量方法和试样排水体积换算法在获得剪切应变时的试验结果,表明试验过程中试样变形的不均匀会导致排水体积换算法在计算剪切应变时产生较大误差;Singh-Mitchell模型很好地描述土的剪切流变特性,确定参数时两种方法得到的参数相差不大,偏应力水平较低时可采用排水量换算法进行确定。     

岩溶含水介质充填水和泥识别的地球物理勘查技术探讨

岩溶含水介质中充填物性质(水或泥)的正确识别是目前制约岩溶水有效勘查与开发利用的主要“瓶颈”之一。充填物为泥或水时,均反映为低电阻率特性,无法区分充填物到底是水还是泥,从而往往造成打井的失败。作者在近几年岩溶区地下水地球物理勘查工作初步发现,利用水和泥的极化差异识别含水介质充填物性质具有较大的可行性。本文分别讨论了具有与水和泥极化特性相关的核磁共振找水法、激发极化法、频谱激电法三种物探方法识别含水介质充填水或泥的基本原理、野外试验效果。当岩溶含水介质充填水时,核磁共振找水法就会有核磁共振(NMR)信号反映,激发极化法中的极化率参数、频谱激电法中的时间常数均具有高值特征;当岩溶含水介质充填泥时,NMR信号无反应,激发极化法中的极化率参数、频谱激电法中的时间常数均具有低值特征。上述结论经几个不同类型的含水介质实例得到验证,效果明显。      

Crossed molecular beam study of gas phase reactions relevant to the chemistry of planetary atmospheres: The case of C2+C2H2

The reaction between dicarbon (C₂) and acetylene was recently suggested as a possible competitive reaction in the atmospheres of Titan, Saturn and Uranus by rate constant measurements at very low temperatures [see Canosa, A., Páramo, A., Le Picard, S.D., Sims, I.R., 2007. An experimental study of the reaction kinetics of C₂(X¹Σ_g⁺) with hydrocarbons (CH₄, C₂H₂, C₂H₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈) over the temperature range 24-300 K: implications for the atmospheres of Titan and the Giant Planets. Icarus 187, 558-568]. We have investigated the reaction of the two low lying electron states of C₂ and acetylene by the crossed molecular beam (CMB) technique with mass spectrometric detection. C₄H, already identified as a primary product in previous CMB experiments, is confirmed as such, even though the mechanism of formation is inferred to be partly different with respect to the previous study. An experimental setup has been devised to characterize the internal population of C₂ and refine the interpretation of the scattering results. The implications for the modelling of the atmospheres of Giant Planets and Titan, as well as cometary comae and the interstellar medium, are discussed.     

Analysis and calibration of Ca ii triplet spectroscopy of red giant branch stars from VLT/FLAMES observations

We demonstrate that low-resolution Ca  ii triplet (CaT) spectroscopic estimates of the overall metallicity ([Fe/H]) of individual red giant branch (RGB) stars in two nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) agree to ±0.1–0.2 dex with detailed high-resolution spectroscopic determinations for the same stars over the range  −2.5 < [Fe/H] < −0.5  . For this study, we used a sample of 129 stars observed in low- and high-resolution modes with VLT/FLAMES in the Sculptor and Fornax dSphs. We also present the data-reduction steps we used in our low-resolution analysis and show that the typical accuracy of our velocity and CaT [Fe/H] measurement is ∼2 km s⁻¹ and 0.1 dex, respectively. We conclude that CaT–[Fe/H] relations calibrated on globular clusters can be applied with confidence to RGB stars in composite stellar populations over the range  −2.5 < [Fe/H] < −0.5  .