针对应急救援的强余震特征统计

大地震后强余震活跃,震后快速判断最大余震震级和强余震发生可能性对提高应急救援效率有重大意义。针对震后应急救援,本文根据救援存活率将震后救援期分为8个时段:震后12 h、震后24 h、震后48 h、震后72 h、震后96 h、震后120 h、震后144 h和震后168 h。对我国大陆地区1966年以来6级及以上地震强余震资料进行分时段统计,分别拟合出8个时段的最大余震震级和主震震级的经验公式;并提出震后强余震发生可能性的经验判断方法,通过本文提出的可能性指数a,依据主震震级,震后可以快速判定强余震发生的可能性。     

基于GIS的马尾马江片区公共厕所布局分析与优化

公共服务配套设施的合理布局和质量提升是新型城镇化的内涵之一,将GIS技术应用于规划领域可使规划成果具更理性与可实施性。以福州市马尾区马江片区为例,基于出行人群密度、区域繁华程度、公共厕所服务半径三者间的对应关系,对马江片区公共厕所的空间布局进行分析,认为该片区现状公共厕所存在数量与质量上的双重不足。针对存在的不足,提出优化算法与优化布局方案,并基于GIS技术实现可视化模拟。优化后的公共厕所共有53座,较现状的27座增加26座,符合《城市公共厕所设计标准》规定;公共厕所服务区覆盖片区总面积的91.5%,较现状的38.8%增加52.7%,满足城市规划与未来发展的需求。     

改进的灰色模型在高铁沉降预测中的应用

针对目前灰色模型在高速铁路沉降预测中存在的不足之处,该文提出了一种通过改善原始数据序列的光滑度来提高灰色模型预测精度的方法,并结合实例,验证了改进灰色模型在高速铁路沉降预测中的可行性,为今后高速铁路的沉降预测评估提供了更多的参考和借鉴。     

独立分量分析改进的图像去噪方法

针对传统去噪算法在复杂噪声污染图像处理中能力较弱的问题,该文基于信号高阶统计量的独立分量分析,通过其自适应变换,分离出源信号中的统计独立的分量,在分析对比传统图像去噪方法的基础上,讨论了独立分量分析的基本模型及原理;提出了一种结合中值滤波与wiener滤波的最大似然估计的图像去噪改进方法。仿真实验表明改进的独立分量分析去噪方法具有较大的优越性。     

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.     

云南风能资源及其开发利用研究进展

介绍了云南风能资源及其开发利用的研究现状和研究成果。分析了云南风能资源评价历程、分布特点和风电开发建设情况。总结了云南有关风电场选址、风能资源评估、风电功率预测预报以及山区风电场和风电机组设计的研究成果。剖析了云南风能资源及其开发利用中存在的问题并提出今后的发展方向。     

Observational Zonal Mean Flow Anomalies: Vacillation or Poleward Propagation?

North-south displacements and meridional vacillations of the eddy-driven jet are widely accepted as the dominant cause of variability of the observational zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies(denoted [u]’).In this study,a new idea regarding the primary variability of the observational [u]’ in the middle latitude troposphere is presented.It is hypothesized that there are two different classes of primary variability of the observational [u]’:the poleward propagation of the [u]’(abbreviated as PP) and meridional vacillations.To validate this hypothesis,one-point correlation maps of [u]’ at 200-hPa during the boreal cold season(November-April) of every year from 1957-2002 are used as a criterion.Twelve PP years,in which the PP events are dominant in the variability of [u]’,and 15 no_PP years,in which the PP events are recessive and the meridional vacillations are dominant in the variability of [u]’,are examined.The results show that the variabilities of [u]’ are different in the chosen PP and no_PP years.In the PP years,the PP events dominate the variability of [u]’;however,the meridional vacillations are prevalent in the no_PP years.     

鄱阳湖区风电场风电功率预报研究

风力发电作为一种无污染可再生的能源,已逐渐成为许多国家能源战略可持续发展的重要组成部分。风电场风能预报是风力发电开发中的关键技术问题。为研究鄱阳湖区风力发电预报技术,采用中尺度模式WRF和微尺度模块CALMET对鄱阳湖区长岭风电场进行了200 m水平分辨率风能预报,并根据长岭机组理论功率曲线表和实测数据拟合出理论和实际发电机组功率曲线模型及平均有功功率与发电量模型。根据WRF+CALMET模式预报风速及建立的发电机组功率曲线模型和平均有功功率与发电量模型,预报了长岭风电场发电量。结果表明:长岭风电场23座风机逐小时风速预报值与观测值相关系数为0.42~0.61,均方根误差为2.59~3.68,相对误差为-13.7%~17.4%;对整个风场,预报风速与观测风速的相关系数为0.55,均方根误差为2.8,相对误差为-4.79%。实测发电量值高于预报值,平均偏大39.7 kW,相对误差为-12.6%,预报值与实测值相关性较好,相关系数达到0.52。总体来说,根据中尺度数值模式预报的风速结合风功率、发电量模型预测出的发电量与实测值较为接近,但各月差异性较大。     

An Empirical Tropical Instability Wave-induced Wind Stress Model in the Equatorial Pacific and its Incorporation into the Ocean Model

Abstract

Satellite observations revealed that there is a close relationship between perturbations of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind stress (τ) induced by tropical instability waves (TIWs; SST_TIW and τ _TIW). Using the empirical relationship observed between TIW-induced wind stress divergence (curl) and downwind (crosswind) SST gradients, this study establishes a TIW-induced wind stress field perturbation model τ _TIW?=?F(SST). This empirical model solves τ _TIW from the TIW-induced wind stress divergence and curl, which are estimated from the downwind and crosswind SST gradients. This empirical τ _TIW?=?F(SST) model can be incorporated into the ocean model to take into account the effect of τ _TIW. By comparing two experiments with and without the τ _TIW effect, this study demonstrates that τ _TIW has a substantial effect on the equatorial Pacific heat budget and induces the long-term mean SST to exhibit a 0.2°C difference, which is consistent with previous studies.     

低层偏南气流对一次暴雨过程的动力作用分析和数值模拟

利用常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2010年7月22-25日四川盆地西部出现的一次暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明:暴雨出现在对流层低层南海至四川盆地一直维持偏南气流的环流背景下,暴雨与这支偏南气流的风速演变密切相关,降雨强度随南风气流的增强而增强,南风气流增强所形成的风速辐合及正涡度平流是暴雨的主要动力触发因子,暴雨与低层辐合和正涡度平流区域有很好的对应关系.WRF数值模拟试验进一步表明:850 hPa层3h风速演变对中尺度对流系统的发展具有很好的指示意义,在3h风速增大区域的下风方,未来3h对流云团将迅速发展;盆地西部形成的气流辐合与其西侧的高原地形密切相关.