Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

Transformation of Carbon and Nitrogen by Earthworms in the Decomposition Processes of Broad-leaved Litters

Earthworms are the important constituents in the decayed food web and the main ecological conditioners in the process of decomposition and nutrient mineralization. The transformation of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the broad-leaved litters ingested by earthworms was researched by means of a laboratory experiment. Experimental samples were collected from broad-leaved Korea Pine mixed forest in Liangshui National Natural Reserve (47°10′50″N, 128°53′20″E) in the northeastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China. The contents of organic C and total N in earthworms, leaf litters and earthworm faeces were analyzed. Results show that the organic C content was in the fol- lowing order: leaf litters>faeces>earthworms, while total N content was contrary to that of the organic C. The organic C contents in the different leaf litters were in the following order: Tilia amurensis>Betula costata>Acer mono, whereas the total N contents in the different leaf litters were: Betula costata>Tilia amurensis>Acer mono. The contents of organic C and total N in the faeces from the different leaf litters were almost consistent with the contents of the leaf litters. After the leaf litters were ingested by earthworms, the organic C, which was transformed to increase earthworms' weights, ac- counted for 3.90%-13.31% of the total ingestion by earthworms, while that in the earthworm faeces accounted for 6.14%-13.70%. The transformed organic C through the other metabolism (e.g., respiration) of earthworms accounted for 75.04%-89.92%. The ingested organic C by earthworms was mostly used for metabolic activities. The N ingested by earthworms was less than organic C. It is estimated that 37.08% of total N was transformed to increase the earthworm's weight, 19.97% into earthworm faeces and 47.86% for the consumption of the earthworm's activities. The earthworms not only increased the content of organic C and total N in the soil, but also decreased the values of C/N in the soil and leaf litters. Earthworms play a major role in the leaf litters' decomposition and transformation.     

排序对模糊度解算中降相关性能的影响分析

针对不同排序算法对模糊度解算存在降相关性能影响的问题,从理论上分析了自然升序法、对称旋转法及扰动升序法的降相关原理,并基于模拟数据和实测数据,从降相关时间、搜索时间、总体耗时、Bootstrapping成功率及条件数5个方面对3种算法进行对比分析。结果表明,降相关效率与搜索椭球压缩程度呈负相关关系,搜索椭球压缩程度越高,降相关效率越低;对于不同的排序算法,提高降相关性能的关键在于减少降相关时间及对条件方差按一定方向排序,进而提高搜索效率。     

利用MPI实现多幅点云ICP并行配准

迭代最近点算法(ICP)是一种用于点云精确配准的经典算法.针对多幅点云进行ICP配准存在耗时多、效率低的问题,本文利用消息传递接口MPI对多幅点云进行分批并行配准.首先并行求解相邻两幅点云的相邻变换矩阵,然后计算每幅点云在当前批次的局部变换矩阵,最后获得每幅点云的全局变换矩阵.本文以DELL PowerEdge R73...     

21世纪前20年世界地质工作重大事件、重大成果与未来30年中国地质工作发展的思考

在21世纪前20年里,以页岩气、页岩油、天然气水合物和干热岩为代表的非常规能源勘查开发取得重大突破,美国因页岩气勘查开发取得突破实现了能源独立。随着全球经济发展、气候变化加剧和能源转型,对关键金属矿产的需求不断增加,世界各国强势推出关键矿产清单,力求保障本国资源安全。深海探测、地球深部探测取得新进展。地球系统科学成为当代地质科学主题,形成了一批新概念,例如地质多样性、关键带、人类世、临界要素等,引领地质工作的转型。展望未来30年,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,人类将面临资源、环境、生态的重大挑战,地质工作正处于重大转折时期。中国地质工作要突出清洁能源和深海资源勘探开发,要建立基于生态系统的地质调查、监测、模拟与预测技术体系,开展自然资源综合调查,支撑服务国土空间规划、生态保护和修复及城市建设,促进地质工作转型和发展。     

基于规则的OpenStreetMap数据模型转换

周边区域地理信息的获取是我国地缘环境研究中的一个难题,志愿者地理信息(volunteered geographic information,VGI)的兴起为解决该难题提供了一个可行的方法。在目前一系列的VGI项目中,OpenStreetMap(OSM)是比较领先的应用,但OSM数据模型不同于我国周边应用的专业矢量数据模型,因此,利用OSM数据时首先需要对其进行模型转换。有鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于规则的OSM数据到专业应用矢量数据模型转换方法。该方法首先利用OSM定义的几何类型与地物属性作为分类依据,建立了模型转换基本规则库;对于志愿者根据自己的理解自行标注未包含在基本规则库中的目标采用人机交互方式进行模型转换,并在此过程中不断完善规则库,利用越南与巴基斯坦数据进行实验,最终形成了包括2 344条转换规则的模型转换规则库,为OSM数据模型到专业应用矢量数据模型的转换提供了一条可行途径。     

基于OGR的勘测定界坐标数据格式转换方法研究

勘测定界界址点坐标交换文件是国土资源管理工作中时常用到的一种空间数据格式,具有一般文本文件易读易改的特性,但缺少专业GIS软件应用支持,需要转换为通用的GIS数据格式才能进行更广泛的应用。为尽可能简化操作难度和降低软件购置成本,本文从底层开发的角度思考,基于OGR开源类库的运行机制总结了数据转换的技术流程,在VC++环境下开发了简单易用的数据转换工具,实现了自动转换为Shapefile文件的目标,对其他格式的GIS数据转换方法研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于Google Earth土地承包经营权工作底图的制作

对利用Google Earth影像制作农村土地承包经营权工作底图的方法和技术流程进行了全面探讨。首先在CASS 7.0软件下对集体土地所有权行政界线进行坐标转换,再使用自编程序提取界线拐点的WGS-84大地坐标,通过"地图下载器"下载Google Earth影像并拼接输出TIF影像,利用Arc Map软件的投影变换功能,将墨卡托投影的TIF影像转换为高斯投影影像,最后,在CASS 7.0软件下插入变换后的正射影像,叠加行政界线,形成完整的承包经营权外业调查工作底图。     

关于桥梁墩柱模板角点坐标的计算方法及其校核的研究

针对桥梁建设中各构筑物放样坐标的计算及校核存在不严谨之处,本文提出一种计算放样坐标的新方法可以作为放样坐标的第一计算方法或检核方法。对其中所涉及的坐标系的转换和方位角的计算方法进行详细说明,并编制程序使计算智能化,可以应用在实际工程中,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Pleiades高分辨率卫星影像道路提取技术

遥感影像上的道路提取是摄影测量与计算机视觉研究的一项重要内容,本文设计了一种高分辨率卫星影像道路提取方法,首先,利用Canny边缘提取算子提取左影像上的边缘,并利用霍夫变换对线特征进行检测,根据道路的几何特性检测平行直线,再基于影像匹配方法匹配立体像对上的道路;然后,利用卫星影像RPC参数前方交会原理实现道路的几何定位。利用Pleiades卫星影像开展试验,自动提取的道路与人工采集的道路几何定位误差在1个像素以内,试验结果验证了本文方法的有效性。