关于碳酸盐源岩研究的两个问题

简要介绍了碳酸盐源岩研究中的两个问题:有机质的赋存状态(分散且不均一)及确立成熟度的新指标透射色指数(TCI)的最新进展。     

轮南油田原油中三甲基苯基类异戊二烯化合物的检出及其意义

轮南油田不同时代储层原油中检出了丰富的三甲基苯基类异戊二烯化合物。该类化合物被普遍认为是来自于高盐度和强还原水体沉积环境中绿硫菌体内的类胡萝卜素的特征性生物标志化合物。该类化合物的检出对轮南油田烃源岩研究具有重要的指示意义，暗示了具有分层水体或高盐度的强还原环境下发育的优势烃源岩，对该区烃类的主力生烃贡献不容忽视。基于C15-3，4，5-三甲基苯基类异戊二烯异构体在轮南油田原油中的分布规律，及C15-3，4，5／C13-2，3，6-比值与Pr／Ph，Ga／C31H和Ts／Tm等常规地球化学参数的对比，说明具有生源意义、能够指示沉积相特征的三甲基苯基类异戊二烯化合物分布，在一定程度上也受烃类热演化程度的影响。     

高升油田储层流体非均质性研究

高升油田的主力产层沙三层莲花油层由阵发性的浊积砂岩构成，储层的非均质性强，储层流体－石油的总体组成和分子组成同样存在明显的非均质性，它依赖于储集砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率以及它们所处的地层和构造位置，流体非均质性的空间分布反映了油田的聚集史，后期的蚀变作用使储层流体的非均质性更加复杂化，正确认识储层流体的非均质性能为石油开采提供有用信息。     

从古热流值和剥蚀量的研究来判断地热的发育--以四川盆地川合100井为例

采用目前被认为较理想的EASY％Ro动力学模型对四川盆地川合100井进行一维成熟度模拟，并对影响热指标模拟的主要参数进行了敏感性分析。研究表明，古地表温度对模拟结果的影响不大；岩石热导率的影响程度与岩层厚度有关，即厚度越大的地层，其岩石热导率的变化对成熟度模拟的影响越大；对于川西凹陷，60Ma时的古热流值和60-40Ma的剥蚀量对模拟结果影响显著，因此减少这两个参数的不确定性有助于提高该地区成熟度模拟的准确性和可靠性。     

The calculation of hydrocarbon-generating temperature——Theory and practice

How to quantitatively evaluate the maturity of crude oils is still an open question. Mango discovered a remarkable compositional invariance of four isoheptane ratios in crude oils, and proposed a steady-state catalytic model for the origin of light hydrocarbons. According to this model, 2,4/2,3 dimethylpentane ratio is a pure temperature parameter. Bement, Mango et al. established the functional equation between the two parameters-light hydrocarbon temperature and burial temperature and applied it to the calculation of hydrocarbon-generating temperature, which provided a new choice for the study of oil maturity. In this paper, the Mango's parameters for hydrocarbons from the Tazhong area were calculated, the average K1 value is 1.06, which is in good consistency with the Mango's proposal that the K1 value is relatively stable. Calculated with the functional formula of hydrocarbon-generating temperature, the hydrocarbon-generating temperatures are with the range of 120-129℃, and the converted vitrinite reflectance (Ro) varies from 0.88% to 0.90%. This is well consistent with the maturity characteristics of neohopanes. The results have verified the reliability of this method.     

基于专利信息的海上风电技术趋势分析

基于德温特数据库中的专利信息,通过对比海上风电和其他海洋主要可再生能源的年专利信息,结合海上风电专利数量与碳减排压力以及年新增装机数量之间的相关性分析,对海上风电技术发展做了分析,归纳了海上风电的重点技术领域;构建了海上风电技术成熟度预测分析模型。分析结果表明,海上风电技术发展迅速,目前整体的技术成熟度已达到0.87,已从成熟期进入饱和期。浮式风电作为一种具有替代性特征的新兴技术,也得到了快速的发展,目前的技术成熟度已达到0.54,从技术成长期进入技术成熟期。     

油型气湿度和成熟度的关系研究

通过分析国内外鄂尔多斯、四川、Fort Worth、Arkoma等盆地373个样品油型气湿度与镜质体反射率的关系,发现随热演化程度升高,油型气湿度变小,二者呈负对数相关关系,油型气湿度与热演化程度的这种负对数相关关系,可为页岩气勘探和天然气资源评价提供科学依据。同时,分析天然气湿度与热成熟度关系曲线图,发现干酪根降解气湿度随着热演化程度升高迅速减小,而裂解气湿度相对稳定,这也证实原油裂解气与干酪根直接降解生气的分子热动力学模型存在较大差异。     

