Exact seismic response of smooth rigid retaining walls resting on stiff soil

The assessment of forces exerted on walls by the backfill is a recurrent problem in geotechnical engineering, owing to its relevance for both retaining systems and underground structures. In particular, the work by Arias and colleagues, and later also the one by Veletsos and Younan, among others, becomes pertinent when considering pressure increments on underground structures triggered by seismic events. As a first step, they studied the response of a rigid retaining wall resting on rigid bedrock subjected to SV waves, introducing some simplifying assumptions. This paper presents the exact solution to this reference problem. The solution is given in horizontal wavenumber domain; hence, it comes in terms of inverse Fourier transforms, which can be approximated numerically in Mathematica, which in turn are verified against finite-element simulations. Specific features of this exact solution that were not captured by prior engineering approximations are highlighted and discussed.     

高分辨率SAR与光学遥感影像中道路提取方法的研究

高分辨率影像能够提供丰富的地表细节信息,从高分辨率遥感影像中进行高精度的道路提取是目前遥感信息处理的研究热点。分别以高分辨光学IKONOS影像和COSMO-Skymed SAR影像为数据源,对北京市某区域进行了道路信息自动提取方法的研究。高分辨率光学影像中采用最大似然分类进行道路信息提取,在SAR影像中则采用Otsu阈...     

基于改进DBSCAN聚类算法的雷暴单体三维结构识别技术介绍

雷暴是一种严重威胁飞行安全的天气系统,利用地基多普勒天气雷达反射率因子数据和改进的DBSCAN聚类算法对雷暴单体的三维结构识别及特征量计算进行了研究,并在地基平台上对雷暴单体识别算法的有效性进行了验证分析。识别算法核心是将插值后的反射率因子三维网格数据作为输入量,采用多层反射率因子阈值基于改进的DBSCAN聚类方法识别所有等高面上的雷暴分量,并进行结构元素为3×3的腐蚀膨胀运算及雷暴分量特征核心提取,最后基于雷暴分量重叠面积进行垂直关联。结果表明:相对于SCIT算法,雷暴单体识别算法减少了雷暴分量识别的复杂性,可很好地识别任意形状的雷暴单体;使用多层阈值及特征核心提取技术可识别雷暴簇中的雷暴单体;利用腐蚀膨胀技术可解决雷暴单体虚假合并现象。算法可应用于民航机场雷暴的识别和预警。      

河流水质状况的数理分析

河流水质状况的好坏是自然环境优劣的一个主要因素,以前对水环境的评价只局限在某些水质指标的化验成果来判断河流的水质类别,零散单一,且不直观。采用曲线图形判断和数理统计的偏差分析,可以直观地反应河流水质状况的历史变化过程和即时效应情况,可实用方便地对河流水质状况进行监控和分析。     

侵蚀性降雨识别的模糊隶属度模型建立及应用

根据降雨及其引发土壤侵蚀是一个连续变化过程的特点,基于次降雨雨量(P)和最大30 min雨强(I30)建立了侵蚀性降雨识别的模糊隶属度模型.模型分为3个部分:①推求次降雨各物理参数的模糊隶属度;②将各物理参数的模糊隶属度有机结合起来,获得次降雨的模糊隶属度;③依据次降雨模糊隶属度对自然降雨事件进行判别,筛选出其中的侵蚀...     

内蒙古凉城县草几坝一带土壤化探的数学地质分析

数学地质可用不同的分析方法和图件综合显示多元地球化学数据中的核心信息,对矿床地质特征进行合理的地质解释.凉城草几坝一带1:2.5万土壤化探测量显示出本地区矿化异常是一个以Au为主,伴随有As、Cu、Ag等元素的多元素组合异常.本文应用数学地质分析方法对凉城草几坝一带的南伙房1:2.5万土壤化探数据进行了分析,得出该区异常主要是由一系列北东向构造破碎带所形成的矿化异常.南伙房和坝底地区的土壤化探数据聚类分析表明,8种微量元素可以分为4类,Cu、Ag、Au、As为一类,Pb、Zn为一类,Bi和Sb各为一类.第一类是反映石英脉或蚀变岩型矿化的指示元素组合,第二类反映了中低温的矿化元素组合.南伙房土壤化探元素主因子F1可能代表了石英脉-蚀变岩金矿化.对南伙房440个样品分别计算F1因子得分,得分大于1的有33个,F1因子得分异常等值线图与南伙房工作区Au、As、Cu异常等值线图异常分布情况大致相吻合,因此,Au、As的异常区域及F1因子得分＞1的样品所在的区域重叠处应该是以Au为主的找矿重点区域.     

基于核基因组标记的群体遗传学研究中的数学分析方法

近些年来,各种数学分析方法被广泛的应用于群体遗传学的研究中。然而,对这些数学分析方法的应用缺乏统一的认识,某些研究甚至存在着误用、乱用等现象。对近些年来基于核基因组标记的群体遗传学研究中主要采用的数学分析方法进行了系统的归纳整理,明晰了它们的适用条件和范围。同时,也综述了显性分子标记中对隐性等位基因频率估算的研究进展以及常用的群体遗传学分析软件包含的主要数学分析方法,对合理应用这些参数和软件进行群体遗传学分析具有指导意义。     

应用模糊数学方法提取水体面积信息

讨论了应用ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ资料提取水体信息的方法。采用１．２通道反射率数据构成的归一化植指数（ＮＤＶＩ）来识别水体，并初步提出了应用模糊数学方法提取混合像元中的水体面积信息。     

The Spey Bay geomorphological study

The Spey Bay coastline and the estuary of the River Spey exhibit a rapidly evolving planform. They provide an opportunity to study geomorphological changes in a coupled coastal/estuarine system which can be measured over hours and days rather than the years and decades associated with more slowly evolving landscape features. Attempting to understand coastal and estuarine geomorphology provides engineers and earth scientists with an exciting intellectual challenge. This is not, however, simply an academic challenge because the successful management of coastal and estuarine environments depends on improving this understanding. The impetus behind our work in this area is the protection of land-use interests. It is in this context that Babtie Dobbie Limited have been employed in studying the River Spey since 1962. This paper is based on a practical case study performed for coastal and river engineering purposes between 1990 and 1992. The case study was formulated using the results and conclusions of earlier geomorphological studies of the area undertaken over the past 32 years. Knowledge gained from previous studies was crucial in designing the detailed methods and techniques employed in the 1990–1992 geomorphological study. Methods used included historical analyses, photogrammetry, numerical modelling, geographic information systems (GIS) and interpretation of the complex processes which drive landform changes in the estuary and along the adjacent shoreline. The improved understanding of geomorphological processes that has been achieved has enabled engineers to formulate a new management strategy. Central to this strategy are engineering solutions to river and coastal stability and flooding problems which are in sympathy with the environment and which take maximum advantage of our understanding of geomorphological processes.     

粘性土隔水层对含水层中示踪剂（溶质）迁移的影响

示踪剂（溶质）在孔隙含水层中迁移时，相邻的隔水层以两种方式影响示踪刑的迁移速度：隔水层中的粘粒吸附示踪剂和含水层中的示踪剂由于浓度差的存在向隔水层扩散。本文给出了不同含、隔水层组合条件下，考虑隔水层影响的示踪剂迁移数学模型。