高动态GPS观测数据的仿真研究

主要介绍了高动态GPS观测数据的仿真情况,分析了GPS观测值仿真的意义、原理、及流程,重点讨论了各个模块系统的功能及采用的数学模型。利用编制的仿真软件仿真了武汉地区的GPS观测值,并与仿真的导航电文进行单点定位计算,算例结果表明本文方法的正确性和可靠性,能满足不同层次人员对GPS仿真观测值的需要。     

Multiple-Point Simulations Constrained by Continuous Auxiliary Data

An important issue of using the multiple-point (MP) statistical approach for reservoir modeling concerns the integration of auxiliary constraints derived, for instance, from seismic information. There exist two methods in the literature for these non-stationary MP simulations. One is based on an analytical approximation (the “τ-model”) of the conditional probabilities that involve auxiliary data. The degree of approximation with this method depends on the parameter τ, whose inference is difficult in practice. The other method is based on the inference of these conditional probabilities directly from training images. This method classifies the auxiliary data into a few classes. This classification is in general arbitrary and therefore inconvenient in practice, especially in the case of continuous auxiliary constraints. In this paper, we propose an alternative method for performing non-stationary MP simulations. This method accounts for the data support in the modeling procedure and allows, in particular, continuous auxiliary data to be integrated into MP simulations. This method avoids the major limitations of the previous methods, namely the use of an approximate analytical model and the reduction of the auxiliary data into a limited number of classes. This method can be easily implemented in the existing MP simulation codes. Numerical tests show good performance of this method both in reproducing the geometrical features of the training image and in honouring the auxiliary data.     

苏皖地面自动站资料的质量控制及结果分析

利用江苏和安徽2012—2014年151个国家站及2 600个区域站资料,对各类自动站资料的质量及其控制方法进行初步探讨。采用缺测资料统计、气候界限值检查、气候极值检查、内部一致性检查、二次迭代的空间一致性检查、时间一致性检查、持续性检查及综合决策算法分别对国家站和区域站资料进行系统的质量控制,并根据质量控制结果进行可疑站点的标记。结果显示:国家站各要素资料缺测率远低于区域站,且资料质量总体上均明显优于区域站;自动站各要素中温、压要素的质量最好,其次是相对湿度;除了空间一致性检查中风场资料的检查结果差别不大外,其余检查中区域站资料的未通过率均远高于国家站资料;将错误资料及可疑站点信息进行及时反馈,能改善实时资料质量,并为相应测站的检修与维护提供依据。     

Flexible Spatial Multilevel Modeling of Neighborhood Satisfaction in Beijing

This article develops an innovative and flexible Bayesian spatial multilevel model to examine the sociospatial variations in perceived neighborhood satisfaction, using a large-scale household satisfaction survey in Beijing. In particular, we investigate the impact of a variety of housing tenure types on neighborhood satisfaction, controlling for household and individual sociodemographic attributes and geographical contextual effects. The proposed methodology offers a flexible framework for modeling spatially clustered survey data widely used in social science research by explicitly accounting for spatial dependence and heterogeneity effects. The results show that neighborhood satisfaction is influenced by individual, locational, and contextual factors. Homeowners, except those of resettlement housing, tend to be more satisfied with their neighborhood environment than renters. Moreover, the impacts of housing tenure types on satisfaction vary significantly in different neighborhood contexts and spatial locations.     

多边形直角房屋外墙体一半面积计算模型的研究

在不动产测量中,计算外墙体一半面积的数学模型,只有针对四边形直角房屋的数学模型,而对于多边形直角房屋计算外墙体一半面积的数学模型还没有发现,这给分析多边形直角房屋外墙体一半面积的精度带来困难,本文通过研究分析,推导出了多边形直角房屋外墙体一半面积的数学模型,供研究面积精度者参考。     

安徽省人事考试“赶考地图”系统设计与应用

从系统架构设计、功能设计、数据库设计、系统实现关键技术以及应用实例等方面对安徽省人事考试"赶考地图"系统的建设情况进行了详细阐述。该系统是以人事考试为主题而设计、开发的GIS系统,在将考区、考点,以及考生吃、住、行等专题信息空间化的基础上,使之具备了空间查询和分析的能力,在考试组织者与考生之间建立起一座桥梁,具有在同行业进行深入推广的应用前景。     

Shallow plumbing systems inferred from spatial analysis of pockmark arrays

This study describes and analyses an extraordinary array of pockmarks at the modern seabed of the Lower Congo Basin (offshore Angola), in order to understand the fluid migration routes and shallow plumbing system of the area. The 3D seismic visualization of feeding conduits (pipes) allowed the identification of the source interval for the fluids expelled during pockmark formation. Spatial statistics are used to show the relationship between the underlying (polarised) polygonal fault (PPFs) patterns and seabed pockmarks distributions. Our results show PPFs control the linear arrangement of pockmarks and feeder pipes along fault strike, but faults do not act as conduits. Spatial statistics also revealed pockmark occurrence is not considered to be random, especially at short distances to nearest neighbours (<200 m) where anti-clustering distributions suggest the presence of an exclusion zone around each pockmark in which no other pockmark will form. The results of this study are relevant for the understanding of shallow fluid plumbing systems in offshore settings, with implications on our current knowledge of overall fluid flow systems in hydrocarbon-rich continental margins.     

河口拦门沙航道整治方案及效果研究

在分析射阳港拦门沙航道一期整治工程建设后航道回淤特征的基础上,通过潮流泥沙数学模型分析研究了二期不同整治方案建设后的水流、含沙量及淤积分布特征,论证了不同方案的整治效果。研究表明:现状条件下由于导堤为潜堤,受越堤水流、口门回流等影响,一期工程建设后航道沿程普遍淤积。在一期导堤的基础上将导堤加高后有利于减小口门段航道淤积;将导堤延长后,淤积最严重的部位年淤强度有所减小,但在新的口门附近航道淤积仍然较严重;将口门宽度缩窄后,口门附近的淤积强度有所减小,但幅度有限;在航道内增加丁坝后,口门段泥沙淤积强度有所减小,但对改善中段航道淤积有限。     

Uncertainty,entropy, scaling and hydrological stochastics. 2. Time dependence of hydrological processes and time scaling / Incertitude,entropie, effet d'échelle et propriétés stochastiques hydrologiques. 2. Dépendance temporelle des processus hydrologiques et échelle temporelle

Abstract

The well-established physical and mathematical principle of maximum entropy (ME), is used to explain the distributional and autocorrelation properties of hydrological processes, including the scaling behaviour both in state and in time. In this context, maximum entropy is interpreted as maximum uncertainty. The conditions used for the maximization of entropy are as simple as possible, i.e. that hydrological processes are non-negative with specified coefficients of variation and lag-one autocorrelation. In the first part of the study, the marginal distributional properties of hydrological processes and the state scaling behaviour were investigated. This second part of the study is devoted to joint distributional properties of hydrological processes. Specifically, it investigates the time dependence structure that may result from the ME principle and shows that the time scaling behaviour (or the Hurst phenomenon) may be obtained by this principle under the additional general condition that all time scales are of equal importance for the application of the ME principle. The omnipresence of the time scaling behaviour in numerous long hydrological time series examined in the literature (one of which is used here as an example), validates the applicability of the ME principle, thus emphasizing the dominance of uncertainty in hydrological processes.     

饱和土变形过程模拟的统计损伤方法研究

针对传统损伤理论的不足与局限性,从研究岩土材料损伤的合理定义入手,并通过深入探讨饱和土损伤的微观力学机制,建立了适合于饱和土的新型损伤模型。在此基础上,引进统计损伤理论,建立了模拟特定围压下饱和土变形全过程的统计损伤本构模型及其参数确定方法。通过探讨饱和土损伤统计本构模型参数与围压的关系,建立了该模型的合理修正方法,从而建立了反映不同围压条件的统一饱和土损伤统计本构模型。理论与试验结果分析表明了该模型的合理性,该模型不仅能反映饱和土的变形全过程,而且能反映孔隙水压力对饱和土变形的影响。