松辽盆地双城-太平川地区烃源岩生烃潜力评价

双城-太平川地区为松辽盆地北部重要的油气勘探区域,通过对该区青1段、青2 3段、嫩1段和侏罗系暗色泥岩的有机质丰度和成熟度的综合分析,结果表明成熟的青1段泥岩是该地区最主要的烃源岩,青2 3段有局部的生烃贡献,嫩1段的生烃意义有限,侏罗系只能作为煤成气烃源岩。利用热演化程度参数推断出该区源岩的生烃模式和两个生烃高峰阶段。在此基础上,通过对不同构造单元的青1段泥岩生烃潜力与成熟度的综合评价,明确了该区3个有利的青1段生烃方位。     

Influences of fisheries management measures on biological characteristics of threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus) in the Beibu Gulf,South China Sea

Long-term variations in population structure, growth, mortality, length at median sexual maturity, and exploitation rate of threadfin bream(Nemipterus virgatus) are reported based on bottom trawl survey data collected during 1960–2012 in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. Laboratory-based analyses were conducted on 16 791 individuals collected quarterly in eight different sampling years. Average body length, estimated asymptotic length, and percentage of large individuals have decreased significan...     

Relationships between porosity,organic matter,and mineral matter in mature organic-rich marine mudstones of the Belle Fourche and Second White Specks formations in Alberta,Canada

This study presents approaches for evaluating hybrid source rock/reservoirs within tight-rock petroleum systems. The emerging hybrid source rock/reservoir shale play in the Upper Cretaceous Second White Specks and Belle Fourche formations in central Alberta, Canada is used as an example to evaluate organic and inorganic compositions and their relationships to pore characteristics. Nineteen samples from a 77.5 m-long core were analyzed using organic petrography, organic geochemistry, several methods of pore characterization, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The lower part of the studied section includes quartz- and clay-rich mudrocks of the Belle Fourche Formation with low carbonate content, whereas the upper portion contains calcareous mudrocks of the Second White Specks Formation. Strata are mineralogically composed of quartz plus albite (18–56 wt. %), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, ankerite; 1–65 wt. %), clays (illite, kaolinite, chlorite; 15–46 wt. %), and pyrite (2–12 wt. %). Petrographic examinations document that organic matter represents marine Type II kerogen partly biodegraded with limited terrestrial input. Vitrinite reflectance R_o (0.74–0.87%), T_max values (438–446 °C) and biomarkers indicate mid-maturity within the oil window. The relatively poor remaining hydrocarbon potential, expressed as an S2 value between 2.1 and 6.5 mg HC/g rock, may result from an estimated 60–83% of the original kerogen having been converted to hydrocarbons, with the bulk having migrated to adjacent sandstone reservoirs. However, the present-day remaining total organic carbon TOC_pd content remains relatively high (1.7–3.6 wt. %), compared with the estimated original TOC_o of 2.4–5.0 wt. %. The calculated transformation ratio of 60–83% suggests that the remaining 17–40 wt. % of kerogen is able to generate more hydrocarbons. The studied section is a tight reservoir with an average Swanson permeability of 3.37·10⁻⁵ mD (measured on two samples) and total porosity between 1.7 and 5.0 vol. % (3 vol. % on average). The upper part of the sandy Belle Fourche Formation, with slightly elevated porosity values (3.5–5 vol. %), likely represents the interval with the best reservoir properties in the studied core interval. Total pore volume ranges between 0.0065 and 0.0200 cm³/g (measured by a combination of helium pycnometry and mercury immersion). Mesopores (2–50 nm ∅) are the most abundant pores and occupy 34–67% of total porosity or a volume of 0.0030–0.0081 cm³/g. In comparison, micropores (<2 nm ∅) cover a wide range from 6 to 60% (volume 0.0007–0.0053 cm³/g), and macropores (>50 nm ∅) reach up to 57% with the exception of some samples failing to indicate the presence of this pore fraction (volume 0.0000–0.0107 cm³/g). Macroporosity is mostly responsible for variations in total porosity, as suggested by macroporosity's strongest correlation with total porosity within the section. The relatively narrow ranges of TOC and minerals contents among measured samples limit our ability to further deconvolute factors that influence changes in total porosity and pore size distribution.