海上导航信息远程传输监控技术研究与应用

将北斗通信技术、船舶自动识别系统技术、航标遥测遥控技术以及GPS差分技术进行有效结合,研制了海上导航信息远程传输监控系统,对我国中、远海海域装有AIS设备的船舶进行跟踪与监控、可疑船舶的辨认、船舶的岸基调度、航标遥测遥控、GPS差分信息远程播发等。相比单一技术的应用,海上导航信息远程传输监控系统不受天气条件限制,无需人员定期出海维护,具有设备集成度高、导航差错率低、功能全面、成本效益好等特点。     

National sovereignty & transboundary protected areas in Southern Africa

The notion that Transboundary Protected Areas (TBPAs) will act as `Peace Parks' has become an important argument in their promotion in post-Apartheid Southern Africa. This `Peace Parks Concept' is implicitly based upon the assumption that national sovereignty will not become a constraining factor in the creation and management of TBPAs. However, this assumption is problematic. TBPAs introduce various changes in the landscape with consequences for the ways in which a state can exercise its sovereignty over its borderland and citizens. This situation might evoke state action that could endanger the various environmental, socio-economic and political objectives of TBPAs. A state's behaviour with regard to TBPAs is not just informed by its interests in TBPAs, but also by its strategic and other interests in the wider borderland area. These are not necessarily compatible with the environmental and economic objectives of TBPAs. The ways in which these interests are mediated are highly complex and non-linear. Because of the inter-dependency that TBPAs create, the extent to which a state can pursue certain interests by means of TBPAs will be (partially) constrained by the wishes of the other states involved. In addition, power has to be shared with a wide range of non-state actors. The operation of sovereignty in TBPAs is therefore highly unpredictable and cannot be captured in static zero-sum terms. Actor Network Theory is identified as a possible starting-point to unravel and evaluate these complex political processes in TBPAs and their subsequent outcomes for state sovereignty.     

重要经济发展区域间海运网络时空演变特性分析

“海上丝绸之路”沿线国家（MSR）、金砖国家（BRICS）、美日韩（AJK）是重要经济发展区域。研究其海运网络的时空演变规律有助于国家层面的贸易竞争均衡分析,对海运战略科学部署和智慧应对具有十分重要的意义。AIS（Automatic Identification System）数据具有实时性,且已基本覆盖全球港口的近海区域,能为海运网络提供及时分析的数据支撑。本文利用AIS数据挖掘MSR、BRICS、AJK的运输网络时空演变规律,结果表明,MSR散货、集装箱、油轮的内部网络结构的变化明显大于AJK和BRICS,说明“一带一路”倡议促进了MSR的内部海运贸易;MSR、AJK和BRICS的外部网络结构变化2013-2016年都较大,说明“一带一路”倡议的实施期间,MSR、AJK和BRICS 3个区域之间的海运贸易变化较大;3个区域的集装箱、油轮吞吐量加权的内外部海运网络结构2015-2016年较2013-2014年更为稳定,随着“一带一路”倡议的实施,这3个区域内部和区域之间的吞吐量加权海运网络结构变化幅度逐步减小。“一带一路”倡议对不同的经济发展区域的影响不同,对MSR的内外部海运网络结构都产生了一定影响,对BRICS散货、集装箱、油轮型海运网络的影响呈现差异化特征,对AJK内部海运网络没有影响,对AJK的外部网络产生了部分影响。提高MSR的海运贸易吞吐量,提升MSR在海运网络中的贸易地位,仍是当前的发展重点。     

Marine testing board for certification of ballast water treatment technologies

The proposed MTB is a process to expedite the implementation of international standards and regulations, and the subsequent testing, certification, and regulatory approval of new ballast water treatment ("control") technologies. This would expedite their acceptance in the global marketplace and reduce risks of shipowners following international regulation. The cost to test and evaluate and certify new ballast water treatment technologies for the global marketplace has been estimated to be less than US $1 per day per ship. It is time for the shipping industry, national regulatory bodies, and IMO to endorse the concept of the MTB and for the shipping industry to support a proactive cost-saving solution for sustainable shipping and protecting the environment from unwanted invasions of aquatic species with their potential negative impacts.     

海洋经济研究生教育的兴起与发展

人们对海洋的探索以及对海洋经济的认识和研究,促使海洋经济(专业)教育的兴起。20世纪80年代初期,与"海洋经济"相近方向的研究生教育开始;新世纪以来,明确设立"海洋经济"研究方向的研究生教育得到较快发展。必须积极解决海洋经济的学科性质及其归属、发展定位等限制研究生教育的问题,有关海洋经济科研院所和高校必须大力合作,促进海洋经济学科及其研究生教育的大发展。     

Accounting for carbon dioxide emissions from international shipping: Burden sharing under different UNFCCC allocation options and regime scenarios

CO₂ emissions from international shipping, which are currently unregulated, are predicted to rise dramatically if no regulations are implemented. International bunker fuel emissions have been excluded from the Kyoto Protocol; the UNFCCC conference in Copenhagen also failed to bring about clear directions on how to proceed with these emissions.     

Tunable diode laser measurements of trace gases during the 1988 Polarstern cruise and intercomparisons with other methods

Measurements of NO₂, HCHO, and H₂O₂ were made by the highly specific method of mid infra-red absorption spectroscopy using tunable diode lasers (TDLAS) during the 1988 Polarstern expedition. The TDLAS data are compared to those obtained during the cruise using less direct methods. Southern Hemisphere NO₂ levels suggest nett photochemical destruction of O₃ in the boundary layer. Northern Hemisphere HCHO averaged 0.47±0.2 ppbv; the HCHO measurements are used in a simple calculation to estimate OH noontime maxima of 3–6×10⁶ cm^-3.     

Food system sustainability: Questions of environmental governance in the new world (dis)order

In a time of climate emergency, the question of environmental governance is not only critical, but also epistemic. How ‘environment’ is represented is as critical as how environmental crisis is managed. This essay addresses a debate of this kind by considering the complementary and contradictory relations between the concepts of ‘multi-functionality’ and ‘food sovereignty,’ as they define the global landscape. The juxtaposition of these concepts and their practical implications for political economy and ecology has its formative origins in a European-led debate over the role of agriculture, as a critical dimension of environmental governance. In this chapter I examine this debate as posing questions with broader, global significance.     

基于模糊影响图的海洋结构风险分析方法研究

基于模糊影响图(FPID)和失效模式与效果分析(FMEA)建立了一种海洋结构风险分析方法。鉴于风险分析中某些事件发生概率和关系概率两个重要参数确定时需借助专家主观判断,本文将模糊概率的概念引入海洋结构影响图评估方法中。该方法成功地应用到海洋平台人员伤害分析中。虽然这里仅给出了该方法在海洋平台风险评估中的应用,但其具有更广泛应用价值。     

中国海南省三沙市行政建制特点与海洋资源开发

行政区是地方政权存在的地域,中国在海南省成立的三沙市,是中国陆地面积最小、海域面积最大、人口在市一级行政机构中最少的地级市。三沙市成立最重要的目的是为了维护国家海洋权益、保护南海岛礁、开发南海丰富的海洋渔业资源、深海石油和天然气资源、海洋旅游资源以及水下文物资源等。在阐述三沙市的历史沿革、区位、政区规模以及政区形态特征等基础上,分析了三沙市的渔业资源、油气资源和旅游资源等,以图、表的形式反映了中国提出的油气招标区块的数量、面积和深度。最后提出三沙市应以旅游、水产、油气、水下文物等为重点发展的海洋产业,开发过程中必须重视海洋生态建设和环境保护,使资源开发达到持续、绿色发展的要求。