沉水植物川蔓藻的生态学特征及其对环境变化的响应

川蔓藻是近海生态系统中重要的初级生产力。了解它的生态学特征对于河口海岸带的生态修复具有重要意义。本文结合在天津滨海湿地生态修复工程中对于川蔓藻的研究成果,从5个方面探讨了川蔓藻的生态学特征及其与环境的关系:(1)川蔓藻对极端环境因子的适应;(2)川蔓藻在资源分配上的繁殖策略;(3)川蔓藻的矿质营养代谢以及对生物地球化学过程的影响;(4)川蔓藻种群衰退的原因;(5)川蔓藻在环境修复中的应用。其中着重讨论了川蔓藻对环境变化的响应,并结合我们的研究工作展望了它在环境工程与近岸水体修复中的应用潜力。     

表碛覆盖型冰川的提取方法及变化

表碛覆盖型冰川是山地冰川的一种特殊类型,表碛的存在使得其对气候变化呈现出不同的响应特征。基于2011—2020年Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像和ASTER DEM数据,在综合分析表碛光谱、地形和地表温度特征基础上提出TDSI(temperature NDDI slope ice)方法,并将其用于提取中国境内托木尔冰川等6条大陆型冰川和雅弄冰川等3条海洋型冰川。结果表明：基于TDSI方法提取表碛覆盖型冰川的总体精度为91.23%,其中大陆型和海洋型表碛覆盖冰川的精度分别为91.20%和90.97%。2011—2020年6条大陆型冰川和3条海洋型冰川面积平均减少0.06%和0.11%,而表碛面积分别增加了11.92%和18.35%。大陆型冰川表碛主要分布在其中值海拔以下,而海洋型冰川表碛分布范围更广,近10年间二者均呈现向冰川上部扩张趋势。气温上升是冰川消融退缩和表碛增加的主要原因,同时冰川流速变化和终碛湖演变也对表碛变化有一定影响。     

中国与海洋邻国间海域划界问题的研究

根据我国的领海制度,中国专属经济区与大陆架法以及联合国海洋法公约的有关内容,研究划分我国与海洋邻国之间的海域管辖范围,从而维护我国的海洋权益。     

北冰洋航海线在世界地图上的表示及相关讨论

介绍根据《系列世界地图》提出的“北冰洋是世界地中海”的新观念,讨论了全球变暖后北冰洋凸显出的战略意义。通过对东京到伦敦的“苏伊士航海线”、“巴拿马航海线”、“好望角航海线”和“北冰洋航海线”的对比分析,展现“北冰洋航海线”表示在“北半球版世界地图”上的优越性。     

利用耐盐沉水植物控制滨海再生水景观河道的富营养化研究

研究了由广盐性沉水植物川蔓藻(Ruppia maritima)构建的沉水植被系统对滨海再生水景观河道的富营养化控制。实验室静态试验与工程现场中试研究结果表明:由单一广盐性沉水植物川蔓藻构建的沉水植被系统对含盐量7000~13000mg/L的再生水中的氮和磷都有较高的去除率,当河道川蔓藻的生物量达4627gFw/m2时,再生水体中总氮和总磷的去除率分别达到74.6%和85.4%。出水氮磷浓度达到了《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水质》(GB/T18921-2002)的标准。泰达再生水河道中川蔓藻的生物量与河道水体中的叶绿素a存在显著的线性负相关。因此,在景观河道之前先构建一个川蔓藻沉水植被系统,对于利用再生水恢复与重建滨海湿地,并控制水体富营养化有重要作用。     

Radon daughter disequilibria in the lower marine boundary layer

Radon daughters are produced as free ions, but they become attached to aerosol particles at a rate depending on the particle concentration. In the lower marine boundary layer, most of those which do not become attached plate out on the ocean surface. In this paper a simple model is used to examine the influence of several parameters on radon/radon daughter disequilibria in maritime air. The model is compared with experimental data from Cape Grim.The radon daughter to radon ratio, f, decreases from 0.86 to 0.1 as the particle concentration falls from 1000 to 10 cm^-3. Estimates of radon concentration at sea level, based on daughter measurements may therefore be in error by as much as a factor of 10 unless allowance is made for particle concentration. At 100 cm^-3, the standard deviation of the distribution of measured f values is about 30%, indicating that the particle concentration is not the only factor influencing the loss of radon daughters. The implication is that radon daughters can be used to measure radon concentrations at sea level with an accuracy of about 30%, provided the particle concentration is known.The measurements show that there is a very low proportion of unattached daughers in the air between about 30 and 165 m above sea level. According to the model, this implies that mixing of air up to about 200 m is usually rapid enough to result in plate-out of radon daughters on the ocean on a time scale of less than 100 s.     

科学与主权：晚清民国时期西方学者在中国的地质学考察

晚清随着中国国门洞开,西方学者、传教士、商人、探险家以“科学无国界”的旗号,将中国视为一个巨大的“露天博物馆”,纷纷来华进行各种科学考察。其中比较著名的如庞佩利、李希霍芬、塞切尼、奥勃鲁切夫、维理士、安得思以及斯文·赫定等,在中国先后组织了多次系统的考察,在地质学等领域取得了许多影响深远的成果。这些考察不仅丰富了西方地质学家对中国地质的认识,对之后的中国学者也颇多裨益。民国以后,西人的考察活动激起了中国学者的民族主义反弹,不断遭遇中国学者的主权诉求,尤其是斯文·赫定组织的西北考察成为其中的一个标志性事件。在民间团体的努力下,政府对外国人在中国的考察活动逐渐作出了明确的法律限制,中国学者亦自发开展独立的地质学考察和研究。     

Geodetic Datum of Indonesian Maritime Boundaries: Status and Problems

Indonesia has maritime boundaries with 10 countries namely: Australia, Timor Leste, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Palau, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Many treaties have been ratified concerning these boundaries. Unfortunately, many coordinates of boundary points mentioned in the treaties are not clear in relation to their geodetic datum. The uncertainty in geodetic datum of boundary points introduces complications and problems in spatial management of Indonesia's maritime boundaries, since it can displace the boundary lines from their assumed true location. This study investigates the possible original geodetic datums for the maritime boundaries between Indonesia and neighboring countries, in the case they are not explicitly stated in the treaties. The displacements of boundaries in WGS84 datum are generally in the order of a few hundred meters, i.e., about 200 to 400 m, depending on the assumed original geodetic datum being considered. These boundary displacements are spatially advantageous for Indonesia in some cases and also disadvantageous in others. The study will sum up with some conclusions and recommendations.     

国际海洋边界划定与目前状况

本文简要描述了国际海洋边界划定与目前状况，其内容包括海洋边界划定，边界划定与海洋法，世界海洋区域及美国、俄罗斯划界概况和专属经济区与大陆架等问题。文章呼呈我国应加速海洋立法过程，尽快划出专属经济区与大陆架边界。     

A Review of “The Future of Intermodal Freight Transport: Operations,Design, and Policy”

This article analyzes the interrelationship among resource consumption, sociospatial justice, and what is popularly known as global warming by interrogating the ecological footprint of professional geographers, especially in terms of their conference-going involving air travel. In this spirit, the article introduces and employs the concepts of ecological privilege (as well as its inextricably related antithesis, ecological disadvantage) and dys-ecologism as a way to understand the roots and implications of professional geographers’ fossil fuel use and those of globally advantaged classes more broadly. To illustrate this, the article measures the flight-related ecological footprint of the 2011 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) in Seattle, Washington. In doing so, the article examines how professional geographers, in the form of the AAG, have responded to their travel-related ecological footprint. It thus highlights the importance of scrutinizing the complex and dynamic interrelationships among consumption; associated socioecological benefits and detriments and their systemic manifestations; and hierarchy-related and power-infused categories of race, class, and nation—and their spatialities.