大亚湾丽叶鲹的年龄、生长和个体生殖力

本文以耳石作依据对大亚湾丽叶鲹的年龄和生长进行了研究。报道了其年轮特征、年龄组成、体长与体重的分布;给出了丽叶鲹的体长与体重、体长与耳石长的关系和生长方程;采用重量法求得了180尾雌鱼的怀卵量,并计算了其绝对生殖力和相对生殖力及其与体长和体重的关系;分析了卵径分布、性成熟系数的月变化及幼鱼的生长情况。     

渤海湾盆地渤中19- 6凝析气田凝析油成熟度判定及成因意义

关于渤海湾盆地渤中19- 6凝析气田凝析油成熟度存在成熟与高成熟两种截然不同观点,尚未达到统一定论。本文综合利用轻烃、饱和烃和芳烃成熟度参数对凝析油成熟度进行了综合判定,并深入分析了凝析油和天然气的成因关系及凝析气藏形成机制。结果表明：异庚烷值与庚烷值、Ts/（Ts+Tm）与C29Ts/（C29Ts+C29H）、甲基单金刚烷指数与甲基双金刚烷指数、甲基菲指数、二苯并噻吩类成熟度参数和TNR2显示渤中19- 6凝析气田凝析油处于成熟阶段。结合天然气成熟度和储层流体包裹体特征,可知渤中19- 6凝析气田的原油成藏期早于天然气,随着晚期大量天然气的充注,油气会发生相控混溶作用形成含液态烃的气流体,当温度和压力达到混溶后烃类体系的露点以上,则形成凝析气藏。     

二连盆地乌兰花凹陷烃源灶表征及其对油气分布的控制

乌兰花凹陷是近年来在二连盆地南部新发现的富油凹陷,但南北两个洼槽探明的油气资源差异明显。为了准确评价乌兰花凹陷的油气资源潜力,系统地分析了乌兰花凹陷烃源灶特征,讨论了烃源灶与油藏分布的关系。研究表明,乌兰花凹陷阿尔善组至腾一上段发育C、D/E和F相源岩,受构造-层序演化的影响,南北洼槽倾油型(C相)源岩发育层段存在明显差异,南洼槽C相源岩主要发育在阿尔善组,腾一上段和下段以D/E相源岩为主,而北洼槽阿尔善组至腾一上段均发育C相源岩。多口探井热史标定结果表明,乌兰花凹陷烃源岩成熟门限在2000 m左右,南洼槽仅阿尔善组烃源岩进入成熟阶段,阿尔善组C相源岩排油强度为0.5～7.9MMT/km2,为凹陷的主力烃源岩,而北洼槽阿尔善组C相烃源岩主要发育在阿尔善组上段,成熟度较低,最大值仅为0.78%Ro,烃源灶排烃强度小于0.2 MMT/km2,不能形成规模性的油藏。乌兰花凹陷探明的原油均在南洼槽,且集中在烃源灶周围,表现为近源聚集。     

Study on the geochemical correlation of crude oils of Palaeocene and Jurassic ages from the Potowar Indus Basin in northern Pakistan

This study deals with a detailed geochemical characterization of three crude oils from the Upper Indus Basin, Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were obtained from three productive oil fields of the Datta Formation (Jurassic), Lochhart (Palaeocene) and the Dhak Pass zone (Palaeocene). The GC parameters for and the bulk properties of Datta Formation oils are essentially coincident with those of the oils from the Dhak Pass Formation in the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan and the oils likely originate from a marine source rock. In contrast, the Lockhart Formation oils show different behaviors and seem to be originated from dirty carbonate rocks although all three crude oils are mature, being of non-biodegraded and somewhat mixed organic matter origin. Low Pr/Ph values and high C₃₅ homohopane index for the Lockhart Formation oils suggest a source of anoxic environment with low Eh while oils from the Datta Formation and Dhak Pass Formation showed different trends, i.e., lower values of C₃₅ homohopane index indicating different depositional environment than oil from the Lockhart Formation. All three crude oils from the Upper Indus Basin are mature for the hopane ratios, i.e., Ts/Ts+Tm, C₃₂22S/(S+R) and C₃₀ αβ/(αβ+βα) and sterane ratios, i.e., C₂₉22S/(S+R) and C₂₉ββ/(ββ+αα) but oils from the Lockhart Formation seem to be less mature than those from the Palaeocene and Datta Formation according to plots like API° vs. homohopane Index, Pr/Ph vs. sterane. The relative composition of 5α(H), 14β(H), 17β(H)-24-ethylecholestanes and the C₂₉20S/20S+20R index, indicate that all three crude oils are equally mature, which makes it unlikely with respect to the above said plots. This difference is may be due to the migratory chromatography which alters the concentrations of sterane and hoapnes and hence gives different results. These oils do not exhibit UCM and have complete n-alkane profiles indicating non-biodegradation.     

准噶尔盆地东缘晚石炭世花岗岩岩石地球化学特征及铀成矿潜力分析

准噶尔盆地东缘将军庙北部花岗岩岩石地球化学特征、稀土元素、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征显示,该花岗岩形成于碰撞后期板内裂谷环境,其源区主要为软流圈地幔,同时有上地壳物质的混染。初步判定准噶尔盆地东部将军庙地区晚古生代构造环境为成熟岛弧环境,略高于准噶尔盆地平均水平。该地区不同构造单元的古生代大地构造背景及其地壳成熟度存在较大的差异,地壳成熟度整体较低,在一定程度上制约了该区砂岩型铀成矿作用的发育规模。     

估算天然气成熟度的新指标--金刚烷指标

采用天然气重烃富集及MID/GC/MS分析技术,从天然气中检测出单、双金刚烷类化合物。根据琼东南盆地生油岩中金刚烷指标 (Ⅱ )与镜煤反射率 (Ro)的实测值,结合应用塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地的上述实测数据点,建立了双金刚烷指标与镜煤反射率 (Ro)数值对应关系。根据这种关系成功地确定和研究了莺-琼盆地三个构造天然气的成熟度。研究成果不仅提供了检测天然气中金刚烷类化合物的方法,扩大了金刚烷类化合物的应用范围,而且表明金刚烷类化合物是研究天然气成熟度的一个有效指标     

准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区侏罗系物源及古水流分析

通过岩石岩屑组分分析、重矿物组分分析、倾角测井、地层厚度分析等方法，对准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区侏罗系进行物源及古水流方向分析。岩屑组分分析指示着大致的物源前进方向，重矿物分析明确了物源泄入的主要通道，倾角测井在单井点处对古流向有相当高的表现精度，但这三种方法均存在数据平面覆盖率较低和分布密度差异大的缺陷，而运用地震层位解释所得的地层等厚度图则可以在较大尺度上的二维平面内推测沉积时期的古地形，进而可以推测古流向，但它仅是一种间接预测方法，存在局部古流向预测精度较低的不足。文中综合各种方法，将直接预测方法的高精度和间接方法的高覆盖能力结合起来，对古流向作出较高精度的预测。在古流向研究的基础上建立了冲积扇－辫状河－河泛平原沉积体系的沉积相模式。该模式认为对于水流能量保持能力差的冲积扇，其古流向应该沿短轴陡坡降方向，即大致为SEE方向，而对于水流能量保持能力较强的辫状河来说，其古流向应该沿长轴缓坡降方向，即为SE甚至SSE方向。该模式的提出对于提高地震相－沉积相的转相精度具有一定的指导意义。     

The trophic ecology of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Ellidavatn, a small lake in Southwest Iceland

In the lake Ellidavatn, southwest Iceland, fish samples were collected with gillnets of one mesh-size once or twice a month for two years. Stomach samples of 961 Arctic char and 429 brown trout were analysed. The annual diet of char consisted of chironomid larvae (31%), cladocerans Eurycercus lamellatus (19%), bivalves Pisidium spp. (16%), water snails Lymnaea peregra (15%), chironomid pupae (8%) and char eggs (5%) and that of trout consisted of sticklebacks (76%), salmonids (7%) and L. peregra (6%). The average percentage of indigestible plant remains and gravel in the stomach content was much higher for the char (14%) than trout (3%). There were large seasonal changes in the diet of char: char eggs were consumed in autumn, chironomid larvae mostly from autumn to spring, chironomid pupae in summer and E. lamellatus from summer to autumn. No seasonal changes in the diet of trout were seen. The diet overlap of char and trout was very low, usually about 10%, reaching a maximum of about 30% in late summer 1976 when the common diet was mainly E. lamellatus and chironomid pupae. The resource partitioning in Ellidavatn indicates that char are better adapted to preying on small benthic invertebrates than piscivorous trout. The segregation in the diet of the two species indicated competition for restricted food supply, which was also consistent with slow growth and low condition factor of char (0.8–1.0) and trout (1.0) in Ellidavatn. The prey of trout were two orders of magnitude larger than the prey of char which may explain why adult char grew more slowly (2 cm y⁻¹) than adult trout (4 cm y⁻¹) and reached sexual maturity at a smaller size (30 cm) than trout (40 cm